INDEX.
- A
- Absorption, cause in soils, 119
- Acetic acid, solvent for soils, 344
- Acid phenyl sulfate, reagent for nitric acid, 554, 555
- soluble materials, extraction, 455
- Adobe, analyses, 58
- soils, 57
- Aeolian rocks, 38
- Air, absorption, 286
- action, 51
- Albuminoid ammonia, estimation, 572
- Alkali salts, composition, 56
- Alkalies and alkaline earths, estimation, 384
- Alkaline soils, 53–55
- Alumina, estimation, 354, 357, 362
- Aluminum, 17
- Ammonia, determination of free and albuminoid, 570–573
- Ammonium chlorid, solvent for soils, 343
- Apocrenic acid, 62
- Apparatus for soil sampling, 82–86
- Aqueous rocks, 32–38
- Armsby, soil absorption, 121
- Assimilable phosphoric acid, method of Dyer, 410
- Atomic masses, table, 3
- Atwater, fish nitrogen, 14
- Authorities cited in Part Eighth, 593
- B
- Bacteria, action, 50
- Barium, 23
- microchemical examination, 265
- Barus, theory of flocculation, 177–180
- Beaker elutriation, comparison with Hilgard’s method, 239
- method, comparison with Schloesing’s, 241
- Belgian methods for soil extracts, 361–363
- Bennigsen, method of silt analysis, 194
- Berlin-Schöne method, 194
- Bernard, calcimeter, 339
- Berthelot and André, determination of residual water, 308
- Bigelow, solubility of digestion vessels, 348
- Boric acid, 580, 581
- Boron, 17
- estimation, 593
- Boussingault and Lewey, method of determining absorption, 290
- method for nitric acid, 524–526
- Braun’s separating liquid, 271
- Bréon’s method, 272
- Brewer, chemical action, 177
- Brögger’s apparatus, 276
- Brucin, reagent for nitric acid, 557
- Bulk analysis, 365–367
- C
- Calcium, 18
- microchemical examination, 264
- Caldwell, preliminary treatment of soil samples, 88
- Capillary attraction, determination, 145
- movement of water, 153
- Carbazol, reagent for nitric acid, 548
- Carbon, 5
- Carbonates, Belgian method, 342
- Carnot, method for manganese, 397
- phosphoric acid, 403
- Chabrier, method for nitrous acid, 565
- Chemical analysis of soils, 301–575
- Chevreul, ammonium phosphate in guanos, 7
- Chile, nitrate deposits, 15, 16
- Chlorin, 6
- Citric acid, solvent for soils, 344
- Clarke, relative abundance of elements, 23
- Classification of soils, 52
- Clay, chemical nature, 232
- Clayey soils, effect of boiling on texture, 244–246
- elutriation, 239
- Cleavage of soil particles, 262
- Coefficient of evaporation, determination, 144–146
- Cohesion and adhesion of soils, 116, 117
- Colloidal clay, estimation, 231
- Color of rocks, 31
- soil, determination, 97
- Colorimetric comparison, delicacy, 548, 559
- Compact soils, 90
- Conductivity of soils, 115
- Copper, estimation, 591
- Crenic acid, 61
- Crum-Frankland process, 518
- Crystal angles, measurement, 259
- Culture media, composition, 468, 473, 474, 476, 479, 481, 483, 484, 486
- D
- Darton, Florida phosphates, 9
- Davidson, origin of Florida phosphates, 7
- Decay of rocks, 43–52
- Deherain, measurement of percolation, 167–169
- Desiccator, drying, 309
- Devarda’s method for nitric acid, 534
- variation of Stoklassa, 535
- Diffusion of gases, general conclusions, 299
- Dietrich’s elutriator, 209
- Digestion of soil, 456
- vessels, 347
- Dilution method, experiments, 483, 485
- Diphenylimid, reagent for nitric acid, 549
- Diphenylamin, reagent for nitric acid, 553
- Distillation, prevention of bumping, 441
- Dobeneck, method of determining absorption, 287–290
- Drainage, influence on porosity, 132
- Durham, clay suspension, 176
- Dyer, citric acid solution, 344
- Dyer, method for assimilable phosphoric acid, 410
- E
- Earth worms, action, 49
- Eldridge, Florida phosphates, 10
- Elements, different, simultaneous estimation, 425
- relative abundance, 23
