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Sailing ships

Chapter 4: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
By E. Keble Chatterton
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About This Book

A concise technical and historical survey that traces how sailing vessels developed from early craft to their modern forms, describing shifts in hull design, rigging, sail plans, and shipboard fittings. The narrative combines explanations of construction and seamanship with illustrated studies of models, prints, and plans to show how various types of craft evolved to meet changing needs and technologies. Attention is given to the origins of familiar elements of a ship’s gear, differences between vessel classes, and the practical consequences of design changes, all presented for general readers, sailors, and those interested in maritime heritage.


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIGURE PAGE
     A Seventeenth-century English Warship To face title-page
From a painting by Charles Dixon.
Hay-Barge Headpiece to Preface
Sketch by N. S. Carr.
  1. Burmese Junk 8
  2. Norwegian “Jaegt” 13
  3. Egyptian Ship of about 6000 B.C. 22
From an amphora found in Upper Egypt, and now in the British Museum (Painted Pottery of Predynastic Period, Case 5, No. 35324).
  4. Egyptian Ship of the Fifth Dynasty 30
From wall-paintings in the Temple of Deir-el-Bahari.
  5  and 6. Model of an Egyptian Ship of the Twelfth Dynasty  To face   34
From a tomb at Rifeh, excavated 1906-7. Photographs by courtesy of Dr. Hoyle, Director of the Manchester Museum, where the model is preserved.
  7. Egyptian Ship To face   40
From wall-paintings in the Temple of Deir-el-Bahari.
  8. An Egyptian Nugger 43
Sketch by H. Warington Smyth; from his “Mast and Sail,” by courtesy of the author and Mr. John Murray.
  9. Phœnician Ship 52
From a coin of Sidon, c. 450 B.C., in the British Museum. Twice the actual size.
10. Phœnician Ship 54
From a coin of Sidon, c. 450 B.C., in the Hunterian Collection, Glasgow. Twice the actual size.
11. Greek Ship 58
From a Bœotian fibula of the eighth century B.C., in the British Museum (First Vase Room, Case D, No. 3204).
12. Greek War Galley 59
From a vase of about 500 B.C., in the British Museum (Second Vase Room, Table-case H, No. B. 436).
13. Greek Merchantman 61
From the same vase.
14. Stern of a Greek Ship 64
From a coin of Phaselis, of about the fifth century B.C., in the British Museum (Greek and Roman Life Room, Case 1, No. 36). Twice the actual size.
15. Boar’s-head Bow of a Greek Ship 64
From the same coin. Twice the actual size.
16. The Ship of Odysseus 66
From a Greek vase, c. 500 B.C., in the British Museum (Third Vase Room, Case G, No. E. 440).
17. Terra-cotta Model of a Greek Ship 68
Model of the sixth century B.C., in the British Museum (Greek and Roman Life Room, Case 53, No. A. 202).
18. A Coin of Apollonia, showing Shape of Anchor 72
Coin of about 420 B.C., in the British Museum (Greek and Roman Life Room, Case 2, No. 21). Twice the actual size.
19. A Roman Warship 73
From Lazare de Baïf’s “Annotationes ... de re navali,” Paris, 1536, p. 164.
20. Roman Ship 75
From the same book, p. 167.
21. Roman Merchant Ships  To face   80
From a relief, c. 200 A.D.
22. Roman Ship entering Harbour 82
From an earthenware lamp, c. 200 A.D., in the British Museum (Greek and Roman Life Room, Case 53, No. 518).
23. Fishing-boat in Harbour 83
From another lamp, as the last.
24. Navis Actuaria 87
From a recently discovered mosaic at Althiburus, near Tunis; reproduced by kind permission from M. Leroux’ “Monuments et Mémoires,” Paris, 1905.
25. The Viking Boat dug up at Brigg, Lincolnshire  To face   96
From a photograph, taken during its excavation in 1886, and supplied by Mr. John Scott, of Brigg.
26. Ancient Scandinavian Rock-carving 111
From Du Chaillu’s “Viking Age,” by courtesy of Mr. John Murray.
27. Viking Ship-form Grave 114
From the same.
28. The Gogstad Viking Ship  To face   118
From a photograph by O. Voering, Christiania.
29. The Gogstad Viking Ship  To face   120
From a photograph by O. Voering, Christiania.
30. Norwegian Ship 120
From a sketch by H. Warington Smyth, by courtesy of the artist.
31. Russian Ship 121
As the last.
32. Harold’s Ships; from the Bayeux Tapestry  To face   134
From a photograph of the replica at South Kensington.
