Monday, May 23, 1904.
Breakfast.—Banana 70 grams, roll 64 grams, butter 9 grams, coffee 75 grams, cream 85 grams, sugar 10 grams.
Lunch.—Boiled eggs 73 grams, fried potato 75 grams, bread 58 grams, butter 11.5 grams, apple sauce 90 grams, coffee 75 grams, cream 35 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Dinner.—Bacon 35 grams, potato croquette 47 grams, bread 39 grams, butter 9.5 grams, chocolate 45 grams, coffee 100 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 15 grams, water ice 151 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banana | 70 | × | 0.23 | = | 0.161 | grams. | |
| Butter | 9 + 11.5 + 9.5 = | 30 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.045 | |
| Cream | 85 + 35 + 50 = | 170 | × | 0.45 | = | 0.765 | |
| Sugar | 10 + 21 + 15 = | 46 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Roll | 64 | × | 1.63 | = | 1.043 | ||
| Coffee | 72 + 75 + 100 = | 250 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.150 | |
| Fried potato | 75 | × | 0.60 | = | 0.450 | ||
| Bread | 58 | × | 1.64 | = | 0.951 | ||
| Eggs | 73 | × | 2.07 | = | 1.511 | ||
| Apple sauce | 90 | × | 0.02 | = | 0.018 | ||
| Potato croquette | 47 | × | 0.77 | = | 0.362 | ||
| Bacon | 35 | × | 3.28 | = | 1.148 | ||
| Bread | 39 | × | 1.75 | = | 0.683 | ||
| Chocolate | 45 | × | 0.73 | = | 0.329 | ||
| Water ice | 151 | × | 0.006 | = | 0.009 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 7.625 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 6.480 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2041 calories. |
Tuesday, May 24, 1904.
Breakfast.—Orange 80 grams, boiled rice 105 grams, roll 55 grams, butter 9 grams, coffee 100 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 30 grams.
Lunch.—Soup 100 grams, fried potato 80 grams, boiled onions 130 grams, bread 44.5 grams, butter 12.5 grams, stewed prunes 108 grams, coffee 100 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Dinner.—Hamburg steak 84 grams, mashed potato 135 grams, bread 14 grams, butter 3 grams, cream pie 153 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice | 105 | × | 0.36 | = | 0.378 | grams. | |
| Coffee | 100 + 100 = | 200 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.120 | |
| Orange | 80 | × | 0.20 | = | 0.160 | ||
| Roll | 55 | × | 1.64 | = | 0.902 | ||
| Butter | 9 + 12.5 + 3 = | 24.5 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.037 | |
| Sugar | 30 + 21 = | 51 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Cream | 50 + 50 = | 100 | × | 0.45 | = | 0.450 | |
| Bread | 44.5 | × | 1.66 | = | 0.739 | ||
| Prunes | 108 | × | 0.17 | = | 0.184 | ||
| Soup (celery) | 100 | × | 0.48 | = | 0.480 | ||
| Onions | 130 | × | 0.30 | = | 0.390 | ||
| Potato (fried) | 80 | × | 0.25 | = | 0.200 | ||
| Potato (mashed) | 135 | × | 0.46 | = | 0.621 | ||
| Hamburg steak | 84 | × | 3.96 | = | 3.326 | ||
| Bread | 14 | × | 1.82 | = | 0.255 | ||
| Cream pie | 153 | × | 0.93 | = | 1.423 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 9.665 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 7.640 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2174 calories. |
NITROGEN BALANCE.—Jacobus.
| Nitrogen Taken in. |
Output. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen in Urine. | Weight of Fæces (dry). | ||||||
| May | 18 | 9.920 | grams. | 6.75 | grams. | 5.0 | grams. |
| 19 | 8.914 | 6.27 | 10.0 | ||||
| 20 | 11.844 | 7.29 | 30.0 | ||||
| 21 | 9.835 | 7.07 | 28.3 | ||||
| 22 | 9.827 | 7.62 | 20.7 | ||||
| 23 | 7.625 | 6.48 | 18.8 | ||||
| 24 | 9.665 | 7.64 | 32.0 | ||||
| 144.8 | grams contain 6.58 % N. |
||||||
| 67.630 | 49.12 | + | 9.528 | grams nitrogen. | |||
| 67.630 | grams nitrogen. | 58.648 | grams nitrogen. | ||||
| Nitrogen balance for seven days | = | +8.982 | grams. |
| Nitrogen balance per day | = | +1.283 | grams. |
Average Intake.
| Calories per day | 2542. |
| Nitrogen per day | 9.661 grams. |
During this balance period of seven days, 67.630 grams of nitrogen were taken in with the food, while 49.12 grams of nitrogen were excreted through the urine and 9.528 grams were passed out through the fæces. This means a large plus balance of 8.98 grams of nitrogen for the entire period, showing that the body was being supplied with considerably more proteid than was necessary for the establishment of nitrogen equilibrium. The average daily intake of nitrogen was 9.661 grams, whereas this might have been reduced to 8.4 grams per day with perfect assurance of nitrogen equilibrium being maintained. Further, it is to be noticed that the average daily intake of food for this period had a fuel value of only 2542 calories. The average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen during the balance period was only 7.01 grams, while the average daily excretion for the last two months of the experiment amounted to 7.43 grams.
