Observations on the Diseases of Seamen

Adhibeantur in initio eadem medicamenta ac in initio febris continuæ. Deinde

Sumatur corticis Peruviani drachma una, secundâ vel tertiâ quâque horâ, vel etiam singulis horis, absente paraxysmo febrili.—Interdum confert dare singulas doses ex spiritûs vini tenuis (rum dicti) unciâ unâ.

Si cortex frustra adhibeatur fauste adhiberi possint medicamenta infra præscripta.

140℞. Zinci calcinati semi-drachmam, conservæ rosæ quantum satis fit. Contunde simul & divide in pilulas quindecim. Sumatur una ter die, augendo dosim si premerit morbus & si ferat ventriculus.

Vel,

℞. Zinci vitriolati grana duodecim aquæ puræ uncias tres Sumatur tertia pars ter die augendo dosim si opus fuerit & si ferat ventriculus.

Vel,

141℞. Tincturæ rhabarbari uncias duas, tincturæ sennæ drachmas sex. Misce. Sumatur paucas horas ante paroxysmum.

Vel,

142Cortice Peruviano frustra dato, aliquando conferat dare ægro quotidie, vel calomelanos, vel pilularum ex hydrargyro quantum & quamdiu sufficiat ad levem ciendum ptyalismum, & deinde instituere curam de integro cum cortice Peruviano.

Vel,

143Sumantur tincturæ opii guttæ viginti quinque, incipiente æstu. febrili, ex poculo potûs communis.

IN DIARRHŒA SIMPLICI.

BOLUS AD DIARRHOEAM.

℞. Cretæ præparatæ scrupulum unum, pulveris rhabarbari grana quindecim, pulveris corticis cinnamomi grana sex, opii purificati granum dimidium, tincturæ opii guttas quinque, syrupi quantum satis fit. Semel sumatur.

℞. Misturæ cretaceæ (Pharm. Lond.) cum duplici gummi arabico libram unam, tincturæ opii guttas decem. Absumatur totum partitis vicibus nychthemero, incipiendo duodecim horas post datum medicamentum novissime præscriptum.—Interdum adjiciatur tincturæ cinamomi uncia dimidia.

IN CHOLERA MORBO.

℞. Decocti hordei vel avenæ libras tres, pulveris gummi arabici unciam unam cum semisse, tincturæ opii guttas triginta. Hauriatur quam primum libra una, & deinde libra dimidia omni horâ usque ad levamen mali.—Si parabilis fuerit caro vitulina, vel pullus, jusculum tenue ex altero utro factum vice decocti supra dicti adhibeatur.

IN DYSENTERIA ACUTA.

Sumat æger quamprimum emeticum commune.

℞. Decocti hordei libras duas, salis cathartici unciam unam cum semisse, antimonii tartarisati grana duo. Misce. Hauriatur tepide primò libra dimidia, & deinde unciæ quatuor omni horâ donec alvus copiose & iteratim dejecerit.

℞. Pulveris ipecacoanhæ grana duodecim, conservæ rosæ quantum satis fit. Contunde simul & divide in pilulas duodecim. Sumatur una ter die. Si æger vehementer febricitârit satius erit dare ter die vini emetici drachmam unam ex cyatho amplo decocti hordei tepidi.

144℞. Pulveris ipecacoanhæ grana duo, pulveris opii purificati exsiccati granum unum, nitri grana octo. Misce. Sumatur horâ somni.

ENEMA EMOLLIENS.

℞. Amyli unciam dimidiam, aquæ puræ uncias decem. Coque ad idoneam spissitudinem.

Vel,

℞. Seminum lini drachmas sex, aquæ puræ uncias duodecim. Coque per quadrantem horæ & cola liquorem pro enemate.

ENEMA ANODYNUM.

℞. Enematis emollientis uncias quatuor, tincturæ opii guttas quadraginta. Misce.

IN DYSENTERIA CHRONICA.

BOLUS CATHARTICUS.

℞. Pulveris rhabarbari grana quindecim, calomelanos grana quinque, conservæ rosæ quantum satis fit ut fiat bolus. Mane sumendus, & repetendus post paucos dies si opus fuerit.—Vice hujus interdum conducat dare misturæ catharticæ communis uncias duas.

SOLUTIO CAMPECHENSIS.

℞. Extracti ligni Campechensis drachmam unam cum semisse, tincturæ cinamomi unciam unam. Tere simul & admisce aquæ puræ uncias quinque. Sumatur uncia una ter die.

DECOCTUM AMARUM.

