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Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal proteid requirement of the healthy man / an experimental study cover

Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal proteid requirement of the healthy man / an experimental study

Chapter 14: COFFMAN.
By R. H. Chittenden
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About This Book

The author presents a systematic series of controlled human experiments aimed at establishing the minimal proteid (protein) intake required to maintain bodily health and functional efficiency. Methods for regulating diets, measuring metabolic and physical responses, and assessing mental and muscular performance are described, with attention to differing protein sources and customary dietary standards. Findings indicate that adequate health and work capacity can often be preserved with lower protein intake than commonly assumed, and the text discusses physiological economy, experimental limitations, and implications for dietary practice and further research.

BROYLES.

Date. Body-weight. Urine.
Volume. 24 hours. Sp. Gr. Nitrogen. Uric Acid. P₂O₅.
1903 kilos c.c. grams gram grams
Nov. 15 59.4 2500 1008 7.35
16 59.0 2600 1006
17 59.3 2600 1009 ⎫ 7.95
daily
average		 0.381
daily
average		 1.93
daily
average
18 58.7 2400 ⎪
19 58.0 1280 1014 ⎬
20 58.7 1800 1013 ⎪
21 58.5 2240 1008 ⎪
22 59.0 2100 1011 ⎭
23 58.0 1500 1009 ⎫ 6.98 0.326 1.36
24 57.7 1700 1011 ⎪
25 58.0 1080 1014 ⎪
26 57.8 1620 1016 ⎬
27 58.0 700 1026 ⎪
28 58.0 2100 1007 ⎪
29 58.0 1240 1015 ⎭
30 58.0 1880 1010 ⎫ 7.40 0.333 1.68
Dec. 1 57.5 1760 1010 ⎪
2 57.4 1700 1009 ⎪
3 57.4 1680 1011 ⎬
4 57.0 1280 1013 ⎪
5 57.0 1420 1017 ⎪
6 57.6 2600 1009 ⎭
7 57.6 600 1021 7.39 ⎫ 0.265 1.68
8 57.5 1960 1012 10.09 ⎪
9 57.5 2060 1010 8.53 ⎪
10 57.2 2280 1010 8.89 ⎬
11 56.4 800 1021 6.67 ⎪
12 56.8 660 1030 6.77 ⎪
13 56.5 920 1021 8.00 ⎭
14 56.6 1620 1013 ⎫ 7.48 0.319 1.28
15 56.4 1100 1015 ⎪
16 56.4 1090 1017 ⎪
17 56.2 990 1019 ⎬
18 56.2 590 1026 ⎪
19 56.0 750 1027 ⎪
20 56.1 630 1022 ⎭
21 56.1 1560 1012 ⎫ 6.41 0.289 0.91
22 56.0 1050 1014 ⎪
23 56.5 680 1023 ⎪
24 56.4 960 1020 ⎬
25 56.6 1235 1017 ⎪
26 56.5 950 1020 ⎪
27 56.9 1520 1012 ⎭
28 56.0 1265 1019 ⎫ 6.70 0.297 1.17
29 55.8 1560 1018 ⎪
30 55.6 1710 1009 ⎪
