CHAPTER XLIII
| 1552. | Marriage of Princess Elisabetta | 106 | |
| ” | The Duke's domestic affairs | 107 | |
| ” | He builds the palace at Pesaro | 108 | |
| 1555. | The bigotry and ambitious nepotism of Paul IV. | 109 | |
| ” | He sends Guidobaldo against the Colonna | 109 | |
| 1557. | Aug. 26. | Rome nearly taken | 111 |
| 1558. | April 9. | He receives an engagement from Spain and the Golden Fleece | 111 |
| ” | The terms of his service | 111 | |
| 1565. | He sends his son to Spain | 112 | |
| ” | His Discourse against the Turk | 113 | |
| 1570. | His great expenses | 113 | |
| 1572. | Consequent increase of imposts | 113 | |
| ” | Which occasions an insurrection at Urbino | 114 | |
| ” | It is repressed by stringent measures | 115 | |
| 1573. | Severities against the guilty | 116 | |
| ” | The humiliation of the city | 117 | |
| ” | The blot attaching to the Duke's memory from these events | 120 | |
| ” | Letter of remonstrance to him | 120 | |
| 1574. | Sept. 28. | His death and character | 122 |
| ” | His children | 125 |
CHAPTER XLIV
| The autobiography of Duke Francesco Maria II. | 129 | ||
| 1549. | Feb. 20. | His birth and education | 130 |
| 1565. | He goes to Spain by Genoa | 131 | |
| 1568. | His account of Don Carlos's imprisonment | 133 | |
| ” | July 11. | His return home by Milan | 134 |
| ” | His studious habits | 135 | |
| 1571. | Jan. | His marriage to Lucrezia d'Este announced by himself | 135 |
| ” | ” | Early coldness | 136 |
| ” | ” | Congratulatory letters on the occasion | 137 |
| ” | Protestant doctrines at Ferrara | 139 | |
| ” | He joins the Turkish expedition | 139 | |
| ” | His account of the sea-fight at Lepanto | 140 | |
| 1574. | Sep. 28. | He succeeds to the dukedom | 142 |
| ” | Ceremonial of his investiture | 142 | |
| ” | Letter of advice from Girolamo Muzio | 144 | |
| ” | The difficulties of his position | 149 | |
| ” | Overcome by prudence and moderation | 149 | |
| ” | A conspiracy against him discovered | 150 |
CHAPTER XLV
| 1577. | Unsatisfactory results of his marriage | 152 | |
| ” | His separation from the Duchess | 153 | |
| ” | His autograph Diary | 155 | |
| 1582. | He is taken into the Spanish service | 156 | |
| ” | And receives the title of "Most Serene" | 157 | |
| 1583. | Marriage of his Sister Princess Lavinia | 157 | |
| ” | He builds the Videtta Villa | 157 | |
| 1586. | And obtains the Golden Fleece | 158 | |
| ” | List of officers at his court | 159 | |
| 1588. | His fondness for the chase | 160 | |
| 1589. | Other pastimes of his court | 161 | |
| ” | His literary pursuits | 162 | |
| ” | His hospitalities. Galileo | 163 | |
| 1597. | Oct. | Death of the last Duke of Ferrara | 164 |
| 1598. | Feb. 11. | And of the Duchess of Urbino | 165 |
| ” | Clement VIII. visits Urbino | 166 | |
| ” | His desire for the Duke's abdication | 166 | |
| ” | The Duke's retired habits | 167 | |
| ” | The anxiety of his people for his remarriage | 167 | |
| ” | His singular appeal to them | 168 | |
| 1599. | April 26. | He marries Livia della Rovere | 169 |
| 1602. | Dec. 13. | Death of Duchess Vittoria | 171 |
CHAPTER XLVI
| 1605. | May 16. | Birth of Prince Federigo | 173 |
| ” | ” | Universal joy of the people | 174 |
| ” | ” | The Duke's pilgrimage of thanks to Loreto | 176 |
| ” | ” 19. | Baptism of the Prince, amid festive pageants | 176 |
| 1606. | The Duke's breeding stud | 180 | |
| ” | His aversion to business, and retired habits | 180 | |
| ” | Castel Durante his favourite residence | 181 | |
| ” | He appoints a council of state | 183 | |
