Fig 212.>Dandelion. Taraxacum officinale Weber. Taraxacum Taraxacum (L.) Karst.
Dandelion. Taraxacum officinale Weber. Taraxacum Taraxacum (L.) Karst. Flowers yellow; achenes dull light to dark brown, flattened oblanceolate, thread-like beak two to three times as long as the achene, the stout colored beak 0.5 mm. long. The most conspicuous character of the achenes lies in the barb-like-toothed edges and ridges of each of the similar faces, extending along the upper half. Achene, 3–4 mm. long, having twelve longitudinal ridges, 1.2 mm. wide. Introduced from Europe. Troublesome on thin lawns.
Fig 213. Salsify. Oyster-Plant. Tragopogon porrifolius L.
Salsify. Oyster-Plant. Tragopogon porrifolius L. Flowers purple; achenes dull light brown, nearly cylindrical; apex tapering, mostly terminating in a slender beak which is often longer than the body of the achene. Achene straight or curved, 10-ribbed, 12–18 mm. long, outermost coarsely roughened by upwardly directed, whitish, scale-like projections. Native of Europe.
Meadow Salsify. Yellow Goat's Beard. Tragopogon pratensis L. Flowers yellow; achenes dull, light brown, nearly cylindrical, apex tapering, mostly terminating in a slender beak. Achene straight or curved, 10-ribbed, 12–15 mm. long, the inner ones of the head smooth, the outer-most coarsely roughened by upwardly directed, whitish, scale-like projections. Introduced from Europe.
Fig 214. American Cocklebur. Xanthium Canadensis Mill.
American Cocklebur. Xanthium Canadensis Mill. Achenes or burs reddish brown, oblong, circular in section, two-beaked, about 20 mm. long, covered with stout hooked prickles. Each bur encloses two seeds. Native of this country.
Fig 215. Spiny Clotbur. Xanthium spinosum L.
Spiny Clotbur. Xanthium spinosum L. Bur oblong, light brown, very slightly flattened, 10–13 mm. long, the beaks weak and small, small hooked prickles 3–4 mm. long, each bur contains two seeds. Introduced from Europe.
Broad Cocklebur. Xanthium strumarium L. Bur dark brown, oval, circular in sections 12–22 mm. long, beaks stout, nearly straight, spines about 5 mm. long, surface of burs and base of spines clothed with minute hooked prickles. Naturalized from Europe.
INDEX.
Name,----Page
Ac-cum´bent, leaning or lying upon, applied to cotyledons when the caulicle (radicle) is folded against their contiguous edges, shown as [Symbol: 0== rotated 90 deg. clockwise].
A-chene´, achenium, a small, dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit, likely to be mistaken for a seed.
A-cu´min-ate, ending in a prolonged tapering point.
- Agrimonia, 138
- Agrimony, tall hairy, 138
- Agrostemma, 128
- Agropyron, 110
- Aizoaceae, 128
- Alfalfa, 140
- Allium, 119
- Alfilaria, 142
- Alsike clover, 141
- Alsine, 131
- Alyssum, 132
- Alyssum, hoary, 133
- Amaranth, 126, 127
- Amaranth family, 126
- Amaranthaceae, 126
- Amaranthus, 127
- Ambrosia, 160, 161
- American jute, 145
- Anacardiaceae, 145
A-nat´ro-pous, a name applied to an ovule or seed which grows so that the funiculus coheres to the whole length forming a raphe along the edge bringing the hilum near the micropyle while the chalaza is at the other extremity.
A´pex, the tip or growing point of an organ.
- Arctium, 162
- Arenaria, 129
- Artemisia, 162
- Artichoke, 167
- Asclepiadaceae, 149
- Asclepias, 149
- Atriplex, 124
- Avena, 110
Awn, a bristle-shaped appendage.
Barbed, furnished with rigid points or short bristles, usually reflexed like the barb of a fish-hook.