31 56.3 1135 1016 ⎬
1904 ⎪
Jan. 1 56.0 1110 1016 ⎪
2 56.7 1470 1014 ⎭
3 56.9
4 57.2 1790 1010 ⎫ 5.99 0.371 1.27
5 58.0 1100 1013 ⎪
6 57.1 640 1028 ⎪
7 56.6 1180 1004 ⎬
8 57.0 1190 1016 ⎪
9 57.6 810 1025 ⎪
10 56.8 1590 1010 ⎭
11 57.0 1820 1011 6.99
12 55.7 525 1027 5.38 0.621
13 55.9 530 1031 6.99 0.595
14 55.5 530 1032 7.47 0.514
15 55.0 1300 1077 9.67 0.428
16 56.0 1355 1016 7.65 0.386
17 55.6 800 1020 5.28 0.291
18 55.4 1770 1016 ⎫ 7.80 0.364 1.29
19 55.0 2080 1010 ⎪
20 55.6 1285 1017 ⎪
21 55.6 1570 1013 ⎬
22 56.0 2630 1007 ⎪
23 55.7 1330 1015 ⎪
24 56.9 1470 1015 ⎭
25 57.0 2140 1009 ⎫ 6.81 0.369 1.43
26 57.2 1670 1013 ⎪
27 58.4 2140 1015 ⎪
28 58.0 1030 1018 ⎬
29 58.0 1080 1010 ⎪
30 58.6 1080 1021 ⎪
31 58.8 1670 1015 ⎭
Feb. 1 58.4 770 1029 ⎫ 7.06 0.409 1.54
2 58.5 1020 1020 ⎪
3 59.0 1800 1020 ⎪
4 58.6 1390 1025 ⎬
5 59.0 1240 1025 ⎪
6 59.6 1280 1019 ⎪
7 59.0 990 1025 ⎭
8 58.3 1485 1017 ⎫ 7.91 0.438
9 59.4 1900 1013 ⎪
10 59.0 1530 1025 ⎪
11 59.0 1000 1023 ⎬
12 58.6 790 1031 ⎪
13 58.7 1030 1025 ⎪
14 58.9 1260 1015 ⎭
15 59.0 1000 1028 ⎫ 7.55 0.376
16 59.2 2110 1012 ⎪
17 59.3 1805 1017 ⎪
18 59.1 735 1026 ⎬
19 59.0 1260 1020 ⎪
20 59.0 1040 1020 ⎪
21 59.0 1775 1012 ⎭
22 59.3 1290 1019 ⎫ 6.18 0.423
23 59.5 2010 1011 ⎪
24 59.7 650 1027 ⎪
25 59.4 2300 1011 ⎬
26 60.5 1145 1019 ⎪
27 60.0 855 1025 ⎪
28 60.3 670 1031 ⎭
29 60.5 1310 1017 5.74 ⎫ 0.306
Mar. 1 60.3 1235 1022 9.26 ⎪
2 60.1 1550 1014 6.97 ⎪
3 60.2 1470 1014 6.18 ⎬
4 60.0 1580 1015 7.68 ⎪
5 60.5 2060 1008 5.56 ⎪
6 60.0 1755 1013 7.69 ⎭
7 60.0 1230 1016 ⎫ 9.99 0.428
8 60.2 950 1030 ⎪
9 60.5 1330 1017 ⎪
10 61.0 1620 1016 ⎬
11 60.5 1160 1029 ⎪
12 61.0 1350 1025 ⎪
13 61.6 1670 1015 ⎭
14 62.0 1540 1017 ⎫ 8.19 0.484
15 61.4 1160 1021 ⎪
16 61.4 1445 1016 ⎪
17 61.4 1610 1019 ⎬
18 61.5 1220 1018 ⎪
19 61.0 1145 1025 ⎪
20 61.3 1155 1017 ⎭
21 61.2 1230 1021 ⎫ 7.07 0.580
22 61.3 1350 1018 ⎪
23 61.2 1180 1019 ⎪
24 61.4 1490 1016 ⎬
25 61.3 1620 1018 ⎪
26 61.4 1040 1023 ⎪
27 61.0 1160 1021 ⎭
28 61.0 1640 1015 6.79 ⎫ 0.359
29 61.0 1400 1020 7.06 ⎪
30 61.0 2055 1014 7.27 ⎬
31 61.0 1190 1023 6.21 ⎪
Apr. 1 61.2 1320 1018 5.86 ⎪
2 61.0 1005 1028 5.61 ⎭
3 61.0 2025 1013 7.17
Daily average from Nov. 15 1396 1017 7.26 0.398 1.41

COFFMAN.

Date. Body-weight. Urine.
Volume. 24 hours. Sp. Gr. Nitrogen. Uric Acid. P₂O₅.
