Mussolini as revealed in his political speeches (November 1914-August 1923)

INDEX

Abba Garima, 164
Abbazia, Conference of, 269, 271, 278–9, 281
Absolutism, 311
Acerbo, Signor, 310, 343;
- on Electoral Law, 360
Adige, Upper, 109, 111;
- effect of Austro-German union on question of, 125;
- Germans in, 109, 131;
- Fascismo and, 164;
- Italophobia on, 184–7
Adler, Fritz, 98
Admiralty, Fascisti demand the, 174
Adrianople, 241
Adriatic, eastern shore of, 59;
- Sauro and the, 74;
- National Vindications and, 89;
- Zara and the, 257;
- Abbazia Conference, 269
Ægean, Bulgaria’s right to a port on the, 125
Albania, rebels in, 21;
- as a centre of unrest, 125;
- Commercial Agreement with, 283;
- massacre of Italian delegation at Janina, 363
Albertini, Senator, 219–20
Alessio, Signor, 350
Alliance, Austro-German, 12;
- Triple, 22;
- Republican, 101;
- Continental, against England, 231;
- Cavour and Treaty of, with France and England, 351
Alps, the, 60;
- National Vindications and, 89;
- Brenner, 107, 192;
- Julian Alps, 107;
- Dinaric Alps, 120, 127
Alsace, 100
Amalfi, 113
Ambassadors, Conference of, 268
Ambris, Alcesto de, 9
Amendola, 352
America, cables to, xviii;
- intervention of, in the war, 53.
- See also United States
American students, facilities for, in Italy, 335
Ancona, 307
Andreas Hoferbund, 185
Angell, Norman, 11
Angora, National Assembly of, 241;
- Turkish aspirations, 254;
- Allied reply to Government of, 280
Arbatax, malaria in, 356
“Arditi,” 74;
- the Association of, 92
Armenia, oil wells of, 96
Army, Italian, and Fascismo, xii
Arosio, speech 30th March 1923 at, 277
Arpigati, Captain Arturo, 42
Association, of Fighters, 87, 92, 99;
- of Arditi, 92;
- of Volunteers, 92;
- of Garibaldians, 92;
- of Maimed and Disabled, 316
Athens, Fascismo and “eterie” of, ix
Austria, 12;
- Italy and the Austro-German Alliance, 12;
- Austro-German militarism, 16;
- preparations in, against Roumania, 20;
- demand for repudiation of Triple Alliance, 22;
- Republic of, 124;
- dual monarchy, 187, 249;
- Commercial Treaty between Italy and, 284;
- reparations, 295;
- loan to, 299
Austrian Institute, 281
Austro-Hungarian monarchy, 187, 249
Avanti, xvi, 3, 4, 9, 87, 162
Bainsizza, 28
Balbo, Italo, xiii, 310
Baldwin, Mr. Stanley, 296
Balillas, 159, 343
Balkans:
- Balkan zones of Austria-Hungary, 9;
- Roumania, 20;
- Valona, 21, 118;
- Bulgaria, 125;
- seeds of war in, 125;
- Treaty of Rapallo, 125 et seq.;
- Montenegro’s independence, 189 et seq.;
- Turkey’s success at Lausanne, 213
Bandiera brothers, 351
Baracca Cup, 329
Barbarossa, 27
Barcelona, 270
Barzilai, 224
Battisti, Cesare, 48, 89, 134
Bazzi, 69
Bebel, 26
Belgium, martyrdom of, 12, 14;
- neutrality, 23;
- undertaking not to sign separate peace, 19;
- colonies, 90;
- ex-President Wilson and, 189
Belgrade, Fiume and the agreement concluded at, 193
Bellini, Senator, 223
Benedict XV., Palestine and, 194;
- on Ruhr crisis, 345
Bentini, 353
Berchtold, Count, 19, 20
Berne Convention, powers of, respecting international traffic, 270
Bernhardi, von, 26
Bernstein, Edward, and Versailles Treaty, 99
Bersagliere Regt., 11th, Mussolini joins, xvi
Bessarabia, 20
Bezzi, Ergisto, 18, 88
Bianchi, Michele, xiii
Bismarck, 9
Bissolati, Leonida, 158
Black Shirts, Nationalists and, 148;
- revolution of, a force for progress, 208
Bologna:
- speech of 24th May 1918 at, 37;
- speech of 3rd April 1921 at, 134;
- University of, and Montenegrin independence, 191;
- Fascista occupation of, 308
Bolshevism:
- Mussolini saves Italy from, xiv;
- textile workers’ strike, 68;
- failure of, in Italy, 73, 167;
- Mussolini’s fight against, 87, 101;
- Florence under, 103;
- Bolshevist element in Italian Socialism, 116;
- in Trieste, 117, 121;
- of Russia, 129, 147;
- the Bolshevist State and the Liberal State, 139;
- Fascismo and, 166, 179;
- the Italian Bolshevist world, 178;
- Germany’s resistance to influence of, 290;
- Italian losses in crushing, 324;
- freedom of the Press and, 355
Bolzano, xiii, 163–4; 173, 185, 187, 308
Bonacini, Lieut. Mario, murder of, 363
Bono, General Cesare de, xii, xiii, 309, 343
Bordiga, General, 105
Bourbons, 75, 351
Bourgeoisie, Fascismo and the, 165;
- Risorgimento and, 50
Breitemburg, Count, 186
Brenner, the:
- Battisti and, 74;
- Bezzi and, 88;
- Italy in possession of, 107;
- as bulwark against Germany, 110;
- Paduan valley and, 125;
- as Italy’s northern boundary, 136;
- defence of, 184;
- Mussolini’s declaration to German deputies respecting, 188;
- Versailles Treaty and, 293
Brest-Litowsk, Treaty of, 44
Brofferio, Angelo, 351–2
Brussels Conference, 1923, 214
