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Military Manners and Customs

Chapter 21: INDEX.
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About This Book

The author surveys the customs, laws, and moral questions surrounding warfare in European history, tracing the evolution of weapons, siege and naval practices, and rules about prisoners, reprisals, and neutrality. He examines legal efforts such as 19th-century international declarations and conferences alongside medieval chivalric conduct and privateering, contrasting formal codes with brutal practice. Chapters discuss the treatment of surrendered garrisons, spies, and non-combatants; the introduction and reception of new weapons; and the motives and economics of war. Throughout, attention is given to the human and ethical dimensions of military ritual and etiquette, illustrated by historical examples and legal debates.

INDEX.

  • Achæan, curious mode of warfare, 131
  • Alexander II. of Russia, 3, 10
  • Armed neutrality, the, 86
  • Armour, 55, 224
  • Ashantee battle song, 86
  • Balloonists in war, 148
  • Battles, allusions to:
  • Agincourt, 201, 262
  • Bouvines, 194
  • Camperdown, 80
  • Crecy, 9, 54
  • Dover, 84
  • Musselborough, 56
  • Navarette, 59
  • Neerwinden, 6
  • Nicopoli, 56
  • Nile, 81
  • Otterbourne, 196
  • Pavia, 141
  • Poitiers, 207
  • Tel-el-Kebir, 253
  • Bearskin hats, 223, 224
  • Becon, Thomas, on military service in the sixteenth century, 208
  • Bishops in war, 35, 52-3, 193-8, 261
  • Blinding of prisoners, 42-3
  • Blockade, effective, 92
  • Bloodhounds used in war, 171-2
  • Bombardment, theory and practice of, 12, 15, 17, 106, 116
  • Bounties for scalps, 156
  • Brigand, meaning of, 57
  • Britons, love for military life, 156
  • Brussels Conference on laws of war, 10, 94, 95, 105, 123, 130, 141-6-7-8, 158
  • Bullinger, limits to right of military service, 208, 263
  • Cannons, 5
  • Cannon-shot oath, 130
  • Capitulations, 100-1
  • Chain-shot, 6
  • Chivalry, age of, 32
  • Church, influence of, on war, 52, 185-193, 204-16, 252
  • Churches, destruction of, 48
  • Church parade, 219
  • Cities, fate of, in war:
  • Amiens, surprise of, 148
  • Badajoz, storming of, 27
  • Barcelona, siege of, 138
  • Brescia, storming of, 103
  • Calais, siege of, 44
  • Constantine, storming of, 27
  • Copenhagen, bombardment of, 15, 268
  • Dinant, storming of, 102
  • Gaza, storming of, 107
  • Grammont, massacre at, 35
  • Gravelines, massacre at, 36
  • Haarlem, siege of, 97
  • Liège, storming of, 102
  • Limoges, massacre at, 37
  • Londonderry, siege of, 197-8
  • Magdeburg, massacre at, 27, 112
  • Malta, siege of, 97
  • Meaux, surrender of, 45, 101
  • Mirandola, siege of, 197
  • Oudenarde, siege of, 47
  • Pekin, English at, 237
  • Persepolis, burning of, 108
  • Poitiers, massacre at, 34
  • Rome, sack of, 103
  • Rouen, surrender of, 47, 101
  • San Sebastian, storming of, 28
  • Strasburg, bombardment of 15, 17, 106
  • Terouanne, destruction of, 137
  • Thebes, sack of, 103
  • Toledo, siege of, 42
  • Tyre, siege of, 108
  • Ulm, surprise of, 149
  • Washington, English in, 16
