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Title: Lectures on the rise and development of medieval architecture; vol. 2
Author: Sir George Gilbert Scott
Release date: March 21, 2020 [eBook #61646]
Most recently updated: October 17, 2024
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LECTURES ON THE RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE; VOL. 2 ***
|
List of Illustrations (etext transcriber's note) |
LECTURES
ON
THE RISE AND DEVELOPMENT
OF
MEDIÆVAL ARCHITECTURE
J. LEI
Design Submitted for the New Law Courts, London.
Central Hall.
Sir Geo. Gilbert Scott R.A., architect
LECTURES
ON THE
RISE AND DEVELOPMENT
OF
Mediæval Architecture
Delivered at the Royal Academy
By Sir GILBERT SCOTT, R.A.,
F.S.A., LL.D., Etc.
IN TWO VOLUMES—VOL. II.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET
1879
The right of Translation is reserved.
Printed by R. & R. Clark, Edinburgh.
CONTENTS.
VOL. II.
| LECTURE X. Early Architecture in Great Britain. | |
|---|---|
| Review of the developments in the early Architecture of our own land—Recent research in Central Syria—Examples in Northern Europe previous to the eleventh century—Early remains in Scotland and Ireland—Anglo-Saxon Architecture—Churches founded by St. Augustine—Canterbury and York—Churches at Hexham and Ripon—Ramsey Abbey—Winchester Cathedral—Destruction of Churches by Sweyn—Restoration and building by Canute—Roman models—Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon work—Brixworth Church, Northamptonshire Church on the Castlehill, Dover—Worth Church, Sussex—Bradford Church, Wilts—Chancel of Saxon Church at Jarrow-on-the-Tyne—Churches of Monk Wearmouth and Stow—Crypts at Wing, Repton, and Lastingham—Towers of St. Benet’s, Cambridge: Trinity Church, Colchester: Earls Barton: Barnach: Barton-on-Humber—Sompting, Sussex: and Clapham, Bedfordshire—Chapel at Greensted, Essex—Classification into periods of this form of Architecture | Page 1 |
| LECTURE XI. Early Architecture in Great Britain—continued. | |
| Architecture of the Normans—St. Stephen’s at Caen—Canterbury Cathedral modelled on that of St. Stephen’s—Description of the Norman church built by the Confessor at Westminster before the Conquest—Instances of Anglo-Saxon architecture being used after the Conquest—Characteristics of the Norman style—Varieties of combination—Doors, windows, archways, arcades, and vaulting—Minor details—Mechanical ideal of a great Norman church—Vast scale and number of works undertaken by the early Norman builders | Page 60 |
| LECTURE XII. Early Architecture in Great Britain—continued. | |
| Chapel of St. John, Tower of London—St. Alban’s Abbey—St. Stephen’s at Caen—Cathedrals of Winchester, Ely, London, Rochester, and Norwich—Abbey Church at Bury St. Edmund’s—Gloucester Cathedral—Tewkesbury Abbey—Cathedrals of Worcester and Durham—Waltham Abbey—Christchurch, Hants | Page 92 |
| LECTURE XIII. The Practical and Artistic Principles of Early Architecture in Great Britain. | |
| The close of the eleventh century—The “new manner of building”—Conditions necessary to an arcuated, as distinguished from a trabeated, style—First principles of Grecian and Roman architecture—Rationale of the arcuated style—Its developments—Cloisters of St. Paul without the Walls and St. John Lateran, Rome—Doorways—Windows—Vaulting over spaces enclosed by walls or ranges of piers—Simplest elements defined—Barrel-vaults—Hemispherical vaults or domes—Groined vaults | Page 133 |
| LECTURE XIV. The Principles of Vaulting. | |