Bucharest, Peace of, 44
Budapest, Danube Confederation and, 124;
- peace of justice, and occupation of, 149, 172
Budget, Italian State, 215, 272–3;
- Communal, 358
Bulgaria, 10, 125, 213;
- reparations, 295, 299;
- coup d’état in, 345
Buozzi, 219
Burian, 20
Cables, conventions relative to, xviii
Cagliari, speech of 12th June 1923 at, 323
Canada, Commercial Treaty with, 214
Cannæ, 288
Capitulations, the, 241, 266
Caporetto, speech after, 30;
- causes of disaster of, 32;
- anti-war demonstrations after, 34;
- national crisis following, 43;
- German calculations after, 45;
- Rapallo and, 126;
- Pact of Rome and, 126;
- Fascismo and, 135;
- discipline of war and, 350
Carabineers, xvii, 359
Caradonna, 310
Carducci, 37
Carli, 99
Carso, 28;
- Italian sentiment for the, 35;
- Corridoni’s death, 48;
- insurrection against Trieste on, 118;
- commemoration ceremony, 120
Carthage, 177
Castelrosso, 280, 302
Castua, 278
Catholicism, Mussolini on, xii
Cattaneo, 53
Cavallotti, 351
Cavazzoni, 252
Caviglia, General, 129
Cavour, Camille, 311;
- Crimean expedition and, 351
Ceccherini, Maj.-General, xii, 310
Central America, cable to, xviii
Central Empires, 9;
- war desired by, 27, 72
Cervantes, 114
Cettinge, 190
Chamber of Deputies, Fascista Government and the, 313
Chiesa, 255
Child, Mr. Richard Washburn, speech at Rome by, 335
Chiusa di Verona, 185
Cicerin, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, Russia, 44
Ciccotti, Ettore, on Italian Fascismo, ix
Cinque Giornate, 28;
- speech before the
monument of, 58;
- Austrian threat to city of, 135
Cipriani, Amilcare, 5
Civil Law Codes, reformation of, xvii
Class struggle, Mussolini on, 285
Clémenceau, 32, 40, 56;
- on concessions in Asia Minor, 96
Clemente, Maj.-General Ozol, 310
Coalition Ministry, 221
Coliseum, 234
Colombino, 359
Colonna di Cesaro, 307
Columbus, Christopher, 50
Commerce, Chambers of, International Congress of, 274 et seq.
Commercial Treaty:
- with Switzerland, 212;
- with Canada, 214;
- with France, 265;
- with Yugoslavia, 271, 282;
- with Austria, 281
Committee of Understanding and Action, 93
Committee of Wounded and Disabled Soldiers, 51
Communes, Italian, ix
Communism, x, 116, 334
Comunale, Bologna, speech at the, 37
Constantine, King, 125
Constitution, the, and the Government, 361
Contadini, adherents of Fascismo, 316
Conti, Senator, 219
Continental alliance. See under Alliance
Convention, of Washington, 243, 251;
- for Italo-American cables, 245
Corriere della Sera, 163–4
Corridoni Club, 92
Corridoni, Filippo, 48, 59, 71, 88
Corsica, Italians of, 137
Corti, Major Luigi, murder of, 363
Cremona, speech at, 25th Sept. 1922, 158
Crespi, Senator, 161, 258
Crimea, expedition to the, 351
Crispi, Francesco, 108 n.
Cucco, 28
Cuno-Rosenberg Memorandum, 295
Curtatone, 289
Cyrus, 38
Czechoslovakia, Italy’s relations with, 213
Dabormida, General, 351
Dalmatia:
- Rismondo on, 74;
- National Vindications and, 89;
- Italian minorities of, 96;
- and the victory of Vittorio Veneto, 107;
- Croats of, 118;
- Treaty of Rapallo, 125, 262;
- education of Italians of, 131;
- care of Italian
residents, 132;
- sufferings of Italians in, 136;
- Italian unity and, 144;
- betrayed, 171, 192;
- Santa Margherita Agreements, 247, 256, 260–1
Dalmine, speech 20th March 1919 at, 63
Dante, 60, 77, 114, 133
D’Annunzio, 77, 114;
- Mussolini at Fiume with, 103;
- proclamation to the Croats, 104;
- legionary occupation of Fiume, 119, 192;
- the Fiume tragedy, 128–9, 141
Danube Confederation, 124
Danubian States, economic settlement of, 300
D’Aragona, Ludovico, 359
Dardanelles, 214, 241
Death duties, xvii
De Bono, Cesare. See Bono, de, General Cesare
Debt, national, xviii;
- Italian war, 259
Debt funding agreement, Anglo-American, 259, 296
Debts, inter-allied, and reparations, 294
Deffenu, 88
Del Croix, Carlo, 129
Delegation, Italian massacre of, at Janina, 363
Delta, the, 193, 262, 278
Democracy, meaning of, 36;
- syndicalism and, 148;
- Fascismo and, 167–8, 176;
- and suffrage, 355
Democrats, 92
De Nicola, President of the Chamber, 362
Deutscher Verband, 185–7
Deutschland über Alles, 21
Diaz, General, 343
Dictatorship, proletariat and a, 349
Dinaric Alps, 120, 127
Diplomatic and consular services, 305
Dock-workers, Fascisti, 82
“Dolomites of Italian Thought,” the, 114
Dortmund, 235
Dumas, 353
Dunkirk, attack on, 19
Eastern Mediterranean. See under Mediterranean
Economic policy, 274
Economy, Ministry of National, xvii
Edvige, xvi
Eight Hours Day Bill, xvii, 198, 354
Electoral Reform, xvii, 101, 165, 314, 347, 359–60, 362
Elementary schools, religious instruction in, xii