| ” | A glance at the constitution establishments of Urbino | 185 | |
| 1607. | The unfortunate education of the Prince | 189 | |
| ” | His father's code of instructions to him | 189 | |
| 1608. | His unpromising youth | 194 |
CHAPTER XLVII
| 1608. | His betrothal to Princess Claudia de' Medici | 196 | |
| 1610. | His dissolute habits | 197 | |
| 1616. | He visits Florence | 198 | |
| 1617. | Court pastimes at Urbino | 199 | |
| 1621. | April 29. | The Prince's marriage concluded | 199 |
| ” | Reception of the bridal pair | 201 | |
| ” | Francesco Maria resigns the administration of his state to the Prince | 202 | |
| ” | And retires to Urbania | 203 | |
| 1622. | The Prince's reckless career, and debauched life | 204 | |
| 1623. | June 29. | His sudden death | 207 |
| ” | ” | The Duke's resignation | 208 |
| ” | Ominous warnings | 209 | |
| ” | Monumental inscription to the Prince | 210 | |
| 1622. | July 27. | Birth of his daughter Vittoria | 210 |
| 1623. | Princess Claudia returns to her family | 211 | |
| ” | The Duke rouses himself | 212 | |
| ” | The difficulties of his position | 213 | |
| ” | Aug. 8. | Election of Pope Urban VIII. | 214 |
| 1624. | The Duke's negotiations with the Holy See | 214 | |
| ” | Intrigues and threats employed against him | 216 | |
| ” | He arranges the Devolution of his state to the Holy See | 219 | |
| ” | To which the people gave no consent | 220 | |
| 1628. | The terms of surrender ill kept | 222 |
CHAPTER XLVIII
| ” | The Duke's monkish seclusion at Urbania | 224 | |
| 1631. | April 28. | His death there | 225 |
| ” | His funeral | 226 | |
| ” | Notices of his character by Donato, Gozze, and Passeri | 227 | |
| ” | His appearance and portrait | 230 | |
| ” | Letters of his domestic circle | 232 | |
| ” | Notices of Princess Vittoria | 239 | |
| ” | And of Duchess Livia | 239 | |
| ” | The Duke's will, and the amount of his succession | 239 | |
| ” | His libraries | 241 | |
| 1658. | The MSS. carried to the Vatican | 242 | |
| ” | The printed books transported to the Sapienza at Rome | 244 | |
| ” | Probable number of MSS. | 244 | |
| 1631. | The duchy incorporated with the Ecclesiastical States | 245 | |
| To the great misfortune of the people | 246 | ||
| Conclusion | 248 |
CHAPTER XLIX
| 1400. | The glory and progress of Italy while divided into many states | 253 | |
| 1492-1530. | Her long struggle against foreign aggression is closed in servitude | 253 | |
| 1533-1600. | Spanish domination fatal to manners, language, and literature | 254 | |
| ” ” | This evil augmented by the Academies | 255 | |
| ” ” | The Assorditi of Urbino | 255 | |
| ” ” | The influence of the Reformation, how excluded from Italian letters | 257 | |
| ” ” | The age of rhetoricians and fulsome compliment | 257 | |
| ” ” | Mathematics and engineering studied at Urbino | 259 | |
| 1509-1575. | Federigo Comandino of Urbino | 260 | |
| 1544. | Guidobaldo Marchese del Monte | 262 | |
| 1529-1591. | Francesco Paciotti of Urbino | 262 | |
| -1560. | Gian Giacomo Leonardi of Pesaro | 264 | |
| 1569-1639. | Muzio Oddi of Urbino | 265 | |
| 1553-1612. | Bernardino Baldi of Urbino, his vast acquirements and numerous works | 266 | |
| His Lives of Dukes of Urbino | 273 | ||
| 1496-1576. | Girolamo Muzio of Capo d'Istria, biographer of the Dukes | 274 | |
| 1555-1602. | Federigo Bonaventura of Urbino | 277 | |
CHAPTER L
| Facilities of Italian versification | 278 | ||
| Absence of traditionary ballads | 279 | ||
| 1508-1600. | Poetry flourishes at Urbino | 280 | |
| 1474-1533. | Ludovico Ariosto | 280 | |