| Vaulting of spaces of other forms than the mere square—Apsidal aisles, St. John’s Chapel, Tower, and St. Bartholomew’s Church, Smithfield—Chapter-house and crypt, Worcester—Round-arched vaulting in its most normal form, as resulting from the barrel vault and its intersections—Short digression on another simple form of vault, the dome—“Domed up” vaults—“Welsh” groining—The square or polygonal dome—The Round-arched style of the twelfth century almost perfect—First introduction of the Pointed arch into vaulting—Names of the parts of groined vaulting—Two specimens in London of the apsidal aisle, one in the Round-arched, the other in the Pointed-arched style—Vaulting a polygon with a central pillar—Ploughshare vaulting—The artistic sentiment and character of early Gothic vaulting | Page 161 |
| LECTURE XV. The Principles of Vaulting—continued. | |
| Certain practical points concerning vaulting—Ribs of early and late vaulting—Filling in of intermediate surfaces or cells—Methods adopted in France and England—Sexpartite vaulting—Crypt of Glasgow Cathedral—Choir at Lincoln—Chapter-house, Lichfield—Caudebec, Normandy—Octagonal kitchen of the Monastery, Durham—Lady Chapel, Salisbury—Segmental vaulting—Temple Church—Lady Chapel, St. Saviour’s, Southwark—Westminster Abbey—Intermediate ribs—Presbytery at Ely—Chapter-houses of Chester and Wells—Exeter Cathedral—Cloisters, Westminster—“Liernes”—Ely Cathedral—Chancel, Nantwich Church—Crosby Hall and Eltham Palace—Choir at Gloucester—Winchester Cathedral—Fan-vaulting—Cloisters at Gloucester—King’s College Chapel, Cambridge—Divinity Schools, Oxford—Roof of Henry VII.’s Chapel, Westminster—Ideal of its design | Page 190 |
| LECTURE XVI. The Dome. | |
| Non-existence of the Dome in our old English architecture—Highly developed forms in France, Germany, and Italy, contemporary with our great Mediæval edifices—Suggestions for its introduction into our revived and redeveloped Neo-mediæval style—So-called Tomb of Agamemnon at Mycenæ—The Pantheon—Temple of Minerva Medica—Torre dei Schiavi—Temples of Vesta at Rome and Tivoli—Temple of Jupiter in Diocletian’s Palace, Spalatro—Tomb of St. Constantia—Baptistery at Nocera—Baptistery at Ravenna—Important domical development—“Pendentive Domes”—Early specimens—Pendentive domes the special characteristic of the Byzantine style—How this originated—Further domical developments—Cathedral at Florence—Churches of SS. Sergius and Bacchus, the Apostles, and St. Sophia, Constantinople | Page 228 |
| LECTURE XVII. The Dome—continued. | |
| St. Irene, Constantinople—Church of San Vitale, the type, three centuries later, of Charlemagne’s Church at Aix-la-Chapelle—Two influences at work leading to the introduction and adoption of the dome into Italy—From thence into the south-west of France—Baptisteries at Florence and Parma—Cathedral at Sienna—St. Mark’s, Venice—Santa Fosca near Venice—Domes having pointed arches for their support—St. Front and La Cité, Perigueux—Angoulême—Fontevrault—Auvergne—Ainay near Lyons—Pendentives in many French churches give place to corbels—The modern type of dome—Cathedral at Florence—St. Peter’s, Rome, and St. Paul’s, London | Page 255 |
| LECTURE XVIII. Architectural Art in reference to the Past, the Present, and the Future. | |
| Sculpture and Painting arise directly from artistic aspirations, Architecture from practical necessities beautified—Architecture, as distinguished from mere building, is the decoration of construction—The History of Architecture has never been viewed as an object of study previous to our own day—Phases of the study—Dangers to be avoided—History of Architecture is the history of civilisation—Western distinct from Eastern civilisation, and to be studied separately—Source of our branch—Its development and progressive stages—The Gothic Renaissance—Advice to the architectural student | Page 290 |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
CONTAINED IN VOL. II.
