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Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II / Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911 cover

Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II / Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911

Chapter 89: Index
By S. P. Langley
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About This Book

The memoir chronicles systematic experimental work toward powered, heavier-than-air flight, presenting a chronological account of small flying models, aerodynamic tests with a whirling table, development of lightweight steam engines and launch apparatus. It explains why laboratory measurements differ from free-flight conditions, analyzes equilibrium and center-of-pressure issues, and records iterative trial-and-error design of wings, propellers, and supporting structures. Part of the text compiles detailed test data, field trial reports, and engineering challenges encountered during attempts to achieve sustained, controllable mechanical flight, with editorial additions completing later sections of the experimental record.

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DATA SHEET No. 12. Weight of Aerodrome, One-Quarter Model. Certified to by Chas. M. Manly, June 11, 1901.

Parts. Sizes. Weight.
m. ft. gr. lbs.
1 Frame, including everything of metal, permanent and undetachable, such as bed-plate, cross-rods for the support of propellers, bearing points for clutch, etc. 3245
2 Engine, bed plates and sparkers 4549 10
3 Gears, shafts, etc. 1662
4
5
6
7 Floats, front, 212; rear, 220 432
8 Reel, float and cord, 142 142
9 Wing clamps, 86 and 97; rudder clamp and post 183
10 Carburetor and fuel 737
11 Spark coil, 1512; holders, 110 1622
12 Battery 1627
13 Primary connections
14 Secondary connections
15 Guy-post clamps, each 13 26
16
17 Wings (without clamp), new flat wings 2634
18 Tail (without clamp), Pénaud rudder 353
19 Rudder, wind vane 88
20 Guy sticks 30
21 Propellers, 585 each 1170
22 Extra length of midrod, front, 125; rear, 225 350
23 Wood bowsprit 75
24 Other Things
25 Counter 110
26 Guy-post clamp and post for rudder 16
27
28
29 Drop piece for rudder 53
30
31 Sundries unknown
32
33
34 Total flying weight 19,104
35
36
37
38 Total area of support (not including tail) . . . sq. ft. 61.41
39 Total area of support in feet, divided by total flying weight in lbs. 1.46
40 Total area of horizontal tail. . . . sq. ft. 6
41 Total area of rudder (vertical). . . . sq. ft. 6
42 Horse-power at brake 1.5 at 750 R. P. M.
43 Engine gave 2.01 H. P. on brake at 900 R. P. M.
44 Lift at pendulum (during one minute absolute)
45 Lift at pendulum (during one minute in terms of wt.)
46 Minimum pressure with which wheels turn
47 Position of center of pressure of wings†
48
49
50 Curvature of wings, 1 in 20-1/2
51 Root angle of wings, 10°
52 Tip angle of wings, 10°
53 Position of wings: C. P. F. W., 157.82; C. P. R. W., 1386.9
54 How guyed
55 Position of tail
56 Angle of tail, 5°
57 Co-efficient elasticity of tail, 200 at center depresses to horizontal
58 Position of rudder (center), 1292.9
59
60 Line of thrust, 1500, through center of propellers
61 Center of gravity1 of whole, 1503.7
62 Center of gravity2, 2497.5
63 Center of pressure1 of whole estimate, 1503.7
64 Center of pressure2, 2513.2
65 Center of clutch post, 1515.4
66 Center of coil, 1555.3
67 Center front float, 16.45
68 Center rear float, 1372.6
69 Center wind vane rudder, 1435.6
70 Center Pénaud rudder, 1292.9
71 Rear end Pénaud rudder, 1215.9
72 Front end of Bowsprit, 1707.2

Footnotes.

  • * H.P. = (Rev. × diam. × pitch ratio × thrust)/33000
  • † This is calculated on the assumption that the center of pressure on each wing or on pair of wings at a motion of 2000 feet per minute is in ordinary curved wings 2-5 the way from front to rear, that for wings of usual size the rear wing have 2-3 of the efficiency per surface of the front ones and that the tail proper bears no part of the weight; but if rear wing is smaller or larger this efficiency is smaller or larger per unit of surface.

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