1903 kilos c.c. grams gram grams
Oct. 4 59.1 2140 1012 17.33 0.373 2.03
5 59.1 1780 1015 15.27
6 58.7 1070 1024 12.62 0.641 2.05
7 58.6 1800 1016 16.96
8 58.6 1120 1024 14.49 0.480 1.89
9 58.4 1150 1024 10.14
10 58.3 2180 1012 16.06
11 59.1 1580 1014 13.55 0.474 1.75
12 59.1 980 1025 12.99
13 59.0 1820 1014 14.85 0.613 2.50
14 59.2 1150 1025 13.94
15 58.9 2120 1013 16.03 0.337 2.23
16 59.0 1220 1019 14.41
17 59.0 1680 1019 12.60
18 59.6 2720 1011 13.87 0.453 1.86
19 59.4 2360 1017 23.64 3.01
20 58.3 1320 1019 ⎫ 13.21
daily
average		 0.475
daily
average		 1.76
daily
average
21 59.1 1030 1024 ⎪
22 59.2 650 1029 ⎬
23 59.6 1640 1017 ⎪
24 59.8 1320 1022 ⎪
25 60.0 2300 1013 ⎭
26 59.8 1440 1022 ⎫ 11.40 0.524 1.91
27 59.8 1280 1020 ⎪
28 60.2 1200 1017 ⎬
29 60.2 1000 1017 ⎪
30 59.6 820 1030 ⎪
Nov. 1 59.7 1020 1020 ⎭
2 59.4 700 1031 ⎫ 8.71 0.430 1.61
3 60.0 880 1025 ⎪
4 59.6 560 1031 ⎪
5 59.3 540 1032 ⎬
6 59.1 440 1036 ⎪
7 58.6 460 1035 ⎪
8 58.4 420 1035 ⎭
9 58.6 700 1030 ⎫ 8.61 0.431 1.12
10 59.0 620 1030 ⎪
11 58.5 600 1029 ⎪
12 58.7 840 1028 ⎬
13 58.7 600 1032 ⎪
14 58.7 600 1033 ⎪
15 58.9 920 1021 ⎭
16 58.7 720 1030 ⎫ 8.41 0.395 1.30
17 58.4 720 1031 ⎪
18 59.3 720 1027 ⎪
19 58.7 980 1026 ⎬
20 59.0 1400 1022 ⎪
21 59.2 600 1029 ⎪
22 58.7 800 1031 ⎭
23 59.0 640 1026 ⎫ 8.72 0.439 1.49
24 59.5 1120 1022 ⎪
25 59.6 1280 1017 ⎪
26 59.0 820 1028 ⎬
27 59.0 740 1030 ⎪
28 59.0 360 1031 ⎪
29 59.2 1060 1029 ⎭
30 59.2 760 1032 ⎫ 11.14 0.586 1.52
Dec. 1 58.9 1140 1027 ⎪
2 59.5 780 1026 ⎪
3 58.5 800 1030 ⎬
4 59.5 860 1030 ⎪
5 59.5 920 1030 ⎪
6 59.5 760 1032 ⎭
7 59.4 860 1030 ⎫ 9.95 0.400 1.62
8 59.4 540 1030 ⎪
9 59.0 660 1034 ⎪
10 59.0 640 1033 ⎬
11 58.3 580 1034 ⎪
12 59.1 800 1032 ⎪
13 58.5 680 1030 ⎭
14 57.3 560 1032 ⎫ 7.79 0.372 1.25
15 58.3 680 1025 ⎪
16 58.5 910 1021 ⎪
17 58.4 700 1024 ⎬
18 58.4 1110 1018 ⎪
19 57.8 600 1030 ⎪
20 57.3 550 1032 ⎭
21 58.0 600 1031 ⎫ 7.31 0.288
22 57.7 470 1037 ⎪
23 58.0 645 1031 ⎪
24 58.3 900 1014 ⎬
25 57.8 730 1028 ⎪
26 58.0 1085 1014 ⎪
27 58.0 1000 1021 ⎭
28 57.6 1035 1016 ⎫ 7.60 0.246 1.20
29 57.2 1145 1015 ⎪
30 57.4 1002 1023 ⎪
31 57.4 1300 1016 ⎬
1904 ⎪
Jan. 1 57.6 1240 1020 ⎪
2 56.4 950 1018 ⎪