Emigration, 341
Employers and employed, co-operation between, 285
Eneo, 262
England, Russian expectation of financial aid from, 19;
- Italian confidence in, 46;
- D’Annunzio’s coup at Fiume and, 104;
- mandate in Palestine, 194–5;
- continental alliance against, 231
Entente, the:
- French and British soldiers at the Piave battle, 59;
- Italy’s position and, 211–12;
- the Ruhr advance and, 230;
- Greco-Turkish affairs and, 254;
- continued existence of, 259
Entente, Little, 124, 238, 240, 300, 345
d’Esperey, Franchet, 189
Esthonia, xviii, 283
Etna, eruption of, 331
Europe, economic system of, 275
Exchanges, European, 345
Ex-soldiers, blind, 277;
- National Association of, 316
Facta, Signor, 165, 267
Fara, Gustavo, General, xii, 310
Farinacci, Roberto, 158
Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, 103, 328
Fascio of Fighters, 92;
- demands of, 132
Fascio Nazionale dei Combattenti, x
Fascismo:
- part of general historical development of nations, ix;
- rise of, x;
- and the Army, xii;
- “March to Rome,” xii;
- progress of, xiii;
- Mussolini summoned to form cabinet, xiii;
- official song of, xiv;
- symbol, xv;
- syndicalism of, 63, 177;
- aims and programme of, 92, 150;
- tasks of, 108 et seq.;
- patriotism of, 112;
- sincerity of, 114;
- not conservative, 115;
- Communism and, 116, 196;
- attitude of, towards Socialism, 116, 196 et seq.;
- demagogism and, 119;
- problems of foreign policy, 121 et seq., 149 et seq.;
- attitude towards the peace treaties, 124;
- demands of Italian Fascio of Fighters in matters of foreign policy, 132;
- birth of, 135;
- imperialism of, 136;
- not essentially violent, 138, 156;
- in the Socialist crisis of 1921, 139;
- attitude in the 1921 elections, 139;
- Fascista Day, 141;
- and the Monarchy, xi, 152;
- the Fascista revolution, 154;
- attitude of, towards State economic attributes, 155;
- and the bourgeoisie, 165;
- and the proletariat, 165;
- and democracy,
176–7;
- and the New Provinces, 183;
- demands regarding the Upper Adige, 187;
- attitude towards the Popular Party, 201 et seq.;
- and the Vatican, 201–3;
- and Social Democrats, 203;
- military organisation of, xv, 223;
- domestic policy, 215;
- emigration and, 215;
- foreign policy, 251;
- Yugoslavian policy, 253;
- women of, 286;
- attempt to sever Mussolini from, 287;
- strength and adherents of, 316;
- associations included in, 316;
- Sardinia and, 324;
- Parliament and, 357;
- not a transitory phenomenon, 357;
- an organ of administration, 358;
- liberty, not licence, under, 358;
- and the constitution, 361
Fascista Council, Great, xv, 232–3, 314
Fascista Government, work of, xvii;
- beginnings of, 163–4, 173;
- “Government of speed,” 234;
- policy respecting Fiume and Zara, 256;
- foreign policy, 265, 293 et seq.
Fascista Party, National, xiv;
- military organisation, xv;
- numbers and adherents, 316
Fascista revolt, 76
Fascista State, 169, 173
Federation, of Labour, General, 106, 110;
- of Seamen, 106
Federzoni, Signor, 190, 192
Fera, Signor, ex-Minister of Justice, 362
Ferrara, speech of 4th April 1921 at, 75
Ferrari, Giuseppe, 78
Ferrarin, 133, 285
Ferrario, General, 192
Fiat factory, 349
Fighters, National Association of, 87, 92, 99;
- Fascio, 92
Finance, Ministry of, 272–3
Finland, xviii, 283
Finzi, 310
Fiume, 53, 74;
- National Vindications and, 89;
- Tardieu and, 96;
- Mussolini visits D’Annunzio at, 103;
- international relations and D’Annunzio’s occupation of, 104;
- Italian acquisition of, 111;
- Hungary and, 125;
- the tragedy of, 128;
- the war between General Caviglia and, 129;
- the Fascio of, 131;
- economic annexation of, demanded by the Fascisti, 132;
- sympathy of Fascista for, 136;
- Italian unity and, 144;
- General Ferrario, 192;
- the Belgrade Agreement, 193;
- Agreements of Santa Margherita and, 248;
- Arbitration Commission, 262;
- Abbazia Conference,
278–9;
- difficulties of Yugoslav Government, 301;
- representations to Belgrade, 346
Florence, speech 9th Oct. 1919 at, 103;
- speeches 19th June 1923 at, 328–9;
- of the Middle Ages, 113
Foreign Affairs, Ministry of, Fascisti demand, 174
Foreign policy, 121, 132, 149, 251, 278, 293, 345
Forli, xvi
Forum, the, 234
France:
- Italy’s neutrality in 1914, 12;
- undertaking not to conclude a separate peace, 19;
- heroism of, 45;
- attitude of, towards Fiume question, 104
Franche-Comté, 21
Frankfurt, Treaty of, 9
Frankfurter Zeitung, 21
Freedom of the Press, 353, 355
Freemasonry, 201, 314, 318
Galassi, Angelico, 201
Galicia, 20;
- Eastern, 280
Galileo, 77, 114
Gandolfo, General, 309
Garibaldi, 14, 27, 77, 114, 134;
