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Mind and Hand: Manual Training the Chief Factor in Education

Chapter 36: APPENDIX
By Charles H. Ham
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About This Book

The author argues that education should unite intellectual development and practical skill by teaching manual arts alongside academic subjects, presenting tools and workmanship as central civilizing forces. He traces philosophical and historical foundations for this claim, challenges exclusive reliance on classical educational models, and supports his analysis with citations to authorities. Practical pedagogy occupies much of the discussion, with descriptions of manual-training methods, calls for workshop-centered curricula, and advocacy for the co-education of sexes in hands-on instruction. The work also compiles statistical material and an appendix documenting the diffusion of manual-training programs and recommends institutional reforms to cultivate invention, industry, and useful habits in students.

APPENDIX

STATISTICS.—MANUAL TRAINING, 1883-1898, IN THE UNITED STATES

MANUAL TRAINING IN PUBLIC HIGH-SCHOOLS

Name
of
School		 City
or
Town		 State Manual
Training
Estab-
lished		 Teachers
of
Manual
Training		 Pupils
Taking
Manual
Training
High-school Peru Ill. 1883 2 41
Polytechnic High-school Baltimore Md. 1883 16 674
High-school Eau Claire Wis. 1884 1 50
Central Manual-training School Philadelphia Penn. 1885 13 406
Industrial Training High-school Indianapolis Ind. 1885 10 676
Rochester Free Academy Rochester N. Y. 1885 .. 908
High-school Toledo Ohio 1885 11 394
Central Manual-training School Cleveland Ohio 1885 4 200
Central High-school Washington D. C. 1886 .. 235
Manual-training High-school New Haven Conn. 1886 13 ..
Manual-training School Springfield Mass. 1886 3 34
High-school Minneapolis Minn. 1886 4 375
Newburg Free Academy Newburg N. Y. 1886 2 133
Manual-training School Galesburg Ill. 1887 1 74
High-school St. Paul Minn. 1887 5 350
Manual-training High-school Stillwater Minn. 1887 1 12
High-school Jamestown N. Y. 1887 1 48
Central High-school Easton Del. 1888 .. ..
High-school Easton Md. 1888 .. ..
Ridge Manual-training School Cambridge Mass. 1888 9 178
High-school Concord N. H. 1888 4 52
Orange High-school Orange N. J. 1888 3 180
High-school Albany N. Y. 1888 3 750
Dist. 20 Central High-school Pueblo Col. 1889 1 160
Manual-training High-school Davenport Iowa 1889 1 82
West Des Moines High-school Des Moines Iowa 1889 1 50
Manual-training High-school Fall River Mass. 1889 1 62
High-school Duluth Minn. 1889 2 80
High school Omaha Neb. 1889 .. 100
High-school Union N. J. 1889 3 200
High-school Westchester Penn. 1889 4 240
English High and Manual-training School Chicago Ill. 1890 17 430
Manual-training High-school Louisville Ky. 1890 13 212
Approved High-school Vineland N. J. 1890 1 150
High-school Passaic N. J. 1890 2 53
High-school South Orange N. J. 1890 1 150
West Manual-training School Cleveland Ohio 1890 3 100
East and West High-schools Milwaukee Wis. 1890 4 144