- Elutriating tube, 236
- Eruptive rocks, 41, 42
- Estimation of gases in soils, 282–299
- F
- Ferric oxid, estimation, 353, 356, 357, 362, 399, 401
- Fine soil, capacity for holding water, 135
- Fish as fertilizer, 14
- Flocculation, 171
- Floccules, destruction, 175
- Florida phosphates, origin, 7–12
- Fluorin, 17–24
- Forchhammer, agricultural value of fucoids, 13
- Frear, method of determining soil temperatures, 111
- Freezing and thawing, 44
- Fuchs and De Launy, origin of potash deposits, 21
- Fuelling, determination of water absorption, 139
- G
- Gases, collection, 291
- Gasparin, method of silt analysis, 195
- Gautier, occurrence of oldest phosphates, 7
- Gelatin, culture, 471–473
- Gembloux station, method of soil solution, 350
- German experiment stations, method of soil solution, 349
- Glaciers, action, 45
- Glucinic acid, 62
- Goessmann, analysis of sea-weeds, 13
- Gooch and Gruener, method for nitric acid, 546
- estimation of boric acid, 580
- Goss, method for phosphoric acid, 416–418
- Grandeau, method of estimating humus, 324
- H
- Hands, sterilization, 489
- Hannén, diffusion of carbon dioxid in soils, 297
- Harada’s apparatus, 275
- Heinrich, determination of passage of gases through soils, 150
- Henrici, determination of water capacity of soils, 143
- Hilgard, alkaline soils, 55
- Hilgard’s elutriator, 226
- method, comparison with Osborne’s, 239
- Hooker’s method for nitric acid, 548
- Humic acid, 61, 62
- estimation, 331
- Humus, 60
- Huston and McBride, humus estimation, 326
- method of determining soil absorption, 128
- Hydrochloric acid, solvent for soils, 344
- Hydrofluoric acid, solvent for soils, 352
- Hydrogen, 5
- estimation of organic, 323
- Hygroscopic coefficient, determination, 284
- I
- Ignition, loss, 307
- Ilosvay, nessler reagent, 573
- Indiana, lysimeter of agricultural experiment station, 165
- Indigo method for nitric acid, 524–531
- Insoluble residue, analysis, 363
- Interstitial space, determination, 134
- Inverse capillarity, 146
- Iron, 22
- J
- Jenkins, analysis of sea-weeds, 13
- Johnson, method for nitric acid, 556
- K
- Kaolin, estimation, 426–428
- Kedzie, digestion vessels, 347
- influence of drainage, 132
- King, apparatus for soil sampling, 82
- Knop, method of determining soil absorption, 128
- Knop’s silt cylinder, 189
- Knorr, apparatus for carbon dioxid, 337
- Kostytchoff, origin of humus, 60
- Kühn’s silt cylinder, 189
- L
- Lateral capillary flow, 153
- Latitude, effect on decay of rocks, 46
- Lead, estimation, 592
- Lime, assimilable, 392
- Lithium, microchemical examination, 264
- Logarithmic constants, 254
- Loges, humus estimation, 333
- Loose soils, 89
- Loughridge, time of digestion, 345, 346
- Lunge and Lwoff, method for nitrous acid, 563
- Lunge’s nitrometer, 519
- improved, 520–524
- Lysimetry, 158, 165
- Mc
- McGowan’s method for nitric acid, 543
- M
- Magnesia, estimation, 354, 360, 362, 365, 384, 394, 396
- method of Halle station, 396
- Magnesium, 18
- microchemical examination, 264
- Magnet, separation of silt particles, 278
- Manganese, 23
- Marx, method for nitric acid, 526–528
- Masure’s silt apparatus, 210
- Matiére noire, 324
- Mayer, determination of water absorption, 138
- Mayer’s modification of Schöne’s method, 220
- Mechanical analysis of soils, 171–179
- Mercury and sulfuric acid method, Noyes’ modification, 519
- Warington’s modification, 518
- Metamorphic rocks, 39
- Metaphenylenediamin, reagent for nitrous acid, 557, 559
- Microchemical examination of silt, 262, 266
- Microscopic apparatus, 495
- examination of silt separates, 256
- Microscopical structure of rocks, 28, 29
- Mineralogical examination of silt separates, 254–278
- Minerals, classification, 26