- “red shirts” of, 145;
- Piedmont and, 352;
- and Dumas, 353
Gasparri, Cardinal, 345
Gay, Harry Nelson, 335
Geneva, Protocol of;
- loan to Austria, 299;
- territorial integrity of Austria, 300
Genoa, 113, 311
Gentile, Senator, xii
George V., King of England, visit of, 304
Georgia, 133
Germany:
- Italy’s neutrality between Triple Entente and Austro-German Alliance, 12;
- dependence on Austria, 20;
- and Belgium, 22;
- Prussian militarism, 23, 60;
- “Wilsonites” in, 54;
- imperialist, doomed, 60;
- war desired by, 72;
- reparations problem, 124;
- Upper Adige question and, 125;
- resistance in the Ruhr, 240;
- reparations, 294
Gioberti, 261
Giolitti, revelations of, 12;
- adherents of, in upper bureaucracy, 106;
- Italian intervention in the war and the followers of, 107;
- attitude towards Upper Adige question, 188;
- congratulates Mussolini, 362
Giordani, Giulio, 134
“Giovinezza” (Youth), xiv
Giulietti, Captain, 104
Giuriati, 310
Giustizia, La, 315
Goethe, 114
Gorizia, 48;
- Italophobia in, 184
Grappa, 120
Graziadei, Antonio, 196–7
Graziani, General, xii
Greco-Albanian frontier, massacre of the Italian delegation for delimitation of the, 363
Greece, 10;
- Italian relations with, under Fascista Government, 212;
- Italian note to, respecting Janina massacre, 363–4
Grodno, 123
Gronchi, speech on Electoral Reform by, 348
Guardie Regie, abolition of, xvii
Guesde on Socialist nations, 14
Guglielmotti, Maj.-General, 310
Hapsburg, House of, domination of, prevented by the war, 89;
- war let loose by, 100;
- attempt of, to present navy to Yugoslavs, 126;
- Upper Adige and, 185, 187
Harden on Germany’s desire for war, 26
Harding, President, 279
Heraclea coal mines, 96
Hermada, 48
High Commissioners, 315
Hindenburg, 36
Hohenzollerns, the Germany of the, 26, 36;
- passing of militarism with the, 60;
- domination of, prevented by the war, 89;
- Socialists and the, 99;
- war let loose by the, 100
Holland, colonies of, 90
Hungary:
- preparations against Roumania, 20;
- Fiume and, 125;
- Popular Party and, 201;
- economic relations with, 213;
- reparations, 295, 298.
- See also Austro-Hungarian monarchy
Iglesias, speech 13th June 1923 at, 326
Immigration Bill, 341
Imperial Italy, 292
Indipendente, 354
Inter-allied debts, 294, 346
Internal policy, 306 et seq.
“Internationals,” German, 26
Internationalism, 11
Islam, situation in, 213
Isonzo, fording of the Upper, 31;
- Caporetto and the, 32;
- Italian sacrifices beyond the, 48;
- destruction of the Hapsburg empire, 107;
- obligation of Italy to pass the, 111;
- Yugoslav
boundaries and the, 127;
- Italian army’s advance towards, 172
Ismet Pasha, 266
Istria, Slavs in, 131;
- Fascisti from, 171
Italian-Croat brotherhood, 104
Italian Proletariat, Assizes of the, 105
Italo-American Association, 336
Italo-American Society, 342
Italo-Russian Agreement, 303
Italo-Ukraine Agreement, 303
Italo-Yugoslav Commission, 301
Italy:
- Socialist Party, 3, 23, 93;
- Triple Alliance, 22;
- no ground for remaining neutral, 23;
- Battisti, Sauro and Rismondo on destinies of, 74;
- and the Brenner, 74;
- and the Adriatic, 74;
- and Dalmatia, 74;
- Socialist Union, 92;
- Liberal leaders out of touch with, 165;
- Monarchy of, 176;
- Convention with Montenegro, 190;
- agreements with Yugoslavia, 251;
- universities of, 291;
- position of, respecting reparations, 294;
- War Loan and credits to Austria, 299;
- relations with Russia, 303;
- relations with United States, 304;
- Crimean expedition and the unity of, 351
Jaffa, Conference of, 195
Janina, 363
Japan, conflict between U.S. and, 121–2
Jerusalem, conquest of, 100;
- Polish immigrants, 195
Jews:
- English mandate in Palestine, 194 et seq.;
- sacrifices by Italian Jews in the war, 195
Journalism, Parliamentarism and, 313
Judiciary Circuits, 314
Jugoslavia. See Yugoslavia
Kaiser, the, 66
Kemal, Mustapha, 150, 189, 266
Kerensky, 33
Klopstock, 114
Labour, Asiatic Utopia and, 82
Labour, General Confederation of, 106, 110;
- Fascisti demand Ministry of, 174
Labriola, 348–9, 352
Lansing, Mr., on Dalmatian question, 96
Larussa, order of the day on Electoral Reform proposed by, 362
Lausanne Conference, recognition of Turkey’s successes by, 213;
- safeguarding of European and Christian interests by, 213;
- Russian representation at, 214;
- Italian delegation, 232, 241, 254;
- Ruhr and, 241;
- Turkey’s legitimate rights, 241;
- questions of the Straits and of capitulation, 241;
- Angora Government and, 266;
- Turks invited to new, 279;
- cession of Castelrosso, 302;
- Treaty of Lausanne, 345
Law, Mr. Bonar, proposals of, at Conference of Paris, 230, 295.