℞. Corticis simaroubæ vel quassiæ drachmam unam, aquæ puræ libram unam cum semisse. Decoque ad libram unam. Absumatur totum quotidie tribus vicibus. Adjici possint singulis dosibus pro ratione symptomatum, vel cretæ præparatæ scrupulus unus, vel pulveris ipecacoanhæ granum unum, vel tincturæ cinamomi drachmæ duæ, vel tincturæ opii guttæ quinque.

145In casibus rebellibus confert illinere quotidie hypogastrium unguenti ex hydrargyro drachmâ dimidiâ.

Sit pro potu communi in hoc morbo aqua pura, frusto panis recens tosti adjecto, & pauxillo spiritus vini tenuis (rum dicti) admixto. Sit pro victu communi salab, vel farina tritici in pulmentum tenue ex aquâ purâ cocta.

IN INTESTINIS INFLAMMATIS.

146SOLUTIO SALIS CATHARTICI.

℞. Decocti hordei libram unam, magnesiæ vitriolatæ uncias duas. Misce ut fiat solutio. Bibatur, post sanguinis missionem, uncia una omni semihorâ donec alvus bis dejecerit.

Adhibeantur hypogastrio cucurbitulæ cruentæ, vel hirudines plures. Applicetur ibidem epispasticum satis amplum. Injiciatur enema cum oleo & pauxillo sale cathartico.

IN ILEO, vel COLICA PICTONUM, vel morbo in regionibus æstuosis DRY BELLY ACHE dicto.

147PILULÆ CATHARTICO-ANODYNÆ.

℞. Extracti colocynthidis compositi drachmam dimidiam, opii granum unum & dimidium, olei menthæ guttam unam. Contunde in massam & divide in pilulas decem. Sint pro una dosi. Paucas post horas, si alvus non rite responderit, exhibeantur misturæ catharticæ unciæ duæ, vel148 olei ricini uncia una, & repetantur ut opus fuerit.—Interdum in hoc malo divexat vomitus cui auxilio est, mistura antiemetica. Vide page 551.

Perfricetur hypogastrium oleo tepido.

Ineat æger in balneum tepefactum ad 93° therm. Fahren. per horam unam vel etiam diutius.

Denique suffletur in anum fumus nicotianæ.

Vel,

℞. Nicotianæ drachmas duas aquæ puræ ferventis libram unam.—Fiat infusum & cola pro enemate.

IN HÆMORRHÖIDE.

BOLUS HÆMORRHOIDALIS.

℞. Florum sulphuris drachmam dimidiam, conservaæ rosæ, vel pulpæ tamarindorum quantum satis fit. Assumatur bis die.

Si sanguinis ex ano profluentis magna fuerit vis, & præcipue si ex alto fonte effluxerit, valde proderit medicamentum infra præscriptum.

149℞. Olei lini recens expressi drachmas sex, tincturæ rhabarbari drachmas duas. Misce. Sumatur bis die.—Vice olei lini adhibere licet olei amygdalæ unciam dimidiam, cum mucilaginis gummi arabici drachmis duabus.

IN ALVO ASTRICTA.

PILULÆ LAXANTES.

℞. Aloes socotrinæ drachmam unam, syrupi quantum satis sit. Contunde & divide in pilulas viginti. Sumantur duæ pro re natâ.—Aliquando conducit adjicere vel pulveris zinzberis vel pulveris capsici grana quindecim, vel olei menthæ guttas decem.—Vice aloes licet adhibere extractum colocynthidis compositum.

ELECTUARIUM ECCOPROTICUM.

℞. Pulveris jalapii unciam dimidiam, pulpæ tamarindorum unciam unam, pulveris zinziberis semi-drachmam, syrupi melasses dicti quantum satis sit. Sumatur circiter drachma pro re natâ.—Interdum prosit adjicere crystallorum tartari drachmas duas.

IN CATARRHO.

LINCTUS.

℞. Conservæ rosæ unciam unam, mucilaginis gummi arabici unciam dimidiam, olei amygdalæ drachmas duas, succi limonis, vel acidi vitriolici quantum satis sit ad gratum saporem conciliandum. Misce. Sumatur pauxillum sæpius.—Interdum adjiciatur vel salis nitri drachma una, vel tincturæ opii guttæ decem.

Sit pro potu communi decoctum hordei in quo coquatur uvarum passarum uncia una, & sub finem cocturæ seminum lini drachmas duas pro singulis libris decocti.

Si febricitârit æger, sumantur mistura salina & pilula febrifuga ter die.

IN PLEURITIDE ET PERIPNEUMONIA.