| 1515. | He visits Urbino; his room in the palace there | 281 | |
| ” ” | The qualities of his poetry | 286 | |
| 1492-1557. | Pietro Aretino, "scourge of princes" | 287 | |
| Mediocrity of his poetry, and baseness of his character | 288 | ||
| 1490-1547. | Vittoria Colonna, Marchioness of Pescara | 291 | |
| ” ” | Her devotional character and poetry | 292 | |
| 1522. | Laura Battiferri of Urbino | 294 | |
| Other bards of that court | 294 | ||
| Dionigi Atanagi; specimens of his verses | 295 | ||
| Antonio Galli and Marco Montani of Urbino | 297 | ||
| 1493-1569. | Bernardo Tasso | 298 | |
| His early irregularities and services | 298 | ||
| 1531. | Enters that of the Prince of Salerno | 299 | |
| 1539. | His marriage and happy residence at Sorrento | 299 | |
| 1544. | March. | Birth of his son Torquato | 300 |
| 1552. | Becomes a wanderer on his patron's disgrace | 300 | |
| 1556. | Death of his wife | 301 | |
| 1556. | His appeal to the Prince | 301 | |
| ” | Reaches Pesaro, where he resides for two years | 302 | |
| 1557. | Reads his Amadigi at that court | 303 | |
| 1559. | Sept. 28. | Torquato intimates his death to the Duke of Urbino | 305 |
| His poetry and correspondence | 305 | ||
| His invention of the Ode | 306 | ||
CHAPTER LI
| Torquato Tasso, a subject of mystery and contradiction | 308 | ||
| Count Alberti's recent impositions | 311 | ||
| Dr. Andrea Verga's theory of his insanity | 312 | ||
| Is sufficient justification of the Duke of Ferrara | 313 | ||
| 1556. | Torquato's arrival at Pesaro | 313 | |
| His early devotion to the muses | 314 | ||
| 1565. | His first visit to Ferrara | 314 | |
| His compliments to the family of Urbino in the Rinaldo | 315 | ||
| His devotion to Princess Lucrezia d'Este, afterwards Duchess of Urbino | 316 | ||
| 1571. | His sonnet to her, and canzone on her marriage | 318 | |
| 1573. | His Aminta performed at Pesaro | 318 | |
| 1574. | His dangerous intercourse with her at Urbania | 319 | |
| ” | She is separated from the Duke and returns to Ferrara | 320 | |
| 1575. | Tasso at Florence,—his portrait | 321 | |
| 1576. | Symptoms of mental disease | 321 | |
| 1577. | Outbreak of insanity | 321 | |
| 1578. | He seeks shelter at Pesaro from imaginary wrongs | 321 | |
| ” | His canzone to the Duke | 321 | |
| His long letter to him | 323 | ||
| 1579. | He is shut up in the hospital of Sta. Anna at Ferrara for seven years | 326 | |
| 1587-1594. | His subsequent wanderings | 326 | |
| Are closed at Rome | 327 | ||
| 1595. | April 25. | His farewell letter and death at S. Onofrio | 327 |
| Retrospect of his life | 328 | ||
| His rivalry with Ariosto | 329 | ||
| His the latest of Italy's great names | 330 | ||
| 1537-1611. | Battista Guarini of Ferrara | 331 | |
| 1602-1604. | Invited to Urbino | 332 | |
CHAPTER LII
| 1470-1520. | The fine arts especially felt the impulse given to mind before 1500 | 335 | |
| 1520-1600. | Tendency of the "new manner" to exaggeration and artifice | 338 | |
| 1520-1600. | New classes of subjects leading to new errors | 341 | |
| ” ” | Art under the patronage of the della Rovere became prolific | 345 | |
| 1476-1551. | Girolamo della Genga of Urbino, painter, architect, and engineer | 347 | |
| ”” | The decorations of the imperial palace | 349 | |
| 1518-1558. | Bartolomeo della Genga of Urbino, engineer | 352 | |
CHAPTER LIII
| 1529-1566. | Taddeo Zuccaro of S. Angelo in Vado, painter | 355 | |
| ” ” | He paints at Urbino, Rome, and Caprarola | 356 | |
| 1543-1608. | Federigo Zuccaro, painter | 357 | |
| His precocity and rapid execution | 358 | ||