With Schenker the following results were obtained:
SCHENKER.
Wednesday, May 18, 1904.
Breakfast.—None.
Lunch.—Bread 53 grams, butter 22 grams, stewed potato 148 grams, string beans 110 grams.
Dinner.—Consommé 200 grams, bread 84 grams, butter 35 grams, Hamburg steak 119 grams, boiled potato 200 grams, spinach 100 grams, apple pie 138 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 53 | × | 1.60 | = | 0.848 | grams. | |
| Stewed potato | 148 | × | 0.32 | = | 0.474 | ||
| Butter | 22 + 35 = | 57 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.086 | |
| String beans | 110 | × | 0.34 | = | 0.374 | ||
| Consommé | 200 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.760 | ||
| Bread | 84 | × | 1.80 | = | 1.512 | ||
| Hamburg steak | 119 | × | 3.64 | = | 4.332 | ||
| Potato | 200 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.760 | ||
| Spinach | 100 | × | 0.53 | = | 0.530 | ||
| Apple pie | 138 | × | 0.43 | = | 0.593 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 10.269 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.770 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2006 calories. |
Thursday, May 19, 1904.
Breakfast.—None.
Lunch.—Bread 82 grams, butter 32 grams, potato 232 grams, omelette 60 grams, apple-tapioca 180 grams.
Dinner.—Tomato soup 200 grams, bread 57 grams, butter 15 grams, macaroni 107 grams, fried sweet potato 100 grams, bacon 28 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 82 | × | 1.60 | = | 1.312 | grams. | |
| Butter | 32 + 15 = | 47 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.071 | |
| Potato | 232 | × | 0.49 | = | 1.137 | ||
| Omelette | 60 | × | 1.58 | = | 0.948 | ||
| Apple-tapioca | 180 | × | 0.28 | = | 0.504 | ||
| Bread | 57 | × | 1.74 | = | 0.992 | ||
| Tomato soup | 200 | × | 0.53 | = | 1.060 | ||
| Macaroni | 107 | × | 0.93 | = | 0.995 | ||
| Bacon | 28 | × | 3.00 | = | 0.840 | ||
| Fried sweet potato | 100 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.380 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 8.239 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.730 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 1900 calories. |
Friday, May 20, 1904.
Breakfast.—Orange 70 grams, baked potato 142 grams, roll 84 grams, butter 32.5 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Lunch.—Fish-ball 85 grams, potato 175 grams, lima beans 60 grams, bread 57 grams, butter 17 grams, bread pudding 336 grams.
Dinner.—Consommé 150 grams, halibut 110 grams, potato 186 grams, string beans 50 grams, bread 72 grams, butter 18 grams, cranberry sauce 163 grams, sugar 19 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orange | 70 | × | 0.20 | = | 0.140 | grams. | |
| Butter | 32.5 + 17 + 18 = | 67.5 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.101 | |
| Roll | 84 | × | 1.72 | = | 1.445 | ||
| Coffee | 150 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.090 | ||
| Cream | 50 | × | 0.44 | = | 0.220 | ||
| Sugar | 21 + 19 = | 40 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Potato | 142 | × | 0.40 | = | 0.568 | ||
| Potato | 175 | × | 0.30 | = | 0.525 | ||
| Fish-ball | 85 | × | 1.22 | = | 1.037 | ||
| Bread | 57 | × | 1.71 | = | 0.975 | ||
| Bread pudding | 336 | × | 0.99 | = | 3.326 | ||
| Lima beans | 60 | × | 0.76 | = | 0.456 | ||
| Bread | 72 | × | 1.97 | = | 1.418 | ||
| Potato | 186 | × | 0.34 | = | 0.632 | ||
| Fish (halibut) | 110 | × | 3.18 | = | 3.498 | ||
| String beans | 50 | × | 0.36 | = | 0.180 | ||
| Cranberry sauce | 163 | × | 0.03 | = | 0.049 | ||
| Consommé | 150 | × | 0.59 | = | 0.885 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 15.545 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 12.480 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2798 calories. |
Saturday, May 21, 1904.