℞. Decocti hordei libras duas, pulpæ tamarindorum quantum satis-fit ad gratum saporem, nitri drachmam unam. Misce. Hauriatur affatim pro potu communi. N. B. Si tamarindi moverint alvum sæpius quam semel aut bis die adhibeatur vice ejus syrupus melasses dictus.

Sumatur mistura salina & pilula febrifuga sextâ vel quartâ quâque horâ.

IN HÆMOPTÖE.

Hauriat æger infusi rosæ uncias tres quater die. Interdum adjiciatur vel tincturæ opii guttæ quatuor, vel nitri grana decem.

HAUSTUS OLEOSUS.

150℞. Olei amygdalini, aquæ menthæ simplicis singulorum unciam unam, manræ drachmas tres. Misce. Sumatur ter die. Sæpe conducit adjicere singulis dosibus tincturæ opii guttas quatuor vel quinque.

IN TUSSI ASTHMATICA.

PILULÆ PECTORALES.

151℞. Gummi ammoniaci drachmas tres, saponis Hispaniensis drachmas duas, pulveris radicis scillæ grana sex opii purificati grana tria, syrupi melasses dicti quantum satis sit. Contunde simul & divide in pilulas quadraginta octo. Sumantur quatuor bis die.

IN ASTHMATE A DIATHESI HYDROPICA PROVENIENTE.

PILULÆ SCILLITICÆ.

℞. Radicis scillæ aridæ grana duodecim, conservæ rosæ quantum satis sit. Contunde simul & divide in pilulas duodecim. Sumatur una vel duæ bis vel ter die.

Vel,

152HAUSTUS DIURETICUS.

℞. Aquæ puræ unciam unam & dimidiam, pulveris scillæ aridæ grana duo, tincturæ lavendulæ compositæ guttas trigintæ, kali præparati grana decem. Misce. Sumatur bis vel ter die.—Interdum adjicere liceat haustui vespertino tincturæ opii guttas viginti.

Vel,

BOLUS CÆRULEUS CUM SCILLA.

153℞. Pilularum ex hydrargyro grana quinque vel usque ad decem, pulveris radicis scillæ grana duo. Misce. Sumatur horâ decubitûs, per tres vel quatuor noctes consequentes.

IN RHEUMATISMO ACUTO.

MISTURA DIAPHORETICA.

℞. Aquæ puræ uncias tres, aquæ ammoniæ acetatæ unciam unam & dimidiam, pulveris antimonialis grana quindecim. Sumatur tertia pars ter die.—Interdum adjiciantur nitri grana quinque singulis dosibus.

Bibatur affatim decoctum hordei tepidum, cum nitri scrupulis duobus in singulis libris.

HAUSTUS SUDORIFICUS.

℞. Misturæ camphoratæ unciam unam & dimidiam, aquæ ammoniæ acetatæ unciam dimidiam, vini emetici guttas quadraginta, tincturæ opii guttas viginti. Misce. Sumatur horâ somni, vel etiam sæpius sed cum dimedia tinctura.

IN RHEUMATISMO CHRONICO.

℞. Tincturæ guaiaci volatilis drachmas duas. Sumatur ex cyatho potûs communis ter die. Vel sumatur gummi guaici semidrachma super bibendo haustum ex salis cornu cervi serupula aquæ unciis tribus.

℞. Pulveris ipecacoanhæ compositi (Pharm. Lond.) scrupulum unum. Sumatur hora somni alternis noctibus.

In casibus rebellibus pro remedio efficaci compertum est dare quotidie calomelanos granum unum vel grana duo.

IN HYDROPE.

PULVIS HYDRAGOGUS.

℞. Crystallorum tartari unciam dimidiam, pulveris jalapii grana quindecim, pulveris zinziberis grana quinque. Misce fiat pulvis, fumatur alternis diebus.

MISTURA DIURETICA.

℞. Infusi gentianæ uncias decem, spiritus vini tenuis uncias duas, kali præparati drachmam unam. Misce. Hauriamur unciæ tres bis die.154Vice infusi gentianæ licet adhibere infusum absynthii.

TINCTURA SCILLÆ. Pharm. Lond.

Sumatur drachma una bis die ex haustu potûs communis.

PILULA EX ELATERIO.

℞. Elaterii grana duodecim, syrupi quantum satis sit. Dividatur in pilulas sex. Sumatur una bis die.

155Ægro licet, imo prodest hoc morbo laboranti bibere ad libitum ex liquore aliquo siti extinguendæ accommodato, veluti aquâ hordei cum crystallis tartari.

IN ERYSIPELATE.

156℞. Pulveris corticis Peruviani drachmam unam. Sumatur omni horâ vel interpositis duabus vel tribus horis.