Norwich Free Academy Norwich Conn. 1891 1 33
High-school Waterbury Conn. 1891 1 ..
High-school Springfield Ill. 1891 1 20
Moline High-school Moline Ill. 1891 1 47
Manual training High-school Waltham Mass. 1891 2 18
High-school Bay City Mich. 1891 [120] [120]
Ridgewood High-school Ridgewood N. J. 1891 3 35
Manual training High-school Camden N. J 1891 3 150
Manual training High-school Seattle Wash. 1891 2 70
High-school Menominee Wis. 1891 5 103
High-school Bristol Conn. 1892 1 30
Willard Hall High-school Wilmington Del. 1892 3 210
Fremont Manual-training School Fremont Ohio 1892 1 50
North East Manual-training School Philadelphia Penn. 1892 9 369
High-school Norristown Penn. 1892 2 290
Manual-training High-school Providence R. I. 1892 18 280
High-school Spokane Wash. 1892 3 85
Polytechnical High-school San Francisco Cal. 1893 4 250
Manual-training High-school Mason City Iowa 1893 1 125
High-school Manchester N. H. 1893 1 12
High-school Atlantic City N. J. 1893 1 235
East Orange High-school East Orange N. J. 1893 3 125
Manual-training High-school Denver Col. 1894 .. 400
High-school Frankfort Ky. 1894 2 100
Mechanics Arts High-school Boston Mass. 1894 11 324
Manual-training High-school Brooklyn N. Y. 1894 .. 800
Washington High-school Washington Penn. 1894 .. 27
Townsend Industrial School Newport R. I. 1894 2 26
Ryan High-school Appleton Wis. 1894 1 26
Manual-training School Lowell Mass. 1895 2 50
English High-school Somerville Mass. 1895 2 75
English and Classical High-school Worcester Mass. 1895 4 283
High-school Medford Mass. 1895 2 20
English High-school Lynn Mass. 1895 3 72
High-school Lawrence Mass. 1895 1 33
Royen High-school Youngstown Ohio 1895 1 200
High-school Fitchburg Mass. 1895 .. ..
High-school Burlington Wis. 1896 .. ..
High-school Los Angeles Cal. 1896 6 315
High-school Rockford Ill. 1896 1 27
High-school Florence Wis. 1896 2 36
Brookline High-school Brookline Mass. 1896 1 50
High-school Janesville Wis. 1896 .. ..
High-school Malden Mass. 1896 2 60
Hackley Manual-training School Muskegon Mich. 1896 4 350
Ishpeming Manual-training School Ishpeming Mich. 1896 1 75
Menominee Manual-training School Menominee Mich. 1896 1 25
High-school Summit N. J. 1896 1 40
Barlow School of Industrial Art Binghamton N. Y. 1896 3 173
High-school Syracuse N. Y. 1896 .. 50
High-school Akron Ohio 1896 2 180
Cross Creek School Washington Penn. 1896 .. 14
High-school Waupaca Wis. 1897 1 16
High-school Winnetka Ill. 1897 1 16
High-school Fond du Lac Wis. 1897 1 50
Manual-training High-school Kansas City Mo. 1897 27 800
High-school Oshkosh Wis. 1897 3 250
Central and Martin Park High-schools Buffalo N. Y. 1897 1 50
High-school Mayville Wis. 1897 1 30
High-school Red Bank N. J. 1897 1 375
High-school Hartford Conn. 1898 4 140
Manual-training High school Newark N. J. 1898 .. ..
Howard School Wilmington Del. [121] 1 45
High-school Iowa City Iowa [121] .. ..
High-school Brockton Mass. [121] .. ..
High-school South Omaha Neb. [121] .. ..
High-school Stamford Conn. [121] .. ..
  101 Cities 23 States   320 15,942