| FIG. | |
| Design for the Central Hall, New Law Courts, London | Frontispiece. |
| PAGE | |
| 193. Stone House, Arran | 16 |
| 194. Oratory of St. Gallerus | 16 |
| 195. Teampull Sula Sgeir, Scotland. Elevation and Plan | 17 |
| 196. Teampull Rona, Scotland. Interior and Plan | 17 |
| 197. Teampull Beaunachadh, Scotland. East and West Ends | 17 |
| 198. Teampull Caeunanach, Ireland | 18 |
| 199. Leather Book-case | 21 |
| 200. Timahoe, Window from | 22 |
| 201. Chapel of St. Cormac at Cashel. Exterior | 23 |
| 202. Do. do. Interior | 23 |
| 203. Church of St. Regulus, St. Andrews, North and East Elevations | 24 |
| 204. Do. do. Plan | 24 |
| 205. Do. do. Details | 25 |
| 206. Brixworth Church, Northamptonshire. Plan and General View | 39 |
| 207. Do. do. Sections across Nave | 41 |
| 208. Church on the Castle-hill, Dover. Plan | 41 |
| 209. Do. do. View from the South-west | 42 |
| 210. Do. do. Section of Window Jambs, showing Wood frames for the Glass | 43 |
| 211. Church on the Castle-hill, Dover. Upper Western Door | 43 |
| 212. Do. do. Eastern Tower Arch | 43 |
| 213. Do. do. Saxon Balusters | 43 |
| 214. Worth Church, Sussex. General View | 44 |
| 215. Do. do. Plan | 44 |
| 216. Do. do. Transept Arch | 44 |
| 217. Do. do. Chancel Arch | 44 |
| 218. Bradford, Wilts. Church at. Plan and East end | 46 |
| 219. Do. do. South Elevation, North Door and Porch | 46 |
| 220. Jarrow-on-the-Tyne, Church at. Baluster Columns | 48 |
| 221. Monk Wearmouth, Church at. Western Entrance | 49 |
| 222. Repton Church, Derbyshire. View of Crypt | 51 |
| 223. Do. do. Plan of Crypt | 51 |
| 224. St. Benet’s, Cambridge. Tower | 52 |
| 225. Trinity Church, Colchester. Do. | 53 |
| 226. Earls Barton, Northamptonshire. Do. | 54 |
| 227. Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire. Do. and Western Porch | 54 |
| 228. Barnach, Northamptonshire. Do. | 55 |
| 229. Sompting, Sussex. Do. | 56 |
| 230. Chapel at Greensted, Essex. View | 57 |
| 231. Do. do. Plan | 57 |
| 232. Saxon Door Jamb. Diagrams | 76 |
| 233. Norman Door Jamb and Arch. Do. | 76 |
| 234. Jambs of Doorways. Do. | 78 |
| 235. Groined or Intersecting Vaulting. Do. | 79 |
| 236. Do. Do. | 79 |
| 237. Anglo-Saxon mouldings. Do. | 84 |
| 238. Norman mouldings. Do. | 84 |
| 239. Do. development of Do. | 84 |
| 240. With reference to the Capital. Do. | 85 |
| 241. Mechanical Ideal of a great Norman Church. Do. | 88 |
| 242. St. John’s Chapel, Tower of London. Plan | 92 |
| 243. Do. do. View looking East | 93 |
| 244. Do. do. View of South Aisle | 94 |
| 245-247. Do. do. Capitals | 95 |
| 248. St. Stephen’s, Caen. Capitals from | 96 |
| 249. Lincoln Cathedral. Do. | 97 |
| 250. St. Stephen’s, Caen. Plan | 98 |
| 251. St. Alban’s Cathedral. Do. | 99 |
| 252. Do. View of, at the close of the 11th Century | 100 |
| 253. Do. Sectional view of Nave | 101 |
| 254. Do. Balusters | 102 |
| 255. Do. Belfry stage of Tower | 103 |