Lazzari, Constantino, on Election Law, 360
League of Nations, the:
- disabled Italian soldiers and, 52;
- ex-Pres. Wilson and, 52–4;
- no substitute for victory, 54–5;
- Germany and, 55;
- Renan’s prediction falsified, 55–6;
- Internationalism, 56;
- difficulties in establishing, 56;
- dream of, founded on ruins of the old world, 60;
- Fascismo and, 132;
- Palestine mandate and, 195;
- Polish-Lithuanian boundaries, 268
League, National, 343
Legnano, 27, 45
Lenin, effect of gospel of, on Italy’s working classes, ix;
- results in Russia of gospel of, 44;
- and Tuscany, 103;
- Bolshevism of, preferable to other forms, 129;
- Milan and, 136;
- an ally of Kemal, 189;
- production and the Communism of, 196;
- reactionary policy of, 199
Lerici, Mayor of, 163
Lettonia, 133, 283
Levanto, Fascista programme described at, 150
Liberal State, the:
- weakness of, 154;
- superiority of Fascista State over, 163;
- devoid of spirit, 165;
- necessity for broadening, 175
Liberticidal Government, 354–7
Liberty, 358
Libyan subjects, 303
Lithuania, commercial treaty with, xviii, 283;
- Wilna question and, 123;
- rights of, to Memel, 242, 268;
- Polish-Lithuanian boundaries, 268
Little Entente. See Entente, Little
Lombardy, iron foundries of, 79;
- Fascismo in, 356
Lombroso’s classification of men, 54
London:
- Treaty of (1915), 189;
- Mussolini’s speech, 12 Dec. 1922 in, 227;
- Ruhr advance and Italian memorandum of, 231, 238, 346;
- Italian foreign policy at, 254;
- Inter-allied meeting at, on draft Peace Treaty with Turkey, 279
Lorenzino dei Medici, 291
Lorraine, reconquest of, 100
Lotta di classe, La, 3
Lucci on Mussolini’s foreign policy, 253
Ludendorff, 36
Lupi, Dario, xii
Macedonia, Bulgaria’s right to, 125
Machiavelli, 38
Maeterlinck, 38–9
Maltoni, Rosa, xvi
Manzoni, Alexandro, 313
Marconi, 133
Margherita, Santa, Agreements of. See Santa Margherita
Marx, Karl, 24, 27, 197, 359
Materialism, Mussolini on, 290
Mazzini, 53, 77;
- Socialism of, 78;
- the Risorgimento, 145;
- advocate of Republicanism, 153;
- on power, 288;
- Democracy and, 351;
- Crimea expedition and, 352
Medals, 309
Mediterranean, compensation in, for loss of Sebenico, 96;
- Socialists and the, 115;
- a centre of world civilisation, 122;
- Italian policy in Eastern, 125;
- Italy as leading power on the, 141–2, 150;
- Italian losses in, 211;
- Greco-Turkish affairs in Eastern, 254;
- Italian interests in Eastern, 302
Melloni, 161
Memel, 241–2, 268
Memorandum of London. See London
Menotti Serrati, Giacinto, 9
Merano, commissioner of, and Upper Adige, 186
Merrheim, 94
Messina, 356
Metallurgic Consortium, Italian, 359
Metz, 53
Michael, Grand Duke, 33
Michelangelo, 114
Milan, Mussolini’s speeches at:
- 25th Nov. 1914, 3;
- 25th Jan. 1915, 18;
- 8th April 1918, 49;
- 20th Oct. 1918, 52;
- 11th Nov. 1918, 58;
- 23rd March 1919, 87;
- 22nd July 1919, 92;
- 5th Feb. 1920, 67;
- 24th May 1920, 71;
- 6th Oct. 1922, 161;
- 6th Dec. 1922, 79;
- 29th March 1923, 276;
- 30th March 1923, 277
Militarism, Austro-German, 16.
- See also under Germany
Militia, National, xvii, 309
Miliukoff, 33
Mincio, the, 111
Ministerial departments, reduction of, xvii
Minorities and the Electoral Law, 360
Mirabello, Villa, blind ex-soldiers at, 276–7
Misiano, 129
Mohammedans, 213
Moltke, 9
Mommsen, 202
Monarchy, the, Statute Law and, 312.
- See also under Fascismo
Montagna, Commendatore, Janina massacre and, 363
Montanara, 289
Montemaggiore as Italian boundary, 127
Montenegro, independence of, 125, 189, 191
Monte Nero, 110
Monte Santo, 28
“Mopsy,” 195
Moratorium for reparations, 235–6, 238
Morgagni, 114
Moscow, Third International at, 195
“Most favoured nation” clause, 282
Mussolini, Arnaldo, xvi, 69
Mussolini, Benito:
- leader of the Fascio Nazionale dei Combattenti, x;
- summoned to form cabinet, xiii;
- saves Italy from Bolshevism, xiv;
- the “Duce,” xv;
- career, xv, xvi;
- family, xvi;
- foreign policy, xvii;
- his legislative and administrative work, xvii;
- character, xix;
- expulsion from Socialist Party, 3;
- editor of Avanti, xvi, 3;
- La lotta di classe, 3;
- against reformism, 3;
- agitator for intervention in the war, 9 et seq.;
- editor of Il Popolo d’Italia, 37;
- antipacifist, 58;
- Fascista friend of the people, 63;
- the “Fascista,” 87;
- sane conception of problems of foreign policy, 108;
- against revolutionary policy regarding Fiume, 128;
- triumph, 134;
- Fascista Member of Parliament, 183;
- Prime Minister, 207;
- Note to Greece on Janina massacre, 363–4.
- See also Fascismo.