  • Conference stratagem, 136
  • Conscription, the, 242-8
  • Consecration of banners, 201
  • Contraband, 88
  • Contributions, military, 20, 118
  • Costume, military, 222-3
  • Crossbow, 4, 133
  • Cruelty and courage, 110
  • Custom of war, character of, 186, 210
  • Decimation, story of, 222
  • Declaration of Paris, 73, 78, 86-9
  • Declaration of St. Petersburg, 2, 3, 81
  • Declaration of war, 19, 198
  • Desertion, 230-1
  • Discipline, 7, 218, 234, 236
  • Dress, philosophy of military, 229
  • Duty, 74, 121, 264
  • Embargoes, 89
  • Explosive bullets, 1-2, 81
  • False flag, stratagem of the, 128-130
  • False information in war, 152
  • Fecials, Roman, 271
  • Firearms, feeling against, 5, 226
  • Fireships, 84-5
  • Flogging, 234-5
  • Forged despatches, 151
  • Free Companies, 60, 260
  • Free ships, free goods, 87
  • Fruit-trees, 16, 17, 47, 161
  • Germans, the, in war, 40, 106, 115-9
  • Greek fire, 83-4
  • Grenadiers, 223
  • Hanging in war, 44-7
  • Honour, variable notions of, 155-6, 267
  • Hostages, taking of, revived, 117
  • Innocent III., 206
  • Invention of the bayonet, 6
  • Jomini, Baron, President of Brussels Conference, 95
  • Julius II., story of, 196
  • Jus Angariæ, 90
  • Justice in war, 208, 258-9, 271, 273-80
  • Khonds, theory of war, 203
  • Kidnapping soldiers in Germany, 241
  • Kissing the earth, custom of, 201
  • Lateran Council, Third, 4
  • Laws of war among savages, 159
  • Lent, observation of, in war, 51, 205
  • Leo the Great, 204
  • Letters of marque, 74, 78
  • Letters, military contempt for, 156
  • Limoges, Council of, 203
  • Loha Pennu, an Indian war-god, 203
  • Macedonian warfare, 133
  • Magic, use of, in war, 199
  • Malingering, 231-4
  • Marriage, restrictions on, 218-9
  • Mercenary service, 260-3
  • Military cant, 21, 105-6, 118, 163
  • — vandalism, 16, 48, 163, 237
  • Missionaries, 176-182
  • — failure of, 177
  • — legal control of, 181
  • Missionaries, Norwegian, in Zululand, 179
  • Mission stations destroyed, 180
  • Mozley, Canon, on war, 212
  • Musket, 5, 133
  • Mutiny Act, first, 265
  • Names of weapons, 200
  • Neutral ships and property, 86
  • Night attacks, 133
  • Numbers slain in war, 8-10
  • Oath, military, 264-5
  • Oath by cannon-shot, 130
  • Ophthalmia, artificial, 233
  • Palatinate, devastation of the, 17, 267
  • Pay, soldiers’, 239, 261
  • Perfidy, cases of, 135
  • Perjury, cases of, 139
  • Perpetual peace, Von Moltke on, 119
  • Piracy, 67-70, 255
  • Plunder of property at sea, 67-70
  • Plunder of property on land, 61-3, 66, 118
  • Poison, use of, in war, 13, 14, 172-3
  • Poisoning the air, 49
  • Poisoning water, 14, 29
  • Press, influence of, in war, 112, 177, 182, 253
  • Prisoners, treatment of, 17, 18, 40, 85, 99, 113
  • Prisoners, beheaded, 97, 106
  • — blinded, 43
  • — burnt, 103, 111
  • — drowned, 101-2-6
  • — hung, 46, 101-3
  • — maimed, 43, 103
  • — massacred, 41, 111
  • — tortured, 194
  • Privateering, 70-9
  • — Lord Nelson on, 77
  • Prizes and prize-money, 70
  • Prize Court, 76
  • Punishments, military, 221-6
  • Purificatory battle rites, 250
  • Pursers on privateers, 76