Breakfast.—Banana 184 grams, cream 80 grams, boiled Indian-meal 155 grams, baked potato 140.5 grams, butter 15 grams, sugar 7 grams.
Lunch.—Lamb chop 25 grams, tomato 148 grams, potato croquette 147 grams, fried Indian-meal 47.5 grams, syrup 48 grams, bread 35 grams, water ice 162 grams.
Dinner.—Bean soup 150 grams, bread 25 grams, butter 19 grams, bacon 29 grams, fried potato 150 grams, orange salad 67 grams, stewed prunes 208 grams, cream 50 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boiled Indian-meal | 155 | × | 0.17 | = | 0.264 | grams. | |
| Banana | 184 | × | 0.23 | = | 0.423 | ||
| Cream | 80 + 50 = | 130 | × | 0.43 | = | 0.559 | |
| Baked potato | 140.5 | × | 0.40 | = | 0.562 | ||
| Sugar | 7 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | ||
| Butter | 15 + 19 = | 34 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.051 | |
| Lamb chop | 25 | × | 4.63 | = | 1.158 | ||
| Tomato | 148 | × | 0.17 | = | 0.252 | ||
| Potato croquette | 147 | × | 0.71 | = | 1.044 | ||
| Bread | 35 | × | 1.82 | = | 0.637 | ||
| Fried Indian-meal | 47.5 | × | 1.09 | = | 0.518 | ||
| Syrup | 48 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.012 | ||
| Water ice | 162 | × | 0.012 | = | 0.019 | ||
| Bread | 25 | × | 1.62 | = | 0.405 | ||
| Orange salad | 67 | × | 0.21 | = | 0.141 | ||
| Stewed prunes | 208 | × | 0.16 | = | 0.332 | ||
| Fried potato | 150 | × | 0.60 | = | 0.900 | ||
| Bacon | 29 | × | 3.05 | = | 0.885 | ||
| Bean soup | 150 | × | 1.21 | = | 1.815 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 9.977 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.760 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2661 calories. |
Sunday, May 22, 1904.
Breakfast.—Orange 126 grams, baked potato 169 grams, roll 43 grams, butter 15 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 53 grams, butter 15.5 grams, macaroni 165 grams, potato 150 grams, fried rice 114 grams, syrup 48 grams, ice cream 148 grams, cake 45 grams.
Dinner.—Celery soup 150 grams, fried potato 50 grams, spinach 40 grams, mashed potato 50 grams, chicken 85 grams, strawberry short-cake 213 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orange | 126 | × | 0.20 | = | 0.252 | grams. | |
| Roll | 43 | × | 1.67 | = | 0.718 | ||
| Butter | 15 + 15.5 = | 30.5 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.046 | |
| Potato | 169 | × | 0.40 | = | 0.676 | ||
| Bread | 53 | × | 1.57 | = | 0.832 | ||
| Macaroni | 165 | × | 0.46 | = | 0.759 | ||
| Potato | 150 | × | 0.30 | = | 0.450 | ||
| Cake | 45 | × | 1.20 | = | 0.540 | ||
| Ice cream | 148 | × | 0.53 | = | 0.784 | ||
| Fried rice | 114 | × | 0.75 | = | 0.855 | ||
| Syrup | 48 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.012 | ||
| Fried potato | 50 | × | 0.57 | = | 0.285 | ||
| Spinach | 40 | × | 0.55 | = | 0.220 | ||
| Chicken | 85 | × | 3.02 | = | 2.567 | ||
| Strawberry short-cake | 213 | × | 0.50 | = | 1.065 | ||
| Celery soup | 150 | × | 0.33 | = | 0.495 | ||
| Mashed potato | 50 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.185 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 10.741 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 9.980 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2788 calories. |
Monday, May 23, 1904.
Breakfast.—Banana 225 grams, griddle cakes 127 grams, syrup 96 grams, roll 62 grams, butter 9.5 grams.
Lunch.—Consommé 100 grams, scrambled eggs 82 grams, fried potato 150 grams, rice croquette 150 grams, syrup 72 grams, bread 24 grams, butter 15 grams, apple sauce 125 grams.