- Möckern, reduction method, for nitric acid, 533
- Moissan, estimation of boric acid, 581
- Moisture, effect on soil temperature, 102
- estimation, 454
- Moore, modification of silt analysis, 192
- Muck soils, alcohol extract, 590
- Mulder, humic acid, 62
- Müller, method of determining soil absorption, 126
- Müntz and Marcano, origin of nitrate deposits, 14
- N
- Naphthylamin, reagent for nitrous acid, 560
- Nessler’s process, 570
- reagent, 570
- Nitrate deposits, 14–16
- Nitrates, estimation, 435
- Nitric acid, classification of reduction methods, 531, 532
-
- development in soils, 461
- estimation by colorimetric comparison, 548–559
- extraction from soil, 498–500
- ferrous salt process, 500–518
- iodometric estimation, 543–548
- mercury and sulfuric acid method, 518
- methods, relative merit, 498
- nitric oxid process, 500–524
- reduction by electric current, 540–543
- solvent for soils, 351
- ferment, isolation, 471, 477, 481
-
- Nitrification, apparatus and manipulation, 468
- Nitrifying organisms, classification, 487
- Nitrites, destruction, 478, 558
- Nitrogen, 12
- active soil, 434
- Arnold and Wedemeyer’s method, 440
- Dumas’ volumetric method, 446–448
- economic value, 395
- estimation in soils, 428–456
- Hilgard’s method, 436
- Methods of Official Agricultural Chemists, 434
- Müller’s method 438–440
- soda-lime method, 445
- nature in soils, 430–434
- order of oxidation, 465
- organic, in soils, 459–461
- oxidized, estimation in soils, 459–570
- soda-lime method, 441–444
- in presence of nitrates, 444
- Nitrous acid, development in soils, 461
- Nöbel’s apparatus, 207
- Nöllner, nitrate deposits, 16
- Norwacki and Borchardt, auger for soil sampling, 83
- O
- Odoriferous matters, determination, 98
- in soils, 97
- Official Agricultural Chemists, latest methods, 454–456
- Organic matter, estimation, 314
- Origin of soils, 43
- Orth, classification, 185
- Osborne, Berlin-Schöne method, 224
- Oxygen, 3
- P
- Packard, separation of silt particles, 273
- Pasturel, estimation of humus, 336
- Peligot, preliminary treatment of samples, 91
- Percolation, measurement, 161
- soils in situ, 164
- Petermann, determination of water absorption, 138
- Petrographic examination of silt particles, 266
- microscope, 256
- Pfaundler, specific heat method, 104–110
- Phenylsulfuric acid, reagent for nitric acid, 554
- Phosphoric acid, Carnot’s method, 403
- Phosphorus, 6
- Piccini method for nitric acid, 558
- nitrous acid, 567
- Pillitz and Zalomanoff, method of determining soil absorption, 125
- Pissis, nitrate deposits, 16
- Polarized light, examination, 261
- Porosity, 131
- determination, 133
- Potash, condition in soils, 367
- Potassium, 18
- microchemical examination, 263
- Pratt, bowlder phosphates, 9
- Q
- Qualities of soils, 52, 53
- R
- Rain water, method of collecting, 569
- preparation for analysis, 569
- Raulin, method of estimating humus, 334
- potash, 375
- Reaction of a soil, 303
- Refractive index, determination, 259
- Rideal, method for nitric acid, 553
- Rocks, aeolian, 38
- Rohrbach’s solution, 271
- Rowland, fall of particles in liquid, 180
- S
- Sachsse and Becker, method for iron, 401–403
- Salts, preparation for absorption, 130
- Samples for moisture, 74
- Sampling, general directions, 66
- Sandstone, 35
- Schaeffer and Deventer, method for nitrous acid, 567
- Schloesing method, comparison with Beaker, 241
- Schmidt’s method for nitric acid, 539
- Schöne’s elutriator, 212
- Schulze-Tiemann method, 510–514
- Sea-weeds, analysis, 13
- Sedimentary rocks, classification, 35
- Sediments, separation of fine, 233
- weighing, 235
- Seeding, method employed, 475
- Selective absorption of soils, 122