33. William the Conqueror’s Ships; from the Bayeux Tapestry 136
As the last.
34. Lading Arms and Wine; from the Bayeux Tapestry 138
As the last.
35. Mediterranean Warship of the Thirteenth Century 142
From a drawing.
36. A Fourteenth-Century Dromon 144
From a drawing.
37. Seal of Winchelsea 150
From the original in the British Museum. Actual size.
38. Seal of Hastings 151
From the original in the British Museum. Actual size.
39. Thirteenth-century English Ship  To face   152
From the model by Frank H. Mason, now in the South Kensington Museum.
40. Seal of Dam, West Flanders 155
From the original in the British Museum. Actual size.
41. Panel of the Shrine of St. Ursula, after Memling (1489) 165
42. Seal of La Rochelle 167
From the original in the British Museum. Actual size.
43. A Caravel of the End of the Fifteenth Century  To face   178
From the model by Frank H. Mason, now in the South Kensington Museum.
44. A Fifteenth-century Caravel  To face   180
From the model in the United Service Museum, Whitehall.
45. Columbus’s Flagship, the Santa Maria  To face   182
By courtesy of Capt. C. E. Terry, from the model constructed by him.
46. The French Cordelière and the English Regent  To face   184
From MS. Fr. 1672 in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris; reproduced by courtesy of Prof. W. Bang, Louvain, from the “Enterlude of Youth,” 1905.
47. The Embarkation of Henry VIII. at Dover in 1520  To face   186
Showing the Henri Grâce à Dieu. Photograph by W. M. Spooner & Co., from the painting by Holbein at Hampton Court Palace.
48. Two of Henry VIII.’s Ships—The Murrian  To face   188
49. Two of Henry VIII.’s Ships—The Struse  To face   188
From a roll of 1546 in the Pepysian Library, Cambridge, by kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Magdalene College.
50. The Ark Royal, Elizabeth’s Flagship. Built in 1587  To face   198
From a contemporary print in the British Museum.
51. Elizabethan Man-of-war  To face   138
From F. P. Barnard’s “Companion to English History” (Clarendon Press, 1902).
52. The Spanish Armada coming up Channel  To face   206
From “The Tapestry Hangings of the House of Lords,” engraved by John Pine, 1739.
53. The Black Pinnesse, which brought Home the Body of Sir P. Sidney  To face   208
From “Celebritas et Pompa Funeris,” &c., by T. Lant, 1587.
54. A Galleon of the Time of Elizabeth  To face   210
From a contemporary print in the British Museum.
55. Spanish Galleons  To face   212
From a print in the British Museum, c. 1560.
56. Spanish Treasure-Frigate of about 1590  To face   214
From the original drawing by an English spy, by permission of the Records Office.
57. Mediterranean Galley 217
Sketched from a model in the South Kensington Museum.
58. An Early Seventeenth-century Galley  To face   216
From Joseph Furttenbach’s “Architectura Navalis,” 1629.
59. A Full-rigged Ship of the Early Seventeenth Century  To face   218
From the same.
60. The Prince Royal  To face   226
From the painting at Trinity House, by permission of the Elder Brethren. Block by arrangement with Messrs. Cassell & Co., from Traill and Mann’s “Social England,” iv. 69.
61. The Sovereign of the Seas. Built in 1637  To face   230
From an engraving in the British Museum.
62. Bomb Ketch  To face   236
From a print in the United Service Museum, Whitehall.
63. The Royal Charles. Built in 1672  To face   240
From the model in the South Kensington Museum.
64. A Dutch Man-of-war of about the End of the Seventeenth Century  To face   242
From the model in the United Service Museum, Whitehall.
65. The Terrible, a Two-decker captured from the French in 1747  To face   244
From a print in the United Service Museum, Whitehall.
66. H.M.S. Royal George. 100 guns, 2047 tons. Foundered in 1782  To face   246
From an engraving by T. Baston, in the British Museum.
67. Nelson’s Victory. 2162 tons. Built in 1765  To face   248
From a photograph by S. Cribb.
68. The Stern of H.M.S. Victory, showing Poop Lanterns  To face   250
From a photograph by S. Cribb.
69. Corvette, 340 tons, of about 1780  To face   252
From the model in the South Kensington Museum.
70. The Newcastle, an East Indiaman  To face   258
Photograph by Hughes & Son, Ltd.
71. Spithead: Boat’s Crew recovering an Anchor  To face   226
From a photograph by Hanfstaengl of the painting by J. M. W. Turner in the National Gallery.