Dinner.—Vegetable soup 100 grams, bread 51 grams, butter 17 grams, bacon 59 grams, potato croquette 80 grams, macaroni 100 grams, water ice 184 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banana | 225 | × | 0.23 | = | 0.518 | grams. | |
| Griddle cakes | 127 | × | 0.91 | = | 1.156 | ||
| Butter | 9.5 + 15 + 17 = | 41.5 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.062 | |
| Roll | 62 | × | 1.63 | = | 1.011 | ||
| Syrup | 96 + 72 = | 168 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.040 | |
| Scrambled eggs | 82 | × | 2.07 | = | 1.697 | ||
| Fried potato | 150 | × | 0.60 | = | 0.900 | ||
| Rice croquette | 150 | × | 0.61 | = | 0.915 | ||
| Apple sauce | 125 | × | 0.020 | = | 0.025 | ||
| Consommé | 100 | × | 0.65 | = | 0.650 | ||
| Bread | 24 | × | 1.64 | = | 0.394 | ||
| Bread | 51 | × | 1.75 | = | 0.893 | ||
| Bacon | 59 | × | 3.28 | = | 1.935 | ||
| Potato croquette | 80 | × | 0.77 | = | 0.610 | ||
| Macaroni | 100 | × | 0.87 | = | 0.870 | ||
| Water ice | 184 | × | 0.006 | = | 0.011 | ||
| Vegetable soup | 100 | × | 0.48 | = | 0.480 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 12.167 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 10.040 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 3100 calories. |
Tuesday, May 24, 1904.
Breakfast.—None.
Lunch.—Cream of celery soup 100 grams, bread 35 grams, butter 10 grams, farina croquette 88 grams, potato 150 grams, stewed prunes 176 grams.
Dinner.—Tomato soup 150 grams, Hamburg steak 77 grams, potato 150 grams, spinach 75 grams, farina croquette 107 grams, syrup 48 grams, bread 30.5 grams, butter 7.5 grams, cream pie 162 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bread | 35 | × | 1.64 | = | 0.574 | grams. | |
| Butter | 10 + 7.5 = | 17.5 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.026 | |
| Farina croquette | 88 | × | 0.74 | = | 0.651 | ||
| Potato | 150 | × | 0.26 | = | 0.390 | ||
| Prunes | 176 | × | 0.17 | = | 0.299 | ||
| Cream of celery soup | 100 | × | 0.48 | = | 0.480 | ||
| Tomato soup | 150 | × | 0.19 | = | 0.285 | ||
| Hamburg steak | 77 | × | 3.96 | = | 3.049 | ||
| Potato (fried) | 150 | × | 0.46 | = | 0.690 | ||
| Spinach | 75 | × | 0.54 | = | 0.405 | ||
| Bread | 30.5 | × | 1.82 | = | 0.555 | ||
| Cream pie | 162 | × | 0.93 | = | 1.507 | ||
| Farina croquette | 107 | × | 0.76 | = | 0.813 | ||
| Syrup | 48 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.012 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 9.736 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.710 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2151 calories. |
NITROGEN BALANCE.—Schenker.
| Nitrogen Taken in. |
Output. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen in Urine. | Weight of Fæces (dry). | ||||||
| May | 18 | 10.269 | grams. | 8.77 | grams. | 8.0 | grams. |
| 19 | 8.239 | 8.73 | 41.0 | ||||
| 20 | 15.545 | 12.48 | 26.5 | ||||
| 21 | 9.977 | 8.76 | 43.4 | ||||
| 22 | 10.741 | 9.98 | 29.0 | ||||
| 23 | 12.167 | 10.04 | 14.7 | ||||
| 24 | 9.736 | 8.71 | 20.5 | ||||
| 11.0 | |||||||
| 193.4 | grams contain 6.50% N. |
||||||
| 76.674 | 67.47 | + | 12.571 | grams nitrogen. | |||
| 76.674 | grams nitrogen. | 80.041 | grams nitrogen. | ||||
| Nitrogen balance for seven days | = | -3.367 | grams. |
| Nitrogen balance per day | = | -0.481 | gram. |
Average Intake.
| Calories per day | 2486. |
| Nitrogen per day | 10.95 grams. |
In this seven days’ balance trial, there were taken in with the food 76.674 grams of nitrogen, with an output of 67.47 grams of nitrogen through the urine and 12.571 grams through the fæces, thus showing a minus balance of 3.367 grams of nitrogen for the seven days. The fuel value of the food averaged 2486 calories per day, while the average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen amounted to 9.63 grams. Schenker’s daily nitrogen excretion for the last two months of the experiment averaged 9.82 grams. Presumably, the slight minus balance of nitrogen was due to the relatively small fuel value of the food, which doubtless was not quite sufficient for the body-weight, and the degree of bodily activity then prevailing.
With G. W. Anderson, a plus balance was obtained as follows:
G. W. ANDERSON.
Wednesday May 18, 1904.
Breakfast.—Banana 103 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 42 grams, cream 125 grams, fried rice 45 grams, baked potato 92 grams, roll 65 grams, butter 11 grams.