3 57.0 1038 1021 ⎭
4 57.6 1325 1008 ⎫ 7.16 0.271 1.28
5 58.2 1640 1014 ⎪
6 58.6 1090 1017 ⎪
7 58.0 1090 1015 ⎬
8 57.4 785 1026 ⎪
9 57.7 710 1028 ⎪
10 57.4 1080 1014 ⎭
11 57.0 600 1027 8.14
12 57.0 930 1020 8.82 0.508
13 56.9 580 1031 8.28 0.508
14 56.7 1040 1018 8.30 0.312
15 56.5 650 1033 7.91 0.352
16 56.5 1130 1017 7.32 0.305
17 56.5 800 1025 7.44 0.315
18 56.4 1540 1012 ⎫ 6.95 0.301 1.11
19 56.4 1510 1016 ⎪
20 56.5 1220 1016 ⎪
21 56.2 505 1033 ⎬
22 56.3 900 1019 ⎪
23 56.4 1325 1013 ⎪
24 56.2 510 1030 ⎭
25 56.6 1460 1012 ⎫ 7.55 0.340 1.09
26 56.7 1400 1015 ⎪
27 56.7 1520 1018 ⎪
28 57.0 1720 1013 ⎬
29 56.5 520 1035 ⎪
30 56.5 870 1028 ⎪
31 56.7 980 1024 ⎭
Feb. 1 56.2 700 1032 ⎫ 7.56 0.362 1.24
2 56.9 1310 1020 ⎪
3 57.2 1120 1024 ⎪
4 57.3 1260 1028 ⎬
5 58.0 1970 1018 ⎪
6 57.0 810 1022 ⎪
7 56.8 780 1030 ⎭
8 56.6 1130 1021 ⎫ 8.65 0.420
9 57.0 1300 1020 ⎪
10 56.8 1140 1025 ⎪
11 57.4 1340 1020 ⎬
12 57.2 1360 1023 ⎪
13 57.0 1020 1025 ⎪
14 57.0 1720 1014 ⎭
15 56.5 890 1032 ⎫ 8.18 0.318
16 57.2 1190 1025 ⎪
17 57.4 1250 1019 ⎪
18 57.0 1630 1015 ⎬
19 56.7 1225 1025 ⎪
20 57.0 900 1025 ⎪
21 57.0 1590 1016 ⎭
22 57.0 985 1028 ⎫ 7.62 0.395
23 57.0 1465 1013 ⎪
24 56.7 1160 1020 ⎪
25 56.5 1340 1016 ⎬
26 56.3 1015 1017 ⎪
27 56.0 630 1032 ⎪
28 56.7 1205 1027 ⎭
29 57.0 1530 1017 8.63 ⎫ 0.365
Mar. 1 57.0 1030 1022 7.48 ⎪
2 56.8 1295 1020 8.62 ⎪
3 56.7 1040 1022 7.18 ⎬
4 56.0 1130 1023 7.93 ⎪
5 56.5 1540 1014 7.67 ⎪
6 56.6 1105 1024 7.95 ⎭
7 56.3 1190 1018 ⎫ 8.27 0.338
8 56.5 1350 1017 ⎪
9 56.2 880 1031 ⎪
10 56.8 1500 1016 ⎬
11 56.9 1120 1024 ⎪
12 56.6 1600 1018 ⎪
13 57.2 1230 1022 ⎭
14 57.0 1150 1022 ⎫ 8.07 0.288
15 57.3 1580 1014 ⎪
16 57.3 1290 1023 ⎪
17 57.5 1355 1018 ⎬
18 58.0 1635 1016 ⎪
19 56.8 1320 1020 ⎪
20 57.0 1085 1021 ⎭
21 57.4 1030 1023 ⎫ 8.50 0.478
22 57.7 1970 1013 ⎪
23 57.4 1670 1013 ⎪
24 57.0 870 1031 ⎬
25 57.0 1000 1024 ⎪
26 57.3 1320 1023 ⎪
27 58.0 1500 1018 ⎭
28 58.1 1485 1019 8.37 ⎫ 0.371
29 58.0 1580 1021 8.06 ⎪
30 57.8 1415 1019 6.88 ⎬
31 57.8 1285 1026 7.78 ⎪
Apr. 1 57.8 1135 1023 7.32 ⎭
2 57.0 1415 1022 6.45
3 58.0 2000 1018 4.12
Daily average from Nov. 2 1034 1024 8.17 0.379 1.23

SLINEY.