| 256. Winchester Cathedral. Plan of Transept Piers | 105 |
| 257. Do. View of the Crypt | 108 |
| 258. Do. The Nave | 109 |
| 259. Ely Cathedral. Abbot Symeon’s Plan | 110 |
| 260-261. Do. Transept Piers | 111 |
| 262-263. Do. Nave Piers | 112 |
| 264. Norwich Cathedral. Plan | 117 |
| 265. Do. View of Part of Nave | 119 |
| 266. Abbey Church, Bury St. Edmund’s. Plan | 120 |
| 267. Gloucester Cathedral. View of the Crypt | 121 |
| 268. Waltham Abbey. Nave Piers | 125 |
| 269. Durham Cathedral. Plan | To face 127 |
| 270. Do. View of part of Nave “ | 129 |
| 271. Do. Nave Piers | 128 |
| 272. Do. Gabled roofing to the Aisles | 129 |
| 273. Christchurch, Hants. Stair-turret, North Transept | 131 |
| 274-285. Development of an arcuated style. Diagrams | 139-142 |
| 286. Canterbury Cathedral. Capital from the Crypt | 142 |
| 287. Ely Cathedral. Capital from | 143 |
| 288-293. Development of Piers and Jambs. Diagrams | 143-144 |
| 294. St. Paul without the Walls, Rome. Cloisters of | 145 |
| 295-308. Development of Piers. Diagrams | 146-148 |
| 309-311. Do. Jambs. Do. | 150 |
| 312.St. Leonard’s Priory, Stamford. Part of Western Entrance | 151 |
| 313-318. Diagrams explanatory of Groined or Intersecting Vaulting | 153-157 |
| 319. Church of the Holy Trinity at Caen. View of the Crypt | 157 |
| 320. Canterbury Cathedral. View of Crypt | 158 |
| 321. Durham Cathedral. View of Crypt | 159 |
| 322-326. Developments in the system of Vaulting. Diagrams | 162-164 |
| 327. St. John’s Chapel, Tower of London. Apsidal Aisles of | 165 |
| 328. St. Bartholemew’s Church, Smithfield. Do. | 165 |
| 329. Do. do. Plan of Apse | 165 |
| 330. Worcester Cathedral. Chapter-house | 167 |
| 331. Do. Plan of Crypt | 167 |
| 332. Do. View of Crypt | 168 |
| 333-348. Vaulting by means of the Dome. Diagrams | 169-175 |
| 349. Diagram explanatory of the various parts of a Groined compartment | 182 |
| 350. Westminster Abbey. Vaulting of Aisle round Apse | 184 |
| 351-352. Vaulting a Polygon with a Central Pillar. Diagrams | 184 |
| 353. Westminster Abbey, Chapter-house. View of | To face 185 |
| 354. Vaulting with Raised Ridges. Diagram | 186 |
| 355. St. Saviour’s, Southwark. Vaulting of Cells adjoining the Clerestory | 187 |
| 356-372. Ribs, Filling-in and various forms of Vaulting. Diagrams | 191-198 |
| 373. York Cathedral, Chapter-house. Plan and view of Vaulting | 199 |
| 374. Glasgow Cathedral. Plan of Vaulting of the Crypt under the Choir | 200 |
| 375-378. Plans of Vaulting of the Choir, Lincoln; Chapter-house, Lichfield; Kitchen of the Monastery, Durham; and the Lady Chapel, Southwark | 202-205 |
| 379. Westminster Abbey. St Faith’s Chapel. View looking East | 206 |
| 380. Do. do. do. West | To face 207 |
| 381-383. Intermediate Ribs in Vaulting. Diagrams | 208-209 |
| 384. Westminster Abbey. Vaulting West of the Crossing | 209 |
| 385.Chester Cathedral. Chapter-house | 210 |