Lunch.—Soup 150 grams, farina croquette 88 grams, sweet potato 206 grams, string beans 75 grams, bread 62 grams, butter 15.5 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 30 grams.
Dinner.—Consommé 200 grams, bread 59 grams, butter 20 grams, Hamburg steak 109 grams, mashed potato 150 grams, coffee 200 grams, cream 30 grams, sugar 24 grams, spinach 100 grams, apple pie 150 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butter | 11 + 15.5 + 20 = | 46.5 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.070 | grams. |
| Sugar | 42 + 24 + 14 = | 80.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Banana | 103.0 | × | 0.23 | = | 0.237 | ||
| Cream | 125 + 30 + 30 = | 185.0 | × | 0.46 | = | 0.851 | |
| Fried rice | 45.0 | × | 0.75 | = | 0.338 | ||
| Roll | 65.0 | × | 1.66 | = | 1.079 | ||
| Potato | 92.0 | × | 0.39 | = | 0.359 | ||
| Coffee | 150 + 150 + 200 = | 500.0 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.300 | |
| Bread | 62.0 | × | 1.60 | = | 0.992 | ||
| Soup | 150.0 | × | 0.41 | = | 0.615 | ||
| Farina croquette | 88.0 | × | 1.09 | = | 0.959 | ||
| Sweet potato | 206.0 | × | 0.32 | = | 0.659 | ||
| String beans | 75.0 | × | 0.34 | = | 0.255 | ||
| Bread | 59.0 | × | 1.80 | = | 1.062 | ||
| Soup (consommé) | 200.0 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.760 | ||
| Hamburg steak | 109.0 | × | 3.64 | = | 3.968 | ||
| Potato | 150.0 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.570 | ||
| Spinach | 100.0 | × | 0.53 | = | 0.530 | ||
| Apple pie | 150.0 | × | 0.43 | = | 0.645 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 14.249 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.870 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 3323 calories. |
Thursday, May 19, 1904.
Breakfast.—Banana 170 grams, cream 140 grams, sugar 28 grams, coffee 150 grams, baked potato 127 grams, rolls 47 grams, butter 15 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 50 grams, butter 18 grams, fried potato 150 grams, fried hominy 100 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Soup 200 grams, fried sweet potato 70 grams, macaroni 125 grams, spinach 105 grams, bacon 13 grams, butter 15 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 40 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banana | 170 | × | 0.23 | = | 0.391 | grams. | |
| Cream | 140 + 50 + 40 = | 230 | × | 0.46 | = | 1.058 | |
| Sugar | 28 + 14 + 14 = | 56 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Butter | 15 + 18 + 15 = | 48 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.072 | |
| Rolls | 47 | × | 1.66 | = | 0.780 | ||
| Potato | 127 | × | 0.39 | = | 0.495 | ||
| Coffee | 150 + 150 + 150 = | 450 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.270 | |
| Bread | 50 | × | 1.60 | = | 0.800 | ||
| Fried potato | 150 | × | 0.32 | = | 0.480 | ||
| Syrup | 48 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.012 | ||
| Hominy | 100 | × | 0.67 | = | 0.670 | ||
| Bread | 46 | × | 1.74 | = | 0.800 | ||
| Soup | 200 | × | 0.53 | = | 1.060 | ||
| Fried sweet potato | 70 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.266 | ||
| Macaroni | 125 | × | 0.93 | = | 1.163 | ||
| Spinach | 105 | × | 0.56 | = | 0.588 | ||
| Bacon | 13 | × | 3.00 | = | 0.390 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 9.295 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.360 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2932 calories. |
Friday, May 20, 1904.
Breakfast.—Orange 70 grams, roll 120 grams, butter 33 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 28 grams, cream 50 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 48 grams, butter 19 grams, fish-cake 81 grams, potato 200 grams, lima beans 50 grams, fried hominy 118 grams, syrup 96 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Consommé 100 grams, boiled halibut 143 grams, mashed potato 177 grams, string beans 90 grams, stewed cranberry 76 grams, bread 56 grams, butter 16 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butter | 33 + 19 + 16 = | 68 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.102 | grams. |
| Orange | 70 | × | 0.20 | = | 0.140 | ||
| Rolls | 120 | × | 1.72 | = | 2.064 | ||
| Coffee | 150 + 150 + 150 = | 450 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.270 | |
| Cream | 50 + 50 + 50 = | 150 | × | 0.44 | = | 0.660 | |
| Bread | 48 | × | 1.71 | = | 0.821 | ||
| Fish-cake | 81 | × | 1.22 | = | 0.988 | ||
| Potato | 200 | × | 0.30 | = | 0.600 | ||
| Lima beans | 50 | × | 0.76 | = | 0.380 | ||
| Fried hominy | 118 | × | 0.57 | = | 0.673 | ||
| Syrup | 96 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.023 | ||
| Bread | 56 | × | 1.97 | = | 1.104 | ||
| Consommé | 100 | × | 0.59 | = | 0.590 | ||
| Halibut | 143 | × | 3.18 | = | 4.547 | ||
| Mashed potato | 177 | × | 0.34 | = | 0.602 | ||
| Sugar | 28 + 14 + 14 = | 56 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| String beans | 90 | × | 0.36 | = | 0.324 | ||
| Cranberry | 76 | × | 0.03 | = | 0.023 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 13.911 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 9.950 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 3052 calories. |
Saturday, May 21, 1904.