IN MORBO VENEREO.

1. IN GONORRHOEA.

Hauriatur ad libitum infusum lini, vel decoctum hordei cum gummi arabici drachmis sex in singulis libris.

Sumantur calomelanos grana duo quotidie per viginti circiter dies.

157℞. Aquæ puræ distillatæ uncias octo, hydrargyri muriati granum unum. Misce. Injiciatur pauxillum in urethram bis vel ter die.

IN GONORRHOEA BENIGNA.

℞. Balsami capaivæ drachmam unam, tincturæ lavendulæ compositæ guttas triginti. Misce. Sumatur bis die.

2. IN ULCUSCULIS.

In initio feliciter adhibetur causticum.

℞. Calomelanos drachmam dimidiam, conservæ rosæ quantum satis sit. Contunde in massam & divide in pilulas triginta. Sumatur una quotidie, vel interdum dimidia ter die, ut cieatur ptyalismus modicus. Perstet æger in usu medicamenti hujus per dies acto postquam sanata fuerint ulcuscula.

Pro medicamento topico, utile erit inspergere ulcusculum cum pulvere hydrargyri nitrati.

3. IN BUBONE.

Illinatur artus lateris affecti infra inguen cum unguenti ex hydrargyro drachmâ dimidiâ quotidie.

Si abierit bubo in ulcus mali moris omittatur pro tempore usus hydrargyri & sumatur quotidie 158opii purificati granum unum primo semel, dein bis, denique ter die vel etiam sæpius, & pulveris corticis Peruviani drachma una ter quaterve die.—Interdum conducit sumere pulveris sarsæparillæ drachmas duas ter die, vel extracti cicutæ grana tria ter die, augendo paullatim usque ad grana decem.

4. IN VERA LUE, anginâ scilicet osteocopiis, exostosibus & defædatione cutis.

Illinantur membra quotidie cum unguenti ex hydrargyro drachmis duabus quotidie usque dum cieatur ptyalismus159 per dies triginta ad minimum vel donec evanuerint symptomata.—Interdum vice litûs adhibere conveniat vel calomelanos granum unum ter die, vel pilularum ex hydrargyro grana quinque bis die, vel

℞. Hydrargyri muriati grana octo, spiritus vinosi tenuis libram unam. Fiat solutio, & sumatur uncia dimidia bis die. In ulceribus tonsillarum pernotabili est auxilio suffitum ex cinnabare in fauces inhalare semel vel bis quotidie.

Si ulcera mali moris exorta fuerint in quavis corporis parte, eadem, ut jam de bubone dictum est, fiant.

IN SCORBUTO MARINO.

Sumat æger quotidie succi limonum unciam unam ter quaterve die.

℞. Aquæ puræ paullulum tepefactæ congios triginta, syrupi melasses dicti libras sedecim pondere, extracti pini uncias octo pondere, spumæ vel fæcis cerevisiæ libras duas mensurâ. Misce & agita valide cum baculo, dein sinatur abire in fermentationem, ut fiat cerevisia, deinde servetur in vase clauso. Ut diutius servari potest, proderit admiscere spiritûs vini tenuis Gallici, vel qui rum dicitur, libras duas aut tres. Si infirma fuerint viscera adjicere juvabit vel lupuli vel summitatum absinthii vel quassiæ, vel zinziberis quantum satis sit. Hauriat æger libras duas quotidie.

℞. Farinæ avenaceæ libras tres, aquæ puræ congios quatuor. Misce. Macera donec liquor fiat acidulus, dein effunde dimidium & adjiciatur par copia aquæ puræ, & coque ad idoneam spissitudinem, ut cogatur in pulmentum. Sit pro victu assiduo cum vini & sacchari non purificati, vel syrupi melasses dicti quantum sufficiat ad gratum saporem conciliandum.

Ad alvum solvendam commode adhiberi potest electuarium eccoproticum cum crystallis tartari. Vid. p. 556.

THE END.

INDEX.