Date. Body-weight. Urine.
Volume. 24 hours. Sp. Gr. Nitrogen. Uric Acid. P₂O₅.
1904 kilos c.c. grams gram grams
Oct. 21 61.3 1990 1021 22.68
23 61.2 1200 1025 16.77
24 61.2 1290 1027 17.58
25 61.4 1700 1016 15.72 0.686 2.59
27 62.4 1240 1024 ⎫ 11.10
daily
average		 0.664
daily
average		 1.26
daily
average
28 62.0 840 1025 ⎪
29 62.2 630 1030 ⎬
30 62.2 820 1029 ⎪
31 62.0 960 ⎪
Nov. 1 62.1 780 1030 ⎭
2 61.7 940 1027 ⎫ 10.39 0.579 1.49
3 62.4 1020 1026 ⎪
4 61.5 820 1028 ⎪
5 61.7 650 1028 ⎬
6 62.0 860 1022 ⎪
7 61.5 780 1029 ⎪
8 61.5 720 1026 ⎭
9 61.7 1180 1020 ⎫ 9.71 0.625 1.39
10 62.0 620 1028 ⎪
11 61.8 880 1027 ⎪
12 61.8 1000 1027 ⎬
13 61.6 920 1028 ⎪
14 61.4 640 1031 ⎪
15 61.0 920 1026 ⎭
16 60.5 1000 1026 ⎫ 9.27 0.538 1.12
17 60.4 1080 1026 ⎪
18 61.1 880 1029 ⎪
19 60.9 940 1020 ⎬
20 61.3 1020 1015 ⎪
21 60.9 640 1032 ⎪
22 60.4 800 1029 ⎭
23 61.1 820 1021 ⎫ 8.66 0.650 1.07
24 60.6 700 1027 ⎪
25 60.6 780 1023 ⎪
26 60.8 780 1031 ⎬
27 61.7 1240 1020 ⎪
28 61.3 1080 1021 ⎪
29 61.2 1000 1029 ⎭
30 60.5 820 1029 ⎫ 10.12 0.677 1.88
Dec. 1 60.8 820 1026 ⎪
2 60.0 600 1030 ⎪
3 60.9 940 1015 ⎬
4 60.9 1000 1024 ⎪
5 59.9 1580 1016 ⎪
6 61.0 840 1029 ⎭
7 60.4 760 1028 8.40 ⎫ 0.671 1.66
8 60.4 920 1022 9.71 ⎪
9 61.0 1000 1020 8.94 ⎪
10 60.5 740 1025 8.66 ⎬
11 59.9 760 1031 11.43 ⎪
12 60.0 660 1033 9.78 ⎪
13 59.9 880 1030 11.98 ⎭
14 60.3 1120 1024 ⎫ 10.20 0.652 1.23
15 59.5 1060 1021 ⎪
16 59.9 710 1030 ⎪
17 59.9 880 1027 ⎬
18 60.2 1200 1021 ⎪
19 60.0 1125 1015 ⎪
20 60.0 1210 1021 ⎭
21 60.0 715 1026 ⎫ 8.97 0.606
22 59.5 940 1021 ⎪
23 60.0 895 1023 ⎪
24 59.9 1010 1018 ⎬
25 59.8 1084 1026 ⎪
26 61.0 940 1028 ⎪
27 60.0 735 1023 ⎭
28 59.8 1250 1019 ⎫ 7.20 0.515 1.29
29 59.7 1020 1020 ⎪
30 60.0 1760 1016 ⎪
31 60.0 980 1022 ⎬
1904 ⎪
Jan. 1 60.0 1370 1014 ⎪
2 60.0 1152 1017 ⎪
3 60.4 1035 1025 ⎭
4 61.0 1210 1014 ⎫ 6.67 0.535 1.35
5 61.0 1090 1017 ⎪
6 61.0 1400 1020 ⎪
7 60.8 1140 1020 ⎬
8 60.0 ⎪
9 60.0 620 1028 ⎪