Breakfast.—Banana 157 grams, roll 61 grams, butter 15 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 150 grams, sugar 28 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 58 grams, butter 17 grams, lamb chop 33 grams, potato croquettes 138 grams, tomato 161 grams, water ice 162 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Dinner.—Soup 75 grams, bread 59 grams, butter 22.5 grams, bacon 15 grams, lettuce salad 64 grams, fried potato 100 grams, stewed prunes 283 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banana | 157.0 | × | 0.23 | = | 0.361 | grams. | |
| Roll | 61.0 | × | 1.65 | = | 1.007 | ||
| Cream | 50 + 50 + 50 = | 250.0 | × | 0.43 | = | 1.075 | |
| Butter | 15 + 17 + 22.5 = | 54.5 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.082 | |
| Sugar | 28 + 21 + 14 = | 63.0 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Coffee | 150 + 150 + 150 = | 450.0 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.270 | |
| Bread | 58.0 | × | 1.82 | = | 1.056 | ||
| Lamb chop | 33.0 | × | 4.63 | = | 1.528 | ||
| Potato croquettes | 138.0 | × | 0.71 | = | 0.980 | ||
| Tomato | 161.0 | × | 0.17 | = | 0.274 | ||
| Water ice | 162.0 | × | 0.012 | = | 0.019 | ||
| Bread | 59.0 | × | 1.62 | = | 0.956 | ||
| Soup | 75.0 | × | 1.21 | = | 0.908 | ||
| Bacon | 15.0 | × | 3.05 | = | 0.458 | ||
| Prunes | 175 + 108 = | 283.0 | × | 0.16 | = | 0.453 | |
| Salad | 64.0 | × | 0.21 | = | 0.134 | ||
| Fried potato | 100.0 | × | 0.60 | = | 0.600 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 10.161 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.510 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2826 calories. |
Sunday, May 22, 1904.
Breakfast.—Orange 80 grams, oatmeal 100 grams, potato 103 grams, butter 16 grams, roll 50 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 125 grams, sugar 35 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 47 grams, butter 14.5 grams, macaroni 116 grams, potato 150 grams, fried rice 85 grams, syrup 48 grams, ice cream 169 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Soup 100 grams, bread 40.5 grams, butter 16 grams, fried potato 50 grams, mashed potato 100 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 21 grams, strawberry short-cake 214 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orange | 80 | × | 0.20 | = | 0.160 | grams. | |
| Butter | 16 + 14.5 + 16 = | 46.5 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.070 | |
| Oatmeal | 100 | × | 0.43 | = | 0.430 | ||
| Sugar | 35 + 14 + 14 + 7 = | 70 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Potato | 103 | × | 0.40 | = | 0.412 | ||
| Cream | 125 + 50 + 100 = | 275 | × | 0.45 | = | 1.238 | |
| Roll | 50 | × | 1.67 | = | 0.835 | ||
| Coffee | 150 + 150 + 150 = | 450 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.270 | |
| Bread | 47 | × | 1.57 | = | 0.738 | ||
| Macaroni | 116 | × | 0.46 | = | 0.534 | ||
| Potato | 150 | × | 0.30 | = | 0.450 | ||
| Fried rice | 85 | × | 0.75 | = | 0.638 | ||
| Syrup | 48 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.012 | ||
| Ice cream | 169 | × | 0.53 | = | 0.896 | ||
| Bread | 40.5 | × | 1.91 | = | 0.774 | ||
| Celery soup | 100 | × | 0.33 | = | 0.330 | ||
| Fried potato | 50 | × | 0.57 | = | 0.285 | ||
| Mashed potato | 100 | × | 0.37 | = | 0.370 | ||
| Strawberry short-cake | 214 | × | 0.50 | = | 1.070 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 9.512 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 6.500 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 3429 calories. |
Monday, May 23, 1904.
Breakfast.—Banana 211 grams, roll 59 grams, butter 15 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 150 grams, sugar 28 grams.