• A.
• Absorbents useful in fluxes, 491, & seq.
• Action, close, the advantages of it, 103, & seq.
• Air, superiority of that at sea, 225.
• —Noxious effects of it at land in a hot climate, 227.
• —Extent of its influence, 228.
• Alcide, sickly on the passage to America, 36.
• —Subject to various forms of fevers, 39.
• Aliment, want of proper, chief cause of scurvy, 300.
• —Increases the vigour of the body in two ways, 510.
• America, North, hotter in summer than the West Indies, 30.
• —Fleet goes there to avoid the hurricanes, 35, 146.
• —Uncommon season there, 156, & seq.
• Amputation, the number that died of it at Barbadoes, 190.
• Amputation, Mr. Alanson’s method of performing it, 543.
• Antimonials, best adapted to bilious fevers, 420.
• —A caution with regard to them, 422.
• Army at St. Lucia, diseases in it, 127.
• —Mortality in it, 27, 228, & seq.
• Asthma, climate in the West Indies favourable to it, 97.
• B.
• Barbadoes, more refreshments at it than any other island, 27.
• —Ravaged by a hurricane, 41.
• —Composed of coral rock, 89.
• —Conjecture concerning its origin, ibid.
• Barfleur, fevers on board in consequence of recruits from a French jail, 142.
• Bark, Peruvian, its effects in preventing fevers, 230, & seq.
• —When useful in continued fevers, 390, & seq., 402, 422, & seq.
• Bark, Peruvian, red, some account of it, 457.
• Barricading a ship, what meant by it, 21.
• Bath, warm, of use in the dysentery, 480.
• —In the locked jaw, 522.
• —Its proper temperature, 535.
• Battle, the ardour of, favourable to health, 22, 77, 101.
• —Number killed in, 209.
• —Loss in those of April, 1782, 520.
• Bedding, utility of airing it, 260.
• Bile, a defect of it in the worst cases of yellow fever, 429,& seq.
• —Theoretical disquisition on its influence in fevers, ibid.
• Bile, the marks of a redundance of it in dysenteries, 477.
• —Its tendency to prolong fluxes, 483, & seq.
• Blindness from the scurvy, 24, 501.
• Blisters of use in the ship fever, 399.
• —For removing irritability of stomach in the yellow fever, 453, & seq.
• —Of service in dysentery, 480, & seq.
• Blood, a remark concerning the buff upon it, 450.
• Bloodletting, cautions with regard to it in ship fevers, 388.
• —In bilious fevers, 418.
• —In the yellow fever, 450.
• Butter, objections to its use, 310.
• C.
• Calomel, in certain cases, the best purgative, 421.
• Camphor, estimate of its virtues, 407.
• Catarrh, epidemic, one in Europe affected men at sea, 157.
• —Communicated by strangers not affected with it themselves, in one of the Western Islands, 244.
• Causes, a combination of them necessary to produce diseases, 126, & seq.
• Chronic complaints brought on by hardship, 218.
• Cleanliness the principal means of health, 254, 337.
• Clothing, its great influence upon health, 238.
• —Advantages and disadvantages of it, 334, & seq.
• Cocoa substituted, with advantage, for butter, 311.
• Cold favourable to infection, 258.
• Cold hurtful in all climates, 297.
• Colica pictonum, forms of medicines adapted to it, 555.
• Coma, a symptom in the ship fever, 373.
• Commission, Ships long in, most healthy, 54, 79, 93, 167.
• Constitution, the great variety of it, 294.
• —Regard to be had to it in practice, 406.
• Coppers, cautions with regard to them, and instance of poison from neglect of them, 317, & seq.
• Cordials, a caution with regard to them, 410.
• Crowding, bad effects of it, 192.
• Cruises to windward of Martinico, 48, 180.
• —Near Jamaica, 120.
• —How long they ought to be continued consistent with health, 148, & seq.
• —A long one off St. Domingo, without the scurvy appearing, 154, & seq.
• Cullen, Dr., his opinion of the origin of nervous fevers, 237.
• —His great merit, 445.
• D.
• Delirium, a remarkable symptom in the ship fever, 373.
• —Explanation of it, ibid., & seq.
• —Means of removing it, 398, & seq.
• —Sudden and violent in bilious fevers, 416.
• Diaphoretic, what safest and best, 395.
• Diet, a table of the daily allowance of it in the navy, 311.
• —A method of providing what is suitable to the sick, 335.
• Diet, a caution with regard to it in convalescent fevers, 358.
• Diet, what best in fluxes, 494, & seq.
• Dilution, the great advantage of it, 391, & seq.
• Discipline, advantage of, to health, 348, 355.
• Diseases, list of all those on board of the fleet, 94.
• —What sorts seamen are most subject to, and most exempt from, 216.
• Diseases, acute, tend naturally to wear themselves out, 70.