Naples, speech of 26th Oct. 1922 at, 171;
- Risorgimento and the bourgeoisie of, 150
Napoleon, 114
National League. See League, National
National Militia. See Militia, National
National Vindications, the, 89
Naval disarmament, 243
Neues Deutschland, 21
Neue Zurcher Nachrichten, 22
Neuilly, Treaty of, 123, 299
Nevoso, the, 120, 136, 184, 192, 286, 329
Nicholas, King of Montenegro, 189, 190
Nitti, Signor, 106
Nofri, Gregorio, 252
Nola, the Risorgimento and, 351
North African colonies, 303
North America, Italian emigration to, 341
Oberdan, Guglielmo, 344
Oldofredi, Count, 351
Olympic Games, 340, 342
Order, measures to restore, 308
Orlando, Cantiere, of Leghorn, xiii
Orlando, Signor, 362
Ortigara, 110
Ottoman Public Debt, 303
Padua, speeches:
- 2nd June 1923 (Women’s Congress), 286;
- 3rd June 1923 (at the University), 289
Palestine, 194–5
Pangermanism, xiii, 21, 44
Pareto, 312
Paris Conference, Montenegrin independence and the, 189;
- failure of, 295
Parliament, Government of Fascisti and, 208, 221, 313, 357;
- speech in, on Treaty of Rapallo and Agreements of Sta. Margherita, 210;
- Sub-Alpine, and Cavour, 351
Parma, speech 13th Dec. 1914 at, 9
Passive resistance, 346
Perathoner, Herr, xiii, 164
Petrillo, 347
Petrograd, tyranny at, 33
Piave, the Germans on, 31, 32, 45;
- Italian resistance on, 48, 59;
- the “arditi” and, 74;
- Austrian empire destroyed on, 111, 135, 332;
- a starting point for the Fascisti in their march to Rome, 160;
- deciding factor of the war, 332
Piedmont, Cavour and the constitutional movement of, 311, 351–2
Pisacane, Carlo, 78, 351
Po, Valley of (Valle Padana), 42, 125;
- Socialist exploitation of the masses in, 134;
- Upper Adige question and, 184
Poincaré, M., 346
Poland, xviii, 100, 123, 195, 213;
- boundaries, 268, 280, 304;
- Italian relations with, 304
Pontifical Allocution, Zionism and the, 194
Popolo d’Italia, founded, xvi;
- German-Swiss and the, 21;
- Mussolini and, 37;
- Treaty of Rapallo criticised by, 125–6
Popular Party, strike of textile workers belonging to, 68;
- annual day of, 141;
- Fascismo and the, 183, 201–3, 318;
- Electoral Reform Bill and, 347, 361
Porta Pia, breach of, 108, 144
Porto Baros, 193, 256, 262
Portorose Conventions, 270, 281
Porto Sauro, 278
Portugal, colonies of, 90
Post and Telegraph Offices, 307
Potsdam, 59
Prefects, 315
Press, the, 313;
- jury and, 352;
- freedom of, 353
Principe, the, 38
Priza, Admiral, 269
Proletariat, Italian, intervention and the, 16;
- Assizes of the, 105
Proudhon, 10
Prussia, 9, 36, 50
Public services, industrialisation of, xvii
Public Works, Ministry of, Fascisti demand, 174
Quadrumvirate meeting, xiii
Quaranta di San Severino, Barone Bernardo, 335
Radice, Signor Lombardo, 343
Raffaello, 114
Railways, 270
Ramanadovich, Commander, 190
Rapallo, Treaty of, 123–4;
- opinion of Central Committee of the Fascio on, 125;
- why Italy signed, 126;
- Dalmatia and, 127, 130;
- mentioned in Parliament, 210;
- Agreements of Sta. Margherita presented to Parliament, 247;
- evacuation of territories claimed by Yugoslavia and, 248;
- Italian foreign policy regarding, 249;
- ratification, 251;
- revision of, 256;
- application of, 261;
- enforcement of, 300
Red Cross, German, 21
Reggio Emilia, Congress of, 3
Regguzoni, 88
Religious instruction in elementary schools, xii
Renan, 55
Reparations Commission, 236, 298
Reparations:
- decision of Reparations Commission, 26th Dec. 1922, 236;
- decision 12th Jan. 1923, 236;
- failure of Germany to supply wood, 236;
- Italian delegate’s mandate, 236–7;
- Turko-Grecian, 266;
- Italy and, 294;
- Italian project, 295;
- owed by Austria, Bulgaria and Hungary, 295;
- Italian quota of, 295–6;
- German
project, 297;
- German Note on, 297;
- Treaty of Trianon, 298;
- Allies’ agreement with Bulgaria, 299;
- loan to Austria, 300.