Lunch.—Consommé 100 grams, bread 63 grams, butter 15 grams, rice 113 grams, syrup 48 grams, sugar 14 grams, fried potato 170 grams, apple sauce 125 grams.
Dinner.—Vegetable soup 100 grams, bread 70 grams, butter 16 grams, bacon 42 grams, potato croquettes 49 grams, macaroni 105 grams, string beans 184 grams, water ice 148 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banana | 211 | × | 0.23 | = | 0.485 | grams. | |
| Butter | 15 + 15 + 16 = | 46 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.069 | |
| Cream | 150 | × | 0.45 | = | 0.675 | ||
| Roll | 59 | × | 1.63 | = | 0.962 | ||
| Sugar | 28 + 14 = | 42 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Coffee | 150 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.090 | ||
| Bread | 63 | × | 1.64 | = | 1.033 | ||
| Consommé | 100 | × | 0.65 | = | 0.650 | ||
| Apple sauce | 125 | × | 0.02 | = | 0.025 | ||
| Fried rice | 113 | × | 0.61 | = | 0.689 | ||
| Syrup | 48 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.012 | ||
| Fried potato | 170 | × | 0.60 | = | 1.020 | ||
| Bread | 70 | × | 1.75 | = | 1.225 | ||
| Vegetable soup | 100 | × | 0.70 | = | 0.700 | ||
| Macaroni | 105 | × | 0.87 | = | 0.914 | ||
| Bacon | 42 | × | 3.28 | = | 1.378 | ||
| Potato croquettes | 149 | × | 0.77 | = | 1.147 | ||
| String beans | 184 | × | 0.22 | = | 0.405 | ||
| Water ice | 148 | × | 0.006 | = | 0.009 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 11.488 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 6.900 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 3057 calories. |
Tuesday, May 24, 1904.
Breakfast.—Orange 80 grams, roll 55 grams, butter 16 grams, potato 91 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Lunch.—Celery soup 150 grams, bread 62 grams, butter 19 grams, mashed potato 200 grams, farina croquettes 87 grams, syrup 48 grams, stewed prunes 138 grams.
Dinner.—Soup 150 grams, bread 43 grams, butter 15 grams, Hamburg steak 82 grams, fried potato 150 grams, spinach 85 grams, rice croquettes 57 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 14 grams, lemon pie 125 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butter | 16 + 19 + 15 = | 50 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.075 | grams. |
| Orange | 80 | × | 0.20 | = | 0.160 | ||
| Roll | 55 | × | 1.64 | = | 0.902 | ||
| Potato | 91 | × | 0.25 | = | 0.228 | ||
| Coffee | 150 + 150 = | 300 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.180 | |
| Cream | 50 + 50 = | 100 | × | 0.45 | = | 0.450 | |
| Sugar | 21 + 14 = | 35 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Bread | 62 | × | 1.66 | = | 1.029 | ||
| Celery soup | 150 | × | 0.48 | = | 0.720 | ||
| Mashed potato | 200 | × | 0.26 | = | 0.520 | ||
| Farina croquettes | 87 | × | 0.74 | = | 0.644 | ||
| Syrup | 48 + 48 = | 96 | × | 0.024 | = | 0.023 | |
| Prunes | 138 | × | 0.17 | = | 0.235 | ||
| Soup | 150 | × | 0.19 | = | 0.285 | ||
| Bread | 43 | × | 1.82 | = | 0.783 | ||
| Hamburg steak | 82 | × | 3.96 | = | 3.247 | ||
| Fried potato | 150 | × | 0.46 | = | 0.690 | ||
| Spinach | 85 | × | 0.54 | = | 0.459 | ||
| Rice croquettes | 57 | × | 0.76 | = | 0.433 | ||
| Lemon pie | 125 | × | 0.93 | = | 1.163 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 12.226 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.450 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 3022 calories. |
NITROGEN BALANCE.—G. W. Anderson.
| Nitrogen Taken in. |
Output. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen in Urine. | Weight of Fæces (dry). | ||||||
| May | 18 | 14.249 | grams. | 8.87 | grams. | ||
| 19 | 9.295 | 8.36 | |||||
| 20 | 13.911 | 9.95 | 12.0 | grams. | |||
| 21 | 10.161 | 8.51 | 46.0 | ||||
| 22 | 9.512 | 6.50 | 39.0 | ||||
| 23 | 11.488 | 6.90 | 67.0 | ||||
| 24 | 12.226 | 8.45 | |||||
| 164.0 | grams contain 6.92% N. |
||||||
| 80.842 | 57.54 | + | 11.349 | grams nitrogen. | |||
| 80.842 | grams nitrogen. | 68.889 | grams nitrogen. | ||||
| Nitrogen balance for seven days | = | +11.953 | grams. |
| Nitrogen balance per day | = | +1.707 | grams. |
Average Intake.