• —Imputed anciently to supernatural influence, 220.
• —Owing to neglect, ibid.
• Dropsy, medicines adapted to it, 558.
• Dysentery depends on the same cause as fevers, 36.
• —Arises in the Prince George from cold weather, 79.
• —More fatal in its acute state in a cold than a hot climate, 155.
• Dysentery, appearances upon dissection, 471, & seq.
• Dysentery, forms of medicines adapted to it, 553.
• E.
• Earthquakes frequent in the West Indies, 88.
• Effluvia, what kind of them produce diseases, 134, & seq.
• Elephantiasis, peculiar to Barbadoes, 235, & seq.
• England, health of the fleet there compared to that in the West Indies, 67, & seq.
• —Fleet there more sickly at particular periods than in the West Indies, 208.
• English, their cleanliness only of modern date, 282.
• Erasmus, his account of the causes of pestilential diseases in England, 282.
• Erysipelas, Peruvian bark the best medicine in it, 558.
• Exercise, the advantage of it, 343.
• Exercise in the sun very pernicious, 233.
• Expeditions, list of, frustrated by disease alone, 214.
• Explosions of gunpowder, frequent and destructive, 539.
• —Means of preventing them, 540.
• F.
• Fatigue tends to shorten life, 346.
• Fevers depend on the same cause as fluxes, 36, & seq.
• —More prevalent in port than fluxes, 113, 127.
• —Assume a different type upon the importation of infection, 182.
• —Difference of its infection from that of some other diseases, 244, 249.
• Fever, ship, description of it, 371.
• —Treatment of it, 386.
• Fever, inflammatory, principal symptoms of it, 384.
• Fevers, intermittent, some unusual remedies for them, 456, & seq.
• —Forms of medicines adapted to them, 552.
• Fires, the most effectual means of sweetening the air of a ship, 117.
• —The most powerful means of destroying infection, 276, & seq.
• Flour preferable to bread for exportation, 307.
• Fluxes depend on the same cause as fevers, 36, & seq.
• —Prevail least when fevers most violent, 44, 113.
• —Apt to arise in ships soon after their arrival in the West Indies, 19, 84, 183.
• —More frequent at sea than in port, 113.
• —More frequent in ships that have been subject to fevers, 183.
• —Why so frequent and fatal at West India hospitals, 192, & seq.
• —Observations on them, 466.
• —Treatment of them, 473.
• Formidable, extraordinary degree of health on board of her, 107, 128, 365.
• —Causes of it, 72, 108.
• —Fever arises in her from men lent to another ship, 128.
• —From pressed men, 161.
• French ships, their discipline and œconomy inferior to British, 114.
• Frigates more healthy than ships of the line, causes of this, 54, & seq.
• —More healthy when their fire place was between decks, 287.
• —A contrivance for ventilating them, 292.
• Fumigation, method of performing it, 270, & seq.
• G.
• Gibraltar relieved by Lord Rodney, 19.
• —Admissions and deaths at the hospital there, 187, 205.
• Gibraltar man of war, account of her, 53.
• Grosislet Bay, description of it, 28.
• Gunpowder, accidents from it, 190, 539, & seq.
• Guthrie, Dr., his observations on infection in Russia, 279.
• H.
• Habit, effect of it in resisting infection, 294.
• Hæmorrhages, internal, oil and tincture of rhubarb of eminent service in them, 486, & seq.
• Hæmorrhage, a limb sometimes carried off without any ensuing, 542.
• Hæmorrhoids, medicines adapted to them, 555.
• Hardship impairs health and shortens life, 218.
• Heat communicated to the hand, a symptom of the ship fever, 378, & seq.
• Hemisphere, Northern, a cold summer general all over it, 157.
• Herodotus, his account of the clothing and health of the ancient Ægyptians, 284.
• Hospitals not so proper for the sick as their own ships, 60.
• —Account of diseases sent to them, 185.
• —At Gibraltar, 187.
• —At Barbadoes, 189, 197.
• —At St. Christopher’s, 195.
• —At St Lucia, ibid.
• —At Jamaica, 198.
• —At New York, 201, & seq.
• —General view of them all, 205.
• —Proportion of deaths in them no criterion of the success of practice, 195, 200.
• Hurricane months, 28.
• Hurricane, a violent one in the West Indies—its good effect on the health of the inhabitants, 40, & seq.
• Hypochondriac complaints do not affect the laborious part of mankind, 219.
• I.
• Jaw, locked, account of those affected by it in the battles of April, 1782, 520, & seq.
• —Its symptoms different from those of the tetanus, 526.
• —Wherefore most frequent in hot climates, 529, & seq.
• Indolence a cause of scurvy, 345.