[120] Abandoned temporarily for want of funds.

[121] Date of establishment not reported.

MANUAL TRAINING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS—GRAMMAR GRADES

City
or
Town		 State Manual
Training
Estab-
lished
in
Grammar
Grades		 Separate
Manual-
training
Schools		 Teachers
of
Manual
Training		 Pupils
Taking
Manual
Training
Montclair N. J. 1882 All 4 530
Peru Ill. 1883 2 2 ..
New Haven Conn. 1884 .. .. ..
Jamestown N. Y. 1884 2 2 800
Eau Claire Wis. 1884 1 .. 100
Waltham Mass. 1885 1 2 425
Rochester N. Y. 1885 .. .. 336
Toledo Ohio 1885 11 11 2,257
Washington D. C. 1886 40 43 9,452
Springfield Mass. 1886 1 3 267
Boston Mass. 1886 All 81 37,240
Newburg N. Y. 1886 1 2 95
Tidioute Penn. 1886 .. .. ..
Beardstown Ill. 1887 1 2 ..
Easton Del. 1888 .. .. ..
Brookline Mass. 1888 1 2 525
Winchester Mass. 1888 1 2 408
Concord N. H. 1888 2 4 402
Hoboken N. J. 1888 6 6 1,229
Orange N. J. 1888 5 3 842
New York N. Y. 1888 37 32 10,187
Meadville Penn. 1888 .. 2 263
Wilmington Del. 1889 1 .. 45
Davenport Iowa 1889 1 1 101
Vineland N. J. 1889 All 1 500
Union N. J. 1889 All All 643
St. Louis Mo. 1890 1[122] 8[122] 116[122]
Duluth Minn. 1890 12 25 1,000
Passaic N. J. 1890 .. 2 152
Garfield N. J. 1890 1 2 550
Paterson N. J. 1890 1 1 300
Ridgewood N. J. 1890 .. 4 200
Knoxville Tenn. 1890 .. .. ..
South Orange N. J. 1890 1 1 300
Waterbury Conn. 1891 .. .. ..
Springfield Ill. 1891 1 1 50
Moline Ill. 1891 1 1 279
Salem Mass. 1891 1 1 160
Northampton Mass. 1891 1 1 900
Bay City Mich. 1891 [123] [123] [123]
San Francisco Cal. 1892 3 2 560
St. Paul Minn. 1892 .. 4 2,366
Camden N. J. 1892 .. 4 4,600
Norristown Penn. 1892 2 3 1,430
Providence R. I. 1892 13 .. ..
Menominee Wis. 1892 2 4 200
Bristol Conn. 1893 2 .. 276
Haverhill Mass. 1893 1 1 190
Manistee Mich. 1893 .. .. ..
Minneapolis Minn. 1893 5 5 1,214
St. Cloud Minn. 1893 1 1 150
Manchester N. H. 1893 All 1 196
Bayonne N. J. 1893 All All All
East Orange N. J. 1893 All 2 755
Cleveland Ohio 1893 2 1 3,500
Newport R. I. 1893 .. 4 633
Staunton Va. 1893 .. 1 200
Santa Barbara Cal. 1894 1 2 232
San Diego Cal. 1894 5 1 270
Portland Maine 1894 1 3 900
Medford Mass. 1894 1 2 400
New Bedford Mass 1894 1 1 400
Ithaca N. Y. 1894 2 2 420
Mason City Iowa 1894 1 1 50
Denver Colo. 1895 All .. 2,500
Chicago Ill. 1895 28 32 8,200
Cape May N. J. 1895 All 3 411
Fitchburg Mass. 1895 .. .. ..
Buffalo N. Y. 1895 .. 1 200
Pittsburg Penn. 1895 3 2 400
Barbadoes Township N. J. 1895 3 3 713
Woonsocket R. I. 1895 .. 1 150
Oakland Cal. 1896 1 1 425
Carlstadt N. J. 1896 All 5 240
Los Angeles Cal. 1896 7 .. 2,080
Summit N. J. 1896 3 3 200
Hartford Conn. 1896 All 5 800
Des Moines Iowa 1896 2 2 80
Florence Wis. 1896 1 .. ..
Menominee Mich. 1896 1 1 80
Brooklyn N. Y. 1896 .. .. ..
Glens Falls N. Y. 1896 1 1 60
Utica N. Y. 1896 .. 4 2,300
Akron Ohio 1896 .. 2 210
Washington Penn. 1896 5 3 112
Pueblo Dist. No. 1 Colo. 1897 .. 2 180
Winnetka Ill. 1897 1 1 48
Oshkosh Wis. 1897 25 28 1,400
Indianapolis Ind. 1897 1 2 1,000
North Adams Mass. 1897 1 1 247
Lynn Mass. 1897 1 1 351
Newton Mass. 1897 1 1 135
Worcester Mass. 1897 .. 2 397
Cambridge Mass. 1897 1 2 136
Muskegon Mich. 1897 2 4 700
Kansas City Mo. 1897 .. .. ..
Newark N. J. 1897 .. 3 2,265
Milwaukee Wis. 1897 1 1 15
Pueblo Dist. No. 20 Colo. 1898 .. 2 300
New Britain Conn. 1898 .. .. 190
Peabody Mass. 1898 .. .. ..
Moberly Mo. 1898 .. .. ..
Stockton Cal. [124] .. .. ..
Santa Cruz Cal. [124] .. .. ..
Manchester Conn. [124] .. .. ..
Stamford Conn. [124] .. .. ..
Iowa City Iowa [124] .. .. ..
Augusta Me. [124] .. .. ..
Baltimore Md. [124] All .. All
Hyde Park Mass. [124] 3 3 204
Holyoke Mass. [124] 1 .. ..
Easton Mass. [124] .. .. ..
Fall River Mass. [124] .. .. ..
Dedham Mass. [124] .. .. ..
Malden Mass. [124] .. .. ..
Milton Mass. [124] .. .. ..
Waterbury Mass. [124] .. .. ..
Wellesley Mass. [124] .. .. ..
Canton Mass. [124] .. .. ..
Richmond Va. [124] .. .. ..
119 Cities 24 States   287 444 118,835