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Principles and practice of agricultural analysis. Volume 1 (of 3), Soils cover

Principles and practice of agricultural analysis. Volume 1 (of 3), Soils

Chapter 11: ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOLUME FIRST.
By Harvey Washington Wiley
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About This Book

The volume systematically explains the nature and origin of soils and the minerals and processes that produce them; it outlines standardized methods for taking and preparing samples and for mechanical and chemical laboratory treatment. It examines physical properties including texture, cohesion, absorption, porosity, heat relations, and moisture movement, and describes instruments and procedures for measuring specific heat, soil temperature, capillarity, permeability, and silt composition. Practical guidance on apparatus design, experimental technique, and quantitative analysis is provided throughout to enable consistent assessment of soil composition and behavior for agricultural purposes.

ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOLUME FIRST.

    Page.
Plate, figures 1–6. To face 29
Figure 7. Microscopic structure of sandstone 36
„ 8. Microstructure of crystalline limestone 39
„ 9. Microstructure of Gneiss 40
Plate, figure 10. View on the broad branch of Rock Creek, Washington, D. C., to face 48
Figure 11.   82
„ 12.   84
„ 13. Regnault’s apparatus for determining the specific heat of soils 105
„ 14. Soil thermometer 113
„ 15. Zalomanoff’s apparatus for determining absorption of salts by soils 126
„ 16. Müller’s apparatus to show absorption of salts by soils 127
Plate, figure 17. Capacity of the fine soil for holding moisture. Method of Wolff modified by Wahnschaffe, to face 136
Figure 18. Fuelling’s apparatus 140
„ 19. Apparatus to show capillary attraction of soils for water 145
Plate, figure 20. Apparatus for determining coefficient of evaporation, to face 148
Figure 21. Method of Heinrich 150
„ 22. Method of Welitschowsky 162
„ 23. Ground plan and vertical section of lysimeters and vaults showing position of the apparatus 166
Plate, figure 24. Deherain’s apparatus for collecting drainage water, to face 168
Figure 25. Knop’s silt cylinder 190
„ 26. Siphon cylinder for silt analysis 191
„ 27. Bennigsen’s silt flasks 195
„ 28. Nöbel’s elutriator 208
„ 29. Dietrich’s elutriator 209
„ 30. Masure’s silt apparatus 211
„ 31. Schöne’s elutriator 212
„ 32. Schöne’s elutriator outflow tube 213
„ 33. Schöne’s elutriator, arrangement of apparatus 214
„ 34. Schöne’s apparatus for silt analysis, modified by Mayer 221
„ 35. Hilgard’s churn elutriator 226
„ 36. Improved Schöne’s apparatus with relay 228
„ 37.   257
Plate, figure 38. To face 264
„ figures 39–44.
„ figures 45–50.
„ figures 51–56.
Figure 57. Machine for making mineral sections 267
„ 58. Thoulet’s separating apparatus 272
„ 59. Harada’s apparatus 275
„ 60. Brögger’s apparatus 276
„ 61. Apparatus of Wülfing 277
„ 62. Schloesing’s soil-tube for collecting gases 291
„ 63. Schloesing’s apparatus for collecting gases from soil 292
„ 64. Schloesing’s apparatus for determination of carbon dioxid 293
„ 65. Knorr’s apparatus for the determination of carbon dioxid 338
„ 66. Bernard’s calcimeter 339
„ 67. Smith’s muffle for decomposition of silicates 381
„ 68. Apparatus by Sachsse and Becker 401
Plate, figures 69 and 70. To face 480
Figure 71. Sterilizing oven 491
„ 72. Autoclave sterilizer 492
„ 73. Arnold’s sterilizer 493
„ 74. Lautenschläger’s thermostat 494
„ 75. Schloesing’s apparatus for nitric acid 501
„ 76. Warington’s apparatus for nitric acid 505
„ 77. Spiegel’s apparatus for nitric acid 509
„ 78. Schulze-Tiemann’s nitric acid apparatus 511
„ 79. DeKoninck’s apparatus 514
„ 80. End of delivery-tube 514
„ 81. Schmidt’s apparatus 516
„ 82. Lunge’s nitrometer 519
„ 83. Lunge’s improved apparatus 521
„ 84. Lunge’s analytic apparatus 523
„ 85. Stoklassa’s nitric acid apparatus 535
„ 86. Variation of the sodium amalgam process 537
„ 87. McGowan’s apparatus for the iodometric estimation of nitric acid 544
„ 88. Apparatus of Gooch and Gruener 547
„ 89. Method of Chabrier 566
„ 90. Schaeffer’s nitrous acid method 568
„ 91. Retort for distilling ammonia 572
„ 92. Gooch’s apparatus for boric acid 581
„ 93. Apparatus for determining sulfur 587