| Paints at Rome, Venice, and Florence | 358 | ||
| Is compromised by his satirical picture of Calumny | 360 | ||
| 1574. | Visits England and paints portraits | 360 | |
| Also Spain, where he was less successful | 361 | ||
| 1583. | His ideas of religious art | 364 | |
| 1593. | Chosen first president of St. Luke's Academy at Rome | 366 | |
| His house there | 366 | ||
| His writings | 367 | ||
| The paintings of the brothers Zuccaro | 367 | ||
| Their pupils and followers in the duchy | 368 | ||
| The Barocci a family of artists | 369 | ||
| 1528-16. | Federigo Baroccio of Urbino | 370 | |
| Is poisoned by jealous rivals | 371 | ||
| His best works | 372 | ||
| His manner | 374 | ||
| His pupils | 377 | ||
| 1560-1644. | Claudio Ridolfi | 379 | |
| Painters of Gubbio | 380 | ||
CHAPTER LIV
| 1474-1563. | Michael Angelo's monument of Julius II. | 381 | |
| ” ” | His style and influence | 386 | |
| ” ” | His monuments of the Medici | 388 | |
| 1477-1576. | Titian patronised by the Dukes of Urbino | 390 | |
| His paintings for that court | 391 | ||
| His Venus | 395 | ||
| His letter to Duke Guidobaldo II. | 397 | ||
| 1544-1628. | Palma Giovane | 398 | |
| -1560. | Gianbattista Franco il Semolei | 399 | |
| Sculptures executed for Urbino | 400 | ||
CHAPTER LV
| Cultivation of the mechanical arts in Italy | 403 | ||
| Watchmaking at Urbino | 403 | ||
| Origin of majolica or earthenware | 405 | ||
| Influence of Luca della Robbia | 406 | ||
| Majolica of Pesaro | 407 | ||
| Finer qualities introduced there | 410 | ||
| The drug-vases at Loreto | 411 | ||
| Subjects for majolica painting | 412 | ||
| Decline of the art | 413 | ||
| Manufactory of it at Urbino | 414 | ||
| And at Gubbio | 414 | ||
| The forms and applications of majolica-ware | 415 | ||
| Mottoes upon it | 416 | ||
| Artists chiefly employed | 419 | ||
| Was Raffaele among them? | 422 | ||
| Collections of majolica | 424 |
APPENDICES
| 1572. | April 20. | Brief from Clement VII. to Duke Francesco Maria I. | 427 |
| ” | May 7. | Letter from the Bishop of Moldula to the confederate leaders at the sack of Rome | 429 |
| ” | ” 20. | Letter written from Urbino detailing the sack | 429 |
| ” | ” 24. | Despatch to Charles V. detailing it | 433 |
| ” | July 9. | Letter of Duke Francesco Maria I. justifying himself to the Signory of Venice | 444 |
| 1525-1527. | Castiglione's negotiations at the Court of Madrid | 448 | |
| 1571. | Don John of Austria's armado at Lepanto | 452 | |
| 1666. | Indulgences belonging to a Corona | 456 | |
| 1442. | Monumental inscription to Count Guidantonio | 458 | |
| 1444. | To Duke Oddantonio | 459 | |
| 1482. | To Duke Federigo | 459 | |
| 1508. | To Duke Guidobaldo I. | 459 | |
| 1538. | To Duke Francesco Maria I. | 460 | |
| 1574. | To Duke Guidobaldo II. | 460 | |
| 1602. | To Duchess Vittoria | 460 | |
| 1578. | To Cardinal Giulio della Rovere | 461 | |
| 1523. | To Prince Federigo | 461 | |
| 1531. | To Duke Francesco Maria II. | 461 | |
| 1632. | To Princess Lavinia della Rovere | 462 | |
| Statistics of Urbino | 463 | ||
| Revenues of the Duchy | 464 | ||
| Its population | 466 | ||
| Pietro Aretino's Sonnets on Titian's portraits of Duke Francesco Maria I. and the Duchess Leonora | 470 | ||
| Petition to Guidobaldo II. from the majolica makers of Pesaro | 472 | ||
| Letters from the Archbishop of Urbino to Cardinal Giulio della Rovere concerning a service of majolica | 474 | ||
| List of pieces | 475 | ||
| Collection of art made by the Dukes of Urbino | 476 | ||
| Pelli's list | 478 | ||
| Venturi's list | 485 | ||
| The Pesaro list | 488 | ||