10 60.6 1200 1020 ⎭
11 61.8 1230 1015 7.23
12 61.3 560 1027 5.94 0.953
13 60.7 625 1029 8.44 0.988
14 60.7 600 1030 7.42 0.674
15 60.4 675 1032 7.89 0.693
16 60.5 500 1030 7.23 0.584
17 60.5 700 1030 8.15 0.691
18 60.3 500 1032 ⎫ 8.13 0.303 1.22
19 60.5 730 1026 ⎪
20 60.6 920 1021 ⎪
21 60.4 ⎬
22 60.4 660 1017 ⎪
23 60.0 920 1030 ⎪
24 60.0 1320 1018 ⎭
25 60.2 1220 1017 ⎫ 7.14 0.686 0.98
26 60.0 1260 1018 ⎪
27 60.2 845 1024 ⎪
28 60.3 560 1031 ⎬
29 60.0 1030 1024 ⎪
30 60.4 1330 1020 ⎪
31 60.6 1125 1019 ⎭
Feb. 1 60.7 830 1027 ⎫ 7.13 0.645 1.17
2 60.8 1695 1016 ⎪
3 61.0 1760 1015 ⎪
4 61.3 1060 1025 ⎬
5 61.2 1300 1021 ⎪
6 61.8 1880 1014 ⎪
7 61.8 1260 1027 ⎭
8 62.4 920 1021 ⎫ 7.66 0.647
9 62.5 1500 1022 ⎪
10 62.6 1145 1026 ⎪
11 62.3 710 1019 ⎬
12 61.0 1350 1015 ⎪
13 61.6 1030 1027 ⎪
14 61.5 780 1029 ⎭
15 61.5 1010 1030 ⎫ 8.07 0.600
16 61.7 1175 1025 ⎪
17 62.1 1680 1017 ⎪
18 62.0 1010 1024 ⎬
19 61.6 770 1028 ⎪
20 61.0 710 1030 ⎪
21 61.0 1240 1021 ⎭
22 61.2 1450 1017 ⎫ 8.86 0.746
23 61.6 1425 1017 ⎪
24 62.0 ⎬
26 62.4 ⎪
27 61.4 1080 1019 ⎪
28 61.4 835 1029 ⎭
29 61.0 800 1030 9.50 ⎫ 0.697
Mar. 1 61.4 775 1028 8.09 ⎪
2 61.0 760 1030 7.97 ⎪
3 60.8 920 1023 7.78 ⎬
4 61.0 960 1027 7.49 ⎪
5 61.0 790 1029 7.54 ⎪
6 61.0 980 1028 8.23 ⎭
7 61.0
8 61.0 1480 1017 ⎫ 7.65 0.672
9 61.2 1960 1012 ⎪
10 61.0 740 1028 ⎬
11 60.8 950 1029 ⎪
12 61.0 1370 1020 ⎪
13 60.8 1310 1021 ⎭
14 61.0 1460 1014 ⎫ 7.72 0.572
15 61.2 1155 1019 ⎪
16 61.3 1100 1025 ⎪
17 61.0 1465 1013 ⎬
18 60.9 1300 1020 ⎪
19 61.3 2270 1012 ⎪
20 61.6 1040 1025 ⎭
21 61.2 1020 1027 ⎫ 8.64 0.765
22 61.4 1210 1019 ⎪
23 61.0 760 1029 ⎪
24 60.5 900 1024 ⎬
25 60.6 840 1029 ⎪
26 60.8 890 1030 ⎪
27 61.0 1000 1024 ⎭
28 61.0 870 1026 7.09 ⎫ 0.502
29 61.0 825 1030 7.37 ⎪
30 60.8 1080 1027 8.10 ⎬
31 60.6 1030 1026 7.47 ⎪
Apr. 1 60.6 1130 1021 6.78 ⎭
2 60.0 1590 1016 6.20
3 60.6 1860 1013 6.59
Daily average from Nov. 1 1021 1024 8.39 0.647 1.32