| 386. Crosby Hall, London. Plan and View of lierne vaulting to Oriel | 214 |
| 387. Eltham Palace, Kent. Plan and View of lierne vaulting to Oriel | 215 |
| 388. Gloucester Cathedral. Plan of Choir Vaulting | 215 |
| 389-390. Fan Vaulting. Diagrams | 218 |
| 391. King’s College, Cambridge. Plan of Vaulting | 219 |
| 392. Gloucester Cathedral. View of Cloisters | 220 |
| 393. Christ Church, Oxford. View of Staircase Ceiling | 221 |
| 394. Do. do. Plan do. | 221 |
| 395-397. Henry VII.’s Chapel, Westminster Abbey. Plans and Views of the Vaulting | 223-224 |
| 398. Divinity Schools, Oxford. View of Fan-Vaulting | 225 |
| 399. Henry VII.’s Chapel, Westminster Abbey. Plan of Vaulting of Apse | 226 |
| 400. Pantheon, Rome. Plan | 231 |
| 401. Do. do. Half Elevation and Half Section of Exterior and Interior | 232 |
| 402. Temple of Minerva Medica. Plan and Section | 235 |
| 403. Do. Jupiter, in Diocletian’s Palace at Spalatro | 236 |
| 404. Tomb of St. Constantia, Rome. Plan | 237 |
| 405. Baptistery at Ravenna. Plan and Section | 239 |
| 406-411. Domical Developments. Diagrams | 240-242 |
| 412. Tomb in the Via Nomentana, Rome. Section | 243 |
| 413. Double Gate, Temple Area at Jerusalem. View of | 243 |
| 414-419. Pendentive Domes. Diagrams | 244-247 |
| 420. SS. Sergius and Bacchus, Constantinople. Plan | 248 |
| 421. Do. do. Section | 248 |
| 422-423. Ideal of the Plans of the Church of the Apostles and of St. Sophia, Constantinople. Diagrams | 250 |
| 424. St. Sophia, Constantinople. Plan | 251 |
| 425. Do. do. Longitudinal Section | To face 252 |
| 426. St. Irene, do. Section | 256 |
| 427. St Sophia, do. do. | 256 |
| 428.Church of the Holy Theotokos. Plan | 257 |
| 429. Do. Section | 257 |
| 430. St. Nicodemus, Athens. Plan and Section | 258 |
| 431. St. Vitale, Ravenna. Plan | 259 |
| 432. Do. Section | 259 |
| 433. Church at Aix-la-Chapelle. Plan and Section | 260 |
| 434. Baptistery at Florence. Plan | 261 |
| 435. Do. do. Section | 262 |
| 436. Do. at Parma. Plan | 263 |
| 437. Do. do. Section | 263 |
| 438. Cathedral at Sienna. Plan | 264 |
| 439. St. Mark’s, Venice. Do. | 265 |
| 440. Do. Cross Section | 266 |
| 441. Do. Longitudinal Section | 267 |
| 442. Santa Fosca, Torcello. Plan | 268 |
| 443. St. Front, Perigueux. Do. | 271 |
| 444. Do. do. Section | 272 |
| 445. Do. do. Interior View of | 272 |
| 446. La Cité, Perigueux. Do. | 273 |
| 447. Church at Angoulême. Plan | 274 |
| 448. Do. Interior View of | 274 |
| 449. Church at Fontevrault. Plan | 275 |
| 450. Nôtre Dame du Pont, Clermont. Interior View | 276 |
| 451. Cathedral at Florence. Plan and Section | 279 |
| 452. St. Peter’s, Rome. Section looking North | To face 281 |
| 453. St. Paul’s, London. Half Elevation and Half Section looking East | To face 283 |
| 454. St. Paul’s, London. Ground Plan | 286 |
| 455. St. Peter’s, Rome. Do. | To face 286 |
| 456. Design for the Central Dome, Houses of Parliament, Berlin | To face 289 |