| Calories per day | 3091 |
| Nitrogen per day | 11.55 grams. |
With G. W. Anderson, the balance trial was characterized by an intake of 80.842 grams of nitrogen, with an output for the seven days of 57.54 grams through the urine and 11.349 grams through the fæces, thus making a total excretion of 68.889 grams of nitrogen, and showing a plus balance of 11.953 grams. In other words, the body of this subject, under the conditions prevailing, was storing up nitrogen for future use at the rate of 1.7 grams per day. This also means that a daily intake of 9.8 grams of nitrogen would have been quite sufficient to maintain nitrogen equilibrium, certainly with the large fuel value of the food taken, i. e., 3091 calories per day as the average value.
The average daily excretion of metabolized nitrogen during the balance period amounted to 8.22 grams, while the average daily excretion for the last two months of the experiment was 8.81 grams.
With Stapleton, the following results were obtained, showing a distinct positive balance:
STAPLETON.
Wednesday, May 18, 1904.
Breakfast.—Banana 118 grams, bread 29 grams, butter 11 grams, sugar 56 grams, cream 125 grams.
Lunch.—Tomato soup 247 grams, bread 37 grams, butter 9 grams, croquettes 97 grams, potato 100 grams, string beans 46 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 109 grams, butter 40 grams, Hamburg steak 87 grams, potato 150 grams, spinach 100 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 100 grams, sugar 30 grams, apple pie 110 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banana | 118 | × | 0.23 | = | 0.271 | grams. | |
| Butter | 11 + 9 + 40 = | 60 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.090 | |
| Bread | 29 | × | 1.66 | = | 0.481 | ||
| Sugar | 35 + 21 + 30 = | 86 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Cream | 125 + 50 + 100 = | 275 | × | 0.46 | = | 1.265 | |
| Tomato soup | 247 | × | 0.41 | = | 1.013 | ||
| Bread | 37 | × | 1.60 | = | 0.592 | ||
| Croquettes | 97 | × | 1.09 | = | 1.057 | ||
| Sweet potato | 100 | × | 0.32 | = | 0.320 | ||
| String beans | 46 | × | 0.34 | = | 0.156 | ||
| Coffee | 150 + 150 = | 300 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.180 | |
| Bread | 109 | × | 1.80 | = | 1.962 | ||
| Hamburg steak | 87 | × | 3.64 | = | 3.167 | ||
| Potato | 150 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.570 | ||
| Spinach | 100 | × | 0.53 | = | 0.530 | ||
| Apple pie | 110 | × | 0.43 | = | 0.473 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 12.127 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 9.670 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 3109 calories. |
Thursday, May 19, 1904.
Breakfast.—None.
Lunch.—Bread 48 grams, butter 14 grams, omelette 125 grams, boiled onion 63 grams, fried sweet potato 100 grams, coffee 300 grams, cream 150 grams, sugar 56 grams, apple pudding 146 grams.
Dinner.—Tomato soup 200 grams, bread 42 grams, butter 9 grams, macaroni 75 grams, potato 36 grams, spinach 70 grams, bacon 16 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.
| Food. | Grams. | Per cent Nitrogen. | Total Nitrogen. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee | 300 + 150 = | 450 | × | 0.06 | = | 0.270 | grams. |
| Butter | 14 + 9 = | 23 | × | 0.15 | = | 0.035 | |
| Bread | 48 | × | 1.60 | = | 0.768 | ||
| Omelette | 125 | × | 1.58 | = | 1.975 | ||
| Onions | 63 | × | 0.27 | = | 0.170 | ||
| Sugar | 56 + 21 = | 77 | × | 0.00 | = | 0.000 | |
| Cream | 150 + 50 = | 200 | × | 0.47 | = | 0.940 | |
| Potato | 100 | × | 0.49 | = | 0.490 | ||
| Apple pudding | 146 | × | 0.28 | = | 0.409 | ||
| Bread | 42 | × | 1.74 | = | 0.731 | ||
| Tomato soup | 200 | × | 0.53 | = | 1.060 | ||
| Macaroni | 75 | × | 0.93 | = | 0.698 | ||
| Fried sweet potato | 36 | × | 0.38 | = | 0.137 | ||
| Spinach | 70 | × | 0.56 | = | 0.392 | ||
| Bacon | 16 | × | 3.00 | = | 0.480 | ||
| Total nitrogen in food | 8.555 | grams. | |||||
| Total nitrogen in urine | 8.580 | ||||||
| Fuel value of the food | 2072 calories. |