• Infection, the obscurity of and difficulty of investigating it, 238.
• —Various ways in which it is introduced into a ship, 241.
• —It may arise without the presence of fever, 242.
• —Habit renders people insensible to it, ibid. & seq.
• —It never affects all indiscriminately who are exposed to it, 245.
• —It does not pass from one species of animal to another, 249.
• —How to prevent the production of it, 254.
• —Means of eradicating it, 264.
• —Method of guarding against it, 293.
• —Less frequent in hot climates than cold, 276.
• Inflammatory complaints most frequent in ships where no infection, 172.
• Inoculation, conjecture concerning the cause of its safety, 247.
• Intermittent fevers sometimes arise on board of a ship, 32.
• —Some unusual remedies for them, 456, & seq.q.
• Intestines, great, the principal seat of the dysentery, 470.
• L.
• Labour necessary to health, 217.
• —Pernicious if in excess, ibid.
• —What diseases it tends to avert, 219.
• —Scurvy prevented by it, 344.
• Land wind at Jamaica, 119.
• —Not at the small islands, ibid.
• Lemon juice, extraordinary instance of its efficacy in scurvy, 86.
• —The most effectual remedy in scurvy, 303.
• Lemons and limes, their juice the best detergent in scorbutic ulcers, 502, & seq.
• Lientery, a symptom in obstinate fluxes, 489.
• Limes, instance of their great antiscorbutic effect, 56.
• Liver, inflammation of it seldom known in the West Indies, 95.
• —But appeared at New York in men belonging to the West-India fleet, 156.
• M.
• Magnesia, given with acids, removes sickness of the stomach, 452.
• Malt liquor, the utility of it, 320.
• Malt, essence of, a weak antiscorbutic, 57, 504.
• —Of service in the beginning of scurvy, 146, 164.
• Manners, Lord Robert, his death lamented, 520.
• Marshes, their exhalations cause fevers, 43.
• Melasses, method of using it, 305.
• —Great utility of it, 308.
• Mixing of men, bad consequences of, 252, & seq.
• Moisture, the bad effects of it, 288.
• Mortality, method of calculating the proportion of it, 88.
• —Greater at sea from the want of an hospital and of proper diet, 143.
• —In the fleets and hospital at different periods, 205.
• —In the army in the West Indies, 206.
• —In England, 207.
• —Total in the fleet for three years and three months, 209.
• Mortification, an uncommon instance of it in the shoulder, 83.
• N.
• Necessaries, Surgeons, their quantity very inadequate, 302.
• New York, the fleet therein 1780, 38.
• —in 1782, 150.
• Nyctalopia, a symptom of the scurvy, 24, 501.
• Nymph frigate, account of her health, 164.
• O.
• Oatmeal, the abuse of it, 308.
• Observations, the difficulty of making them, 9.
• Officers, more affected by foul air than common men, 116, 137.
• Opium, advantage of combining with antimonials, 392.
• —With neutral salts, 395.
• —Its use in continued fevers, 404, 408.
• —Cautions and directions with regard to it in fluxes, 476, 479.
• —Its use in ulcers, 504.
• —The best method of giving it in the locked jaw, 532, & seq.
• Osbridge, Lieut, his ingenious contrivance for sweetening water, 331.
• P.
• Pediluvia hurtful in inflammatory fevers, 397.
• Petechiæ, a symptom in the ship fever, 377.
• Phthisis pulmonalis, not so common in the West Indies as Europe, 97.
• —but more rapid, ibid.
• Phœnix, Spanish Admiral’s ship, her excellent materials and construction, 53.
• Pigeon Island, remarkable proof of its healthiness, 228, & seq.
• Plague, its infection does not spread far, 298.
• —Means of preventing it from spreading, ibid. and 299.
• —Never known in tropical climates, 277, & seq.
• Porter, its effect in preventing scurvy, 320.
• Potatoes, raw, a remedy for scurvy, 60.
• —Proposed as an article of victualling, 309, & seq.
• Prudent, effects of soaking her timbers in pickle, 81.
• Pulmonic complaints, medicines adapted to them, 556.
• Putrefaction, simple, effluvia of it may produce fevers, 134, & seq.
• Q.
• Quick lime, the best preservative of water, 326, & seq.
• R.
• Recruits, new raised, the cause of sickness, 180.
• Returns, intention of them, 6, 7.
• —Specimens of them, 23.
• —Method of forming them into tables, 24.
• Rheumatism, forms of medicines adapted to it, 557.
• Royal Oak, cause of her health, 80.
• —Method of curing the scurvy on board, 81.
• Ruby, remarkably healthy, 167.
• S.
• St. Lucia, woody, mountainous, and rainy, 27.
• —Proportion of deaths at the hospital there, 195.
• Salt, the good effects of it in diet, 314.