- See also Inter-allied debts
Republican Alliance, electoral reform and the, 101
Republican Party, intervention and the, 24;
- aims of Fascismo and the, 92
Revolution, French, ix, 14, 349;
- Fascista, 354
Rhine, German threat to Italy from, 45;
- American withdrawal, 230;
- Ruhr advance, 230;
- exploitation of forests, 236
Rismondo on Dalmatia, 74
Risorgimento, Italian, 111, 144–5, 150–1
Risorgimento, Il, 312
Roccatagliata, Ceccardi, 18
Rodzianko, 33
Romanoff, House of, 33
Rome, Pact of, 126
Rome, Government of, and Government at Fiume, 128;
- Bolshevist Congress of, 167;
- Fascista march on, 171
Rome, speeches of Mussolini at, 24th Feb. 1918, 30;
- 21st June 1921, 183;
- 16th Nov. 1922, 207;
- 2nd Jan. 1923, 228;
- 6th Jan. 1923, 82;
- 15th Jan. 1923, 230;
- 19th Jan. 1923, 234;
- 23rd Jan. 1923, 235;
- 1st Feb. 1923, 240;
- 6th Feb. 1923, 245;
- 8th Feb. 1923, 247;
- 10th Feb. 1923, 251;
- 16th Feb. 1923, 258;
- 2nd March 1923, 264;
- 6th March 1923, 271;
- 7th March 1923, 272;
- 18th March 1923, 274;
- 7th April 1923, 278;
- 8th June 1923, 293;
- 8th June 1923, 306;
- 25th June 1923, 331;
- speech by American Ambassador, 28th June 1923, 335;
- Mussolini’s reply to American Ambassador, 340;
- 2nd July 1923, 347;
- 3rd July 1923, 345;
- 16th July 1923, 347;
- Internal Congress of Chambers of Commerce at, 274
Romulus, 38
Ronchi, legions of, 128
Rossoni, Edmondo, xi
Rothermere, Lord, on Mussolini’s work, xiv
Roumania, intervention of, 19;
- Italian relations with, 213;
- Mohammedans in, 213
Rovigo, speech at, 2nd June 1923, 284
Ruffini, Senator, 335
Ruhr, Italian policy in the, 230–1, 238–9, 254;
- Memorandum of London,
231;
- German Government’s orders as to coal deliveries, 235;
- Reparations Commission’s report on Germany’s failure, 336;
- Moratorium, 236–7;
- control of mines, 236;
- English representative on Rhine High Commission, 237;
- Italian mediation, 237, 259;
- America’s neutrality, 238;
- Little Entente and, 238, 240;
- Lausanne Conference, 238, 241;
- Russia and, 240;
- train services and, 241;
- passive resistance, 264, 346;
- French object, 264;
- English attitude, 264;
- reasons for occupation of, 295;
- extension of occupation, 345;
- European exchanges, 345
Ruskoie Slovo, admission of Russian vacillation in, 19
Russia, commercial treaty with, xviii;
- undermined by revolution, 12;
- Entente and financial difficulties of, 19;
- Leninist policy at Brest-Litowsk, 43;
- Agrarian revolution, 123;
- the Baltic States, 123;
- Panslavism, 123;
- disagreement over Wilna and Grodno, 123;
- fate of Poland, 123;
- Russian Jews and Palestine, 195;
- relations between Italy and, 303;
- liberty of association and, 355;
- freedom of the Press in, 355
Rybar, Signor, 269
Sabotino, 28
St. Germain, Treaty of, unsatisfactory to the victors, 123;
- Austrian Republic and, 124;
- Austro-Italian economic relations and, 282
Salandra, Signor, his formula of “sacred egoism,” 16;
- congratulates Mussolini, 362
Salorno, Pass of, 185
Salute, Fascista, xv
San Terenzo, 163
Santa Margherita, Agreements of, 210;
- purpose of, 247 et seq.;
- approval of, 251;
- Adriatic question and, 255–6;
- application of, by Italian Government, 256;
- effect of, on Zara and Dalmatia, 260–1;
- Abbazia Conference, 278; enforcement of, 300
Santi Quaranta, 363
Sardi, Baron, 335
Sardinia, soldiers of, 120;
- Fascisti of, 171; the post-war needs of, 321;
- Fascismo and, 324;
- Mussolini in, 320, 323, 326;
- malaria, 356
Sassari, speech 10th June 1923 at, 320
Sasseno, occupation of, 20
Sauro Basin, 279
Sauro, Nazario, 269
Savoy, Upper, Switzerland, 21;
- House of, and Italian unity, 176;
- Military Order of, 309
Scala, the, 25, 59
Schappner, 21
Schools, reform of, 314
Sciesa, Antonio, 161
Sea, Federation of the, 104
Seamen, Federation of, 106
Sebenico, 96
Seipel, 281
Serbia, 10, 12;
- against separate peace, 19;
- integrity of, safeguarded, 189
Serbo-Croat-Slovak Delegation at Abbazia, 278
Serrani, 88
Serrati on Tuscany, 103
Sesto San Giovanni, speech at, 1st Dec. 1917, 25
Sèvres, Treaty of: not satisfactory, 123;
- results of possible failure of, 150;
- Palestine Mandate, 194
Sforza, Count, on Montenegrin independence, 189, 191
Siam, commercial treaty with, xviii, 283
Silesia, Upper, 123, 189
Sionism. See Zionism
Skrzynski, 280
Smyrna, 124;
- Entente and, 254
Social-Bolshevism, 108
Social-Communists, 161
Social Democrats, 203
Social-Extremists and economic policy, 275
Socialism, 5;
- Italian, 97;
- co-operation with useless, 99;
- State, 198
Socialist Party, Italian:
- Mussolini’s expulsion from, 3;
- irredentism and, 15; intervention and, 27;
- Dalmine strike and, 63;
- condemnation of, 69;
- working class and, 70;
- anti-Italian nature of, 73;
- Fascismo and, 92;
- membership roll, 93, 105;
- Leninist Socialists, 101;
- in 1913, 97;
- Turati, 105;
- Bolshevist element in, 116–7;
- Fascisti and, 139, 154;
- party Socialism and Socialism of Labour distinguished, 197