  • Recruiting, difficulty of, 240
  • — former system of, in France and Germany, 241
  • Red, the military colour, 223
  • Red-hot shot, 5, 83
  • Reprisals, 93-118
  • — savage German, 117-8
  • Right of search, 88
  • Right of wreck, 89
  • Roman warfare, 114, 132, 271-2
  • Sacred buildings in war, 16, 48-9
  • Sea battles, 80, 83
  • Scalping enemies, 170
  • Sentry-go, 229
  • Slavery, influence of its cessation on war, 112
  • Socialism, chief cause of, 245-8
  • Soldiers of mark:
  • Alaric, 204
  • Alexander the Great, 107-10, 133
  • Barbarossa, 100
  • Bayard, 6, 57, 149, 151, 165, 201, 226, 273
  • Bertrand du Guesclin, 40-1, 44
  • Black Prince, the, 37, 59
  • Blücher, 16, 17
  • Cæsar, 98, 156, 169, 272
  • Catinat, 145
  • Chandos, Sir John, 55
  • Charles of Anjou, 100
  • Charles the Bold, 111
  • Charles XII. of Sweden, 133, 226
  • Crillon, 22, 73, 243
  • Custine, 145
  • David, king of the Jews, 111, 251
  • David I. of Scotland, 111
  • Des Adretz, 111
  • Edward I., 106
  • Edward III., 44
  • Eugene, Prince, 149
  • Feuquières, 97, 138, 149
  • Francis I., 140
  • Francis de Vere, 104
  • Frederick the Great, 16, 142
  • Genseric, 205
  • Godfrey de Bouillon, 100
  • Gustavus Adolphus, 19-20, 22, 221
  • Henri Quatre, 30
  • Henry V., 101
  • Keppel, Admiral, 270
  • Manny, Sir Walter, 44, 57
  • Maurice, Prince, 150
  • Montluc, 107, 121, 133, 137, 145, 156
  • Moltke, 119
  • Orange, Prince of, 152
  • Parma, Prince of, 146
  • Pélissier, 165
  • Peterborough, Lord, 138
  • Pyrrhus, 157
  • Richard I., 111, 195
  • Saxe, Marshal, 226
  • Scipio, 146
  • Sertorius, 143, 145
  • Sully, 30
  • Suwarrow, 238
  • Wellington, Duke of, 20, 236
  • Wolseley, Lord, 143-4, 151, 244
  • Xerxes, 47, 99, 146
  • Spaniards in war, 40, 42, 97, 167-9, 200
  • Spies, 141-8
  • Vattel on, 141
  • Frederick the Great on, 142
  • Lord Wolseley on, 143-4
  • Storming cities, 27, 238
  • Surprises, 148-9
  • Surrender at discretion, 45, 100, 123
  • Ternate, island of, 131
  • Torpedoes, first use of, 5
  • — introduced into European warfare, 85
  • Treatise on Tactics by Leo VI., 83
  • Truce of God, 205
  • War, real character of, 27, 186, 210
  • Wars, abolition of private, 205, 227
  • Weapons, 50
  • Women, imprisoned in war, 38
  • Women and children, slaughter of, 23, 33-8, 117
  • Women as soldiers, 242
  • Writers, &c.:
  • Arrian, 109
  • Bluntschli, 127
  • Bynkershoeck, 14, 127
  • Cicero, 114, 126
  • Descartes, 254
  • Dobritzhoffer, 160
  • Emerigon, 73
  • Erasmus, 186, 244
  • Froissart, 23
  • Frontinus, 134
  • Grotius, 14, 17, 23, 126, 187, 256, 258, 273
  • Hallam, 32, 50
  • Hautefeuille, 67
  • Kant, 23, 30
  • Las Casas, 167
  • Molloy, 77
  • Origen, 190
  • Palmerston, Lord, 227
  • Penn, 173
  • Polyænus, 135
  • Quintus Curtius, 109
  • St. Pierre, Abbé, 30
  • Sepulveda, 167
  • Tertullian, 189
  • Turner, Sir James, 259
  • Valin, 73
  • Vattel, 14, 18, 21, 73, 104-5, 139, 141, 266
  • Vauban, 15
  • Victor Hugo, 252
  • Voltaire, 210, 267-8
  • Whewell, 67
  • Wycliffe, 193
  • Zwingli, 263

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