72. A West Indiaman of 1820  To face   260
From a print in the British Museum.
73. The Ariel and Taeping, September 1866  To face   266
From an engraving in the South Kensington Museum.
74. The Iron Clipper Stonehouse. Built in 1866  To face   268
From the model in the South Kensington Museum.
75. The Iron Barque Macquarie. Built in 1875  To face   270
Photograph by Hughes & Son, Ltd.
76. The Desdemona. Built in 1875  To face   272
Photograph by Hughes & Son, Ltd.
77. The Olive Bank. Steel Four-masted Barque. Built in 1892  To face   274
Photograph by J. Adamson & Son, Rothesay.
78. A Modern Four-masted Barque, and the Mauretania  To face   276
From a painting by Charles Dixon.
79. The Queen Margaret. Built in 1893  To face   272
With Fig. 76. Photograph by Hughes & Son, Ltd.
80. A First-rater of 1815, showing Details of Spars and Rigging  To face   280
81. Full-rigged Ship 279
Sail-plan, with referenced list of names.
82. From “River Scene with Sailing Boats.” By Jan Van der Cappelle 285
Sketched from the original painting, No. 964 in the National Gallery.
83. A Modern Dutch Schuyt 286
84. “A Fresh Gale at Sea.” By W. Van der Welde 287
Sketched from the original painting, No. 150 in the National Gallery.
85. “River Scene.” By W. Van der Welde 288
Sketched from the original painting, No. 978 in the National Gallery.
86. The Bawley 290
87. The Schooner Pinkie (1800-50) 294
88. The Fredonia. Built in 1891 295
89. Gloucester Schooner, A.D. 1901 296
90. Gloucester Schooner, A.D. 1906 297
91. An American Four-masted Schooner 298
Sketched by H. Warington Smyth; from his “Mast and Sail,” by courtesy of the author and Mr. John Murray.
92. A Barquentine off the South Foreland 299
93. Barquentine with Stuns’ls 300
94. The Fantôme, 18-ton Brig. Launched 1838  To face   298
From the model in the South Kensington Museum.
95. H.M.S. Martin, Training-Brig. Launched 1836  To face   300
96. A Hermaphrodite Brig 301
97. The Tillikum, Schooner-rigged “Dug-out” 302
98. Lowestoft Drifter 304
99. Thames Barge 305
100. Norfolk Wherry 306
101. Dhow-rigged Yacht  To face   306
From the model in the South Kensington Museum.
102. Suez Dhows, with a Sibbick Rater 308
Sketched by H. P. Butler.
103. Mediterranean Felucca 309
Sketched from the model in the South Kensington Museum.
104. Hailam Junk 311
Sketched by H. Warington Smyth.
105. Chinese Junk 313
Sketched from the model in the South Kensington Museum.
106. Blankenberg Boat 314
107. French “Chasse-Marée” 315
108. Scotch “Zulu” 316
109. Penzance Lugger 317
110. Deal Galley Punt 318
111. The Yacht Kestrel. Owned by the Earl of Yarborough  To face   310
112. The Yacht Xarifa. Owned by the Earl of Wilton  To face   312
113. The Schooner Alarm. Rebuilt 1852  To face   314
Photograph by G. West & Son from a print, by kind permission of the Committee of the Royal Victoria Yacht Club, Ryde.
114. The Oimara. Built in 1867  To face   316
115. The Bloodhound. Built in 1874  To face   316
116. The Schooner-Yacht Sunbeam. Owned by Lord Brassey.  To face   318
Photograph by West & Son.
117. The Yawl Jullanar. Built in 1875 329
From the model in the South Kensington Museum.
118. The Satanita. Built in 1893  To face   320
Photograph by West & Son.
119. King Edward VII.’s Cutter Britannia. Launched 1893  To face   322
Photograph by S. Cribb.
120. The Valkyrie I. Owned by the Earl of Dunraven  To face   324
Photograph by West & Son.
121. The Ship-rigged Yacht Valhalla. Built in 1892  To face   326
Photograph by West & Son.
122. The American Cup Defender Columbia. Launched in 1899  To face   328
Photograph by West & Son.
123. The Schooner-Yacht Meteor. Owned by H.M. the German Emperor  To face   330
Photograph by S. Cribb.
124. White Heather II., 23-Mètre Cutter  To face   332
Photograph by West & Son.
125. Shamrock IV., 23-Mètre Cutter. Launched 1908  To face   334
Photograph by West & Son.

PLANS.

(AT END OF VOLUME.)

PLAN
1. The Gjöa: Sail and Rigging Plan (see p. 291).
2.   ”       ”      Longitudinal Section (see p. 291).
3.   ”       ”      Deck Plan (see p. 292).
4. The Royal Sovereign, George III.’s Yacht (see p. 322).
5. Schooner Elizabeth: Sail Plan (see p. 331).
6. ” ”       Deck Plan (see p. 331).
7. ” ”       Longitudinal Section (see p. 331).
8. Schooner Pampas: Sail and Rigging Plan (see p. 332).
9. ” ”         Longitudinal and Horizontal Sections (see p. 332).