- Separation of silt particles, 272
- Shaler, phosphatic limestones, 12
- Sieve analysis, classification, 185
- Sievert’s method for nitric acid, 536
- Sifting with water, 183
- Silica, 4
- Silt analyses, value, 279
- Siphon silt cylinder, 190
- Soda, estimation, 355, 358, 361, 365, 374, 384
- Sodium, 22
- Soil absorption, importance, 124
-
- method of determining, 125
- analyses, special methods, 367–428
- definition, 1
- extracts, method of preparing, 158
- gases, 149, 150
- heat, sources, 102
- ingredients, distribution, 247
- moisture, 132
- particles, number, 251–253
- samples, air drying, 88
- sampling, general principles, 65
- solutions, analyses, 352–367
- temperatures, method of determining, 111
- thermometry, 111–116
-
- Soils, absorptive power, 117–131
- and subsoils, 62, 63
- as a mass, 95
- carbon dioxid, 293
- chemical elements, 2
- classification; according to deposition, 52
- cohesion and adhesion, 116, 117
- color, 95
- compact, 90
- composition, relation to gases, 282
- conductivity for heat, 115
- deficient in carbonates, 340
- digestion with solvents, 343–352
- estimation of carbonates, 337
- loose, 89
- mechanical analysis, 171–179
- method of estimating absorption of heat, 115
- nitrifying power, 467
- origin, 1, 43
- preliminary treatment, 87–93
- qualities, 52–53
- reaction, 303
- selective absorption, 122
- specific gravity, 98
- determination, 99
- unusual constituents, 591–593
- volume, 100
- weight of one hectare, 102
- Solar heat, absorption, 103
- Specific gravity, 30
- Spencer, photomicrographs, 259
- Squanto, manurial value of fish, 14
- Staining organisms, method, 487
- silt particles, 261
- Stassfurt potash salts, 20
- Sterilization, 489
- Sterilized soil, nitrification, 487, 488
- Sterilizing apparatus, 490, 493
- oven, 491
- Stockbridge, composition of humus, 61
- soil moisture, 132
- Strontium, microchemical examination, 265
- Stutzer’s method for nitric acid, 537
- Subcultures, method, 479
- Subsidence, physical explanation, 180
- Sulfanilic acid, preparation, 562
- reagent for nitrous acid, 560
- Sulfur, 51
- state of existence in soils, 419
- Sulfuric acid, estimation, 355, 358, 361
- Surface area, influence on absorption, 123
- T
- Thenard, humic acid, 62
- Thermometry, general principles of soil, 111
- Thermostats, 494
- Thoulet’s solution, 268
- U
- Ulmic acid, 61
- Ulsch’s method for nitric acid, 539
- V
- Von Bemmelén, determination of water, 310
- method of humus estimation, 332
- Vegetable life, action, 48
- soils, 58–60
- Volatile matter, estimation, 455
- W
- Wahnschaffe, preliminary treatment of samples, 91
- Warington, absorption of potash and ammonia, 120
- Water absorption by soils, determination, 136–143
- capacity of soils, effect of pressure, 143
- determination at 110°, 306
- general conclusions, 313
- estimation after air drying, 305
- in water-free atmosphere, 149
- in fresh samples, 304
- soils, determination, 303–314
- movement, causes, 155
- relative flow, 159
- residual amount, dried at 110°, 308
- solvent, action, 47
- for soils, 343
- special examination, 576–583
- total solid matter, 576
- Way, absorptive power of soils, 118, 120
- Weight of soil, 102
- Welitschowsky, measurement of percolation, 161–163
- Wheeler and Hartwell, analysis of sea-weeds, 13
- Whitney and Marvin, method of determining soil temperatures, 112–115
- Williams, machine for mineral sections, 267
- Winogradsky, experiments in nitrification, 471–483
- Wolff and Wahnschaffe, method of determination of water absorption, 136
- Wollny, determination of water absorption, 142
- occurrence of carbon dioxid, 282
- Wülfing’s apparatus, 277
- Wyatt, phosphate deposits, 8
- X
- Xylic acid, 62
- Z
- Zinc, estimation, 592