- Barnyard grass, 114
- Beaked nightshade, 156
- Beaver poison, 148
- Beggar-ticks, 163
- Bermuda grass, 113
- Berteroa, 133
- Bidens, 162, 163
- Biennial wormwood, 162
- Bindweed, 150
- Bird's-foot trefoil, 139
- Bitter buttercup, 131
- Bitter dock, 122
- Black-eyed susan, 169
- Black medick, 139
- Black mustard, 134
- Black nightshade, 156
- Black swallow-wort, 149
- Bladder campion, 130
- Bladder Ketmia, 146
- Bloom-fell, 139
- Bluefield madder, 159
- Blue grass, 116
- Blue grass, Canadian, 116
- Blue grass, Kentucky, 116
- Blue Vervain, 153
- Borage family, 152
- Boraginaceae, 152
- Bouncing Bet, 129
- Broad-leaved Dock, 122
- Broad-leaved plantain, 159
- Brome grass, 112
- Bromus, 111
- Buckwheat family, 119
- Buckwheat, wild, 120
- Bulbous buttercup, 132
- Bull thistle, 164
- Burdock, 162
- Bur-grass, 112
- Bur-marigold, 162
- Bur-seed, 152
- Bursa, 134
- Buttercup, bitter, creeping, or tall, 131
- Butter and eggs, 156
- Camelina, 134
- Canada thistle, 164
- Canadian blue grass, 116
- Capriola, 113
- Capsella, 134
- Carduus, 164, 165
- Carpet-weed, 128
Car´un-cle, an excrescence or protuberance near the hilum of a seed.
- Caryophyllaceae, 128
- Cashew family, 145
- Catch-fly, 129, 130
- Catmint, 154
- Catnip, 154
- Celandine, 132
- c. m. centimeter, see ruled lines on last page, 183
- Cenchrus, 112
- Centaurea, 163
- Centimeter, see ruled lines on last page, 183
- Cerastium, 129
- Chaetochloa, 117
- Charlock, 133
- Cheat, 112
- Cheeses, 146
- Chelidonium, 132
- Chenopodiaceae, 124
- Chenopodium, 124, 125, 126
- Chess, barren, field, smooth, soft, 111
- Chickory, 164
- Chickweed, 129, 131
- Chrysanthemum, 163
- Cichorium, 164
- Cicuta, 148
- Cinquefoil, silvery, 138, 139
- Cirsium, 164, 165
- Claviceps, 110
- Climbing false buckwheat, 121
- Clover dodder, 151
- Cockle, 128
- Cocklebur, 171
Co´ma, a tuft of hair on a seed.
- Common chickweed, 131
- Common milkweed, 149
- Common speedwell, 157
- Compositae, 160
- Composite family, 160
- Conium, 148
- Conringia, 135
- Convolvulaceae, 150
- Convolvulus, 150
- Corn camomile, 161
- Corn gromwell, 153
- Coronilla, 139
- Couch grass, 110
- Cow-cress, 136
- Crab-grass, 113-114
- Crassulaceae, 138
- Creeping buttercup, 132
- Crepis, 165
- Cress, cow, 136
- Crimson clover, 141
- Crowfoot, 131
- Crowfoot family, 131
- Cruciferae, 132
- Curled Dock, 122
- Cut-leaved Crane's bill, 142
- Cuscuta, 150, 151
- Cycloloma, 126
- Cynanchum, 149
- Cynodon, 113
- Cynoglossum, 152
- Cyperaceae, 118
- Cyperus, 118
- Cypress spurge, 143
Del´toid, shaped like the Greek letter delta; triangular.
- Devil's paint-brush, 167
- Digitalis, 113
- Diplotaxis, 135
- Dipsaceae, 160
- Dipsacus, 160
- Dock, 121
- Dock-leaved Persicaria, 120
- Dodder, 150
- Dog's fennel, 161
El-lip´tic-al, oblong and rounded at the ends; longer than oval.
Em´bry-o, the little plant forming a part of the seed, usually consisting of caulicle, one or more cotyledons and a plumule.
- Eragrostis, 115
- Erechtites, 165
- Ergot, 110
- Erigeron, 165, 166
- Erodium, 142
- Erysimum, 135
- Euphorbia, 143, 144
- Euphorbiaceae, 143
- Evening primrose, 147
- Evening primrose family, 147
Fe´male flow´er, one having pistils only, but no stamens; pistillate flower.
Fer´tile, producing fruit, or reproductive bodies of any kind.
- Field dodder, 150
- Field garlic, 119
- Field madder, 159
- Field pepper-grass, 136
- Figwort family, 156
- Fire-weed, 165
- Five finger, 139
- Flat-stemmed Poa, 116
- Flax dodder, 150
- Fleabane, 165, 166
- Floral glume
Flo´ret, a single flower of a head or cluster, especially in Compositae.