Socialist Union, Italian, 92
Socrates, 135, 162
Soldiers, Committee of Wounded and Disabled, 51
Soviet, in Italy, 97;
- in Russia, 123;
- Fascista policy towards, 133;
- Italian Communists and the, 197;
- attitude towards German proletariat, 232
Spa, conference at, 295
Spain, commercial treaty with, xviii, 283;
- conditions in, 306
Spalato, 255
Sparta, Fascismo and “krypteia” of, ix
Stambuliski, 345
Stampa, the, 97
Statute Law, the, 311–12, 356
Stefani, de, xviii, and Budgets, 272
Stelvio, 276
Straits, the. See Dardanelles
Strike, anti-Fascista, 307
Stringa, Major-General, 310
Sturck, 98
Südbahn Conference, 269–270
Sudekum, 99
Suffrage, universal, 355
Susak, 256, 262, 278
Switzerland, Mussolini expelled from, xvi, 21, 22
Syndicalist organisation of Bologna, 37;
- of the Fascista, 148, 178
Syndicalism, 9, 63, 148, 178, 313–14
Syndicalist corporations, xi
Syndicalists, in Parma, 9;
- of Bologna, 37;
- in Dalmine, 63;
- Syndicate of co-operation, 69;
- Fascista syndicalism, 63, 148, 178;
- Fascista syndicates, 81;
- in Italy generally, 197
Syndicate, of Co-operation, 69;
- Fascista, 81;
- National Italian, 197;
- Confederation of Italian Syndicates, 197
Tacitus, 44
Tamassia, Senator, 260
Tangorra, 215
Tardieu, 95
Taxation, 317
Theseus, 38
Tellini, General Enrico, murder of, 363
Ticino, Canton, 136, 184
Timavo, 48
Tirso, Lake, 324
Tittoni, Senator, 263
Titus, 37
Tivaroni, Senator, 260
Tokyo, circulation of Our Next War With the United States in, 122
Tolstoy, 114, 118
Tonoli, 161
Toscanini, 133
Transylvania, 20
Trento, Fascismo in, xiii;
- Italian aims and, 53;
- statue of Dante at, 60;
- reconquest of, 100;
- acquisition of, 111;
- Socialists and, 118;
- Fascisti of, and Fiume, 131;
- elections, 173;
- Fascisti demands concerning, 187
Treves, 14
Trianon, Treaty of, 123;
- Hungarian reparations, 298
Trieste, 25;
- Giacomo Venezian and, 48;
- Adriatic aspirations, 59;
- reconquest of, 100;
- speech of 20 Sept. 1920 at, 108;
- Risorgimento, 111;
- Socialists and, 118;
- military sacrifices of 1915, 120;
- speech of 6 Feb. 1921 at, 121;
- Fascisti of, and Fiume, 131;
- Fascisti of, and separation, 171;
- frontier traffic, 282
Triple Alliance, 12, 22, 23
Triple Entente, 12, 15, 16
Tripoli, war in, 14
Turati, Filippo, 69, 105, 252
Turin, 43
Turkey, 10;
- Treaty of Sèvres, 125;
- Kemal Pasha, 150;
- juridical protection of foreigners, 302–3;
- Libyan subjects resident in, 303;
- Ottoman debt, 303.
- See also Lausanne Conference
Tuscany, 328
Udine, speech of 20 Sept. 1922 at, 143
Ukraine, 195, 303
United States, internationalism and the, 46;
- democracy of, 49, 110;
- intervention of, 49, 51;
- relations with, 214;
- representatives of, at Economic Congress, 275;
- agreement with Britain on debt, 296;
- Austrian loan and, 300;
- Italian relations with, 304, 335 et seq.
Unity, basis of, 93, moral, of the Italian people, 352–3
Universal suffrage, 355
Universities, Padua, 289;
- of Italy, 291
Unknown Warrior, tomb of, 331, 343, 344
Utopia, the Asiatic, 82
Valona, 20, 117, 118
Vanzette, 79
Vatican, the, 202
Vecchi, Cesare Maria de, xiii, 310
“Venezia Giulia,” 343
Venezia Tridentina, 171
Venezian, 134
Venice, 113, 286
Venizelos, 125
Verdi, 77
Versailles, 56
Versailles, Treaty of:
- revision of, 99, 100;
- indemnity under, 124;
- Italy excluded from economic and colonial benefits, 293
Victor Emmanuel III., King, xii
Vidali, 88
Vienna, 11;
- Danube Confederation, 124;
- occupation of, 149, 172
Vigevano, Colonel, 190
Vinci, Leonardo da, 114
Vittorio Veneto, 75, 77;
- vindication of fruits of, xvii, 107, 151, 154, 160, 164;
- greatness of victory of, 110;
- Austria crushed at, 135;
- Fascista Government, the Government of, 333
Votes for Women, 286
War Office, Fascisti demand, 174
War, revolutionary, 23
Warsaw, Italian firms and, 280
Washington Conference on Disarmament, xviii, 243;
- social and pacifist Conventions of, 355
Waterloo, 5
Wells, H. G., 41
White Federation, 197
Wilna, 123
Wilson, Woodrow, 28, 52, 126, 189
Woman’s Fascista Congress, 286;
- suffrage, 355
Workers, General Federation of, 198
Working classes, post-war rights of, 63;
- intervention and the, 69;
- Fascismo and the, 75;
- Fascista Government’s policy towards, 80
Workmen, Italian Union of, 66, 69
Yellow immigration, 121
Yugoslavia, pact of Rome, 126;
- Isonzo and, 127;
- Porto Barro and the Delta, 193;
- Mohammedanism in, 213;
- the Adriatic question, 255;
- Abbazia Conference, 269;
- commercial treaty, 271, 282.
- See also Fiume;
  - Rapallo, Treaty of
Zagabria, 127
Zahn, 21
Zambon, Maj.-General, 310
Zankoff, 345
Zara, 53, 59;
- Treaty of Rapallo, 125, 262;
- Fascismo and, 136;
- Adriatic question and, 192;
- Agreements of Sta. Margherita, 247, 260–1;
- Fascista Government and, 256–7;
- “Special zone of Zara,” 301.
- See also Yugoslavia
Zocchi, Fulvio, 9

Mussolini as revealed in his political speeches (November 1914-August 1923)

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