• Sandwich, health of, on her first arrival, 19.
• Scorches, great numbers killed and wounded in this manner, 190.
• Scurvy, in a cruise to windward of Martinico, 49.
• —In a cruise near Jamaica, 121.
• —High degree of it in the Nonsuch, ibid.
• —On the passage to New York, 148.
• —Why less of it in the ships last from England, 147.
• —Its rapid progress in the latter part of a cruise, 148, & seq.
• —Method of curing it on board of the fleet at New York, 151.
• —Numbers that died of it according to Sir Richard Hawkins, 214.
• —In Commodore Anson’s Squadron, ibid.
• Scurvy, observations on it, 499.
• —What meant by the latent state of it, 505.
• —The best remedies for it, 506, & seq.
• —In what manner the nature of the diet induces it, 509.
• —Whether it is infectious, 516.
• Seasons in the West Indies, account of them, 28, & seq.
• Ships, new, not more unhealthy than others, 19, 52.
• —Disadvantage in changing their commanders, 80.
• —Why large ones most sickly, 128, 133, 253.
• Shingle ballast, the advantage of it, 289.
• Shoes of great use to seamen, 339.
• Sick, what the best place for them in a ship, 262.
• Sickness, method of calculating the proportion of it, 90.
• Situation, effects of the difference of it upon health, 28.
• Small-pox very prevalent in the fleet, 85.
• Sope supplied on board of the fleet, 145.
• —Its great utility, 151, 257.
• Sour krout, manner of using it, 305.
• Splinters more destructive than balls, 103.
• Spices good against noxious air, 230.
• Spruce beer, the great advantage of it, 320.
• Strangers communicate disease to each other without any apparent previous disease, 243.
• Surf, danger from it in watering at St. Lucia, 88.
• Surgeons, a greater proportion of mortality among them and their mates, 134.
• —Advantage of encouraging them, 266.
• Sweating of use in curing the ship fever, 388, & seq.
• —In the dysentery, 475.
• Sweet vegetables more antiscorbutic and medicinal in their natural state, 58.
• T.
• Tables, method of forming them, 90.
• Tenaculam recommended in amputation, 543.
• Thermometer, general range of it in the West Indies, 29.
• —Observations on it at Port Royal, 124.
• Thucydides, his observations on the plague at Athens, 296.
• U.
• Ulcers keep pace with scorbutic and feverish complaints, 132.
• —Proportion of them, 150.
• —Very frequent in the Barfleur, ibid.
• —Great effect of a cold climate in diminishing them, 156.
• —Form a considerable part of sea complaints, 221.
• —Apt to arise in scorbutic habits, 339, 500, 505.
• Uniform for common seamen recommended, 336.
• Union remarkably healthy, 167.
• —Subject only to inflammatory complaints, 173, 297.
• Urine, appearance of it in the yellow fever, 437, 440, & seq.
• V.
• Venereal disease, the medicines best adapted to the various forms of it, 559.
• Vernon, Admiral, health of his fleet compared with Lord Rodney’s, 131, 198.
• —The first who caused the spirits allowed the seamen to be diluted, 324, & seq.
• Victory, 12th of April, 1782, 99.
• —Its effects on the health of the men, 101, & seq.
• Ville de Paris, sickness and mortality on board after being captured, 115.
• —Foundered, 210.
• Vinegar, use of it in the navy, 302.
• —In the Roman armies, ibid.
• Vitriol, white, used as a remedy in intermittent fevers, 462.
• Vomit, black, the most dangerous symptom in the yellow fever, 436.
• W.
• Wall, Dr. recommends opium in low fevers, 393.
• War, why fleets most sickly in the beginning of it, 69.
• Warren, Dr., his successful treatment of a case of the locked jaw, 532.
• Water of springs preferable to running water, 324.
• —Quick lime the best preservative of it, 326.
• —Various other means of correcting it, 329.
• —Distillation from sea water recommended, 332.
• Watering duty dangerous and unwholesome, 88, 118.
• Well of a ship, great danger of foul air in it, 285.
• —Method of preventing it, ibid.
• Wind of a ball, the effects of it, 537.
• Wine, the great advantage of it in the French fleet, 322.
• —Superior to spirits, 324.
• —Its utility in continued fevers, 410.
• Women, why not so subject to acute diseases in the West Indies as men, 234.
• Wounds, number that died of, 209.
• —Account of those received in April, 1782, 520.
• Y.
• Yams used in place of bread, 76.
• Yellow fever, 425.
• Yellowness of the skin not always a symptom of malignity, 181.
• Z.
• Zinc, effects of it in obstinate intermittent fevers, 456.
• —Cases in which it is proper, 461.