Glume, one of the outer floral envelopes in grasses or sedges. The term as now used includes the bracts (empty glumes) which subtend a spikelet and the lower of the two bracts subtending the individual flower (flowering or floral glume, lemma).
Grain, the caryopsis or fruit of Gramineae; any small seed.
- Grass, crab, 114
- Grass family, weeds in, 110
- Grass, old witch, 115
- Grass, porcupine, 117
- Grass, stink, 115
- Green foxtail, 117
- Great bindweed, 150
- Great burdock, 162
- Great ragweed, 161
- Grindelia, 166
- Gronovius' dodder, 151
- Ground honeysuckle, 139
- Gum plant, 166
- Hare's ear, 135
Has´tate, like the head of a halberd—applied to leaves which have a spreading lobe on each side of the base.
- Hawksbeard, 165
- Heal-all, 155
- Hedge bindweed, 150
- Hedge mustard, 137
- Helianthus, 167
- Hibiscus, 146
- Hieracium, 167
- Hillman, F. H., graduate of the College in 1888; expert draftsman of the seed Division of Washington, D. C, 103
- Hilum, 134
Hi´lum, the scar or point of attachment of a seed.
- Hoarhound, 154
- Hoary alyssum, 133
- Hoary cress, 136
- Honeysuckle, ground, 139
- Hordeum, 115
- Horse nettle, 155
- Horse-weed, 165
- Hound's tongue, 152
- Hypericaceae, 147
- Hypericum, 147
- Illecebraceae, 128
In-cum´bent, leaning or lying upon; applied to cotyledons when the caulicle is folded against the track of one of them, shown as [Symbol: || o].
In-dig´e-nous, native and original to the region.
In´vo-lu-cre, a set of bracts immediately subtending a flower or inflorescence.
Keel, the joined pair of petals in a papilionaceous corolla; a projecting ridge along the back of an organ.
Lan´ce-o-late, tapering abruptly towards the base and gradually towards the apex, like the head of a lance.
- Lappula, 152
- Large-bracted plantain, 158
- Leafy spurge, 143
- Leguminosae, 139
- Leontodon, 168
- Leonurus, 154
- Lepidium, 136
- Leptilon, 165
- Liliaceae, 119
- Lily family, 119
- Linaria, 156
Lin´e-ar, very narrow with the margins parallel or nearly so.
- Madder family, 159
- Mallow, 145, 146
- Mallow family, 145
- Malva, 146
- Malvaceae, 145, 146
- Mammoth clover, 141
- Many-seeded goosefoot, 126
- Maple-leaved goosefoot, 125
- Marsh elder, 167
- Marubium, 154
- May-weed, 161
- Medicago, 139, 140
- Melilotus, 140
- Mexican tea, 125
- Milfoil, 160
- Milkweed, 149
- Milkweed family, 149
- Millimeter, see last page of this bulletin
- Mint family, 154
- m. m. Millimeter, see ruled lines on last page, 139
- Mollugo, 128
- Morning-glory family, 150
- Mossy stonecrop, 138
- Motherwort, 154
- Moth mullein, 156
- Mouse-ear chickweed, 129
- Mouse-ear hawkweed, 167
- Mullein, 156, 157
- Musquash-root, 148
- Mustard, 133, 134, 135
- Mustard family, 132
- Narrow-leaved dock, 122
- Narrow-leaved hawk's beard, 165
- Narrow-leaved plantain, 158
- Nepeta, 154
- Neslia, 137
- Nettle family, 119
- Nettle-leaved vervain, 153
- Night-flowering catchfly, 130
- Nightshade, 156
- Night-shade family, 155
- Nonesuch, 139
- Nut-grass, 118
Ob-lan´ce-o-late, lanceolate in form, but tapering toward the base more than toward the apex.
Ob´long, longer than wide with nearly parallel sides. Compare Oval.
Ob-o´vate, a flat body broader toward the apex than the base. See Ovate.
Ob-o´void, a solid body broader towards the apex than the base. See Ovoid.
Ob-tuse´, having a rounded end or apex; blunt.
O´val, about twice as long as broad, with regular curved outlines, broadly elliptical.
O´vate, like a longitudinal section of an ordinary hen's egg, with the attachment, if any, at the broad end.
O´void, the shape of a hen's egg and attached, if at all, at the large end.
- Paint brush, 167
Pa´le-a, Pa´let, the upper bract which with the floral glume incloses the flower in grasses.
- Pale persicaria, 120
- Panicum, 113
- Panicum capillare, 115
- Panicum, smooth, 115
- Papaveraceae, 132
- Parsley family, 148
- Parsnip, wild, 149
- Pastinaca, 149
- Patience dock, 123
- Pennsylvania persicaria, 120
- Penny cress, 137
- Peppergrass, 135, 136
- Persicaria, dock-leaved, 120
- Pigeon grass, 117
- Pigweed, 124
- Pigweed family, 124
- Pink family, 128
- Plantago, 158, 159
- Plantain family, 158
- Poa annua, 116
- Poa compressa, 116
- Poa, flat-stemmed, 116
- Poa pratensis, 116
- Poison hemlock, 148
- Poison ivy, 145
- Polygonaceae, 119
- Polygonum, 119-120
- Poppy family, 132
- Porcupine grass, 117
- Portulaca, 131
- Portulacaceae, 131
- Potentilla, 138, 139
- Prickly lettuce, 168
- Prickly sida, 146
- Prostrate amaranth, 127
- Prunella, 155
Pu-bes´cent, clothed with soft and rather short hairs.
- Pulse family, 139
- Purple Jimsonweed, 155
- Purple-stemmed beggar-ticks, 163
- Purslane family, 131
- Purslane speedwell, 157
- Pusley, 131
- Quack grass, 110
Ra´phe, the adherent funiculus connecting the hilum and chalaza in anatropous or amphitropous ovules or seeds.
Re-tic´u-late, in the form of network.
Root, the descending axis which is destitute of leaves or nodes.
Root stock, rhizome, a stem usually subterranean and more or less thickened, producing young branches.
- Rosaceae, 138
- Rose family, 138
- Rough cinquefoil, 139
- Rough pigweed, 127
- Rudbeckia, 169
- Rugel's broad-leaved plantain, 159
- Rumex, 121, 122, 123
- Running mallow, 146
- Rush family, 118
- Rush, slender, 118
- Rush, spike, 118
- Russian thistle, 126
- Rutabaga, 133
- Rye, 116
- Salsify, 170
- Salsola, 126
- Sand-bur, 112
- Sand plantain, 158
- Sand rocket, 135
- Sandwort, 129
- Saponaria, 129
- Scarlet clover, 141
- Scleria, 128
- Scrophulaceae, 156
- Secale, 116
- Sedge family, 118
- Sedum, 138
- Self-heal, 155
- Setaria glauca, viridis, 117
- Sheep sorrel, 122
- Shepherd's purse, 134
- Sherardia, 159
- Shore knot-weed, 120
- Sida, 146
- Silene, 129, 130
- Silvery cinquefoil, 138
- Sisymbrium, 137
- Sleepy catchfly, 129
- Slender pigweed, 127
- Slender nettle, 119
- Slender rush, 118
- Small alyssum, 132
- Smaller burdock, 162
- Small-flowered crane's bill, 142
- Small-flowered crowfoot, 131
- Small-fruited false flax, 134
- Smut-weed, 120
- Solanaceae, 155
- Solanum, 155, 156
- Sonchus, 169
- Sorrel, 121
- Sour dock, 121
- Sow-thistle, 169
- Spanish dodder, 151
- Spear grass, 116
- Speedwell, 157
- Spergula, 130
Spike´let, a small or secondary spike, as found in grasses.
- Spotted spurge, 144
- Spring clotbur, 171
- Spring sow-thistle, 169
- Spurge family, 143
- Spurry, 130
- Squirrel-tail grass, 115
- St. John's-wort family, 147
- Star thistle, 163
- Stellaria, 131
Ster´ile, not fertile.
Stri´ate, striped with parallel ridges and grooves.
- Tall buttercup, 131
- Tall mustard, 137
- Taraxacum, 170
- Teasel family, 160
- Thistle, 164
- Thistle, Russian, 126
- Thorn apple, 155
- Three-seeded mercury, 143
- Thyme-leaved sandwort, 129
- Thyme-leaved speedwell, 157
- Thyme-leaved spurge, 144
- Toad-flax, 156
- Tragopogon, 170
- Treacle mustard, 135
- Trefoil, 139
- Trifolium, 141, 142
Trun´cate, terminating abruptly, as though cut off or flattened at the end. Compare Premorse and Succise.
Tu´ber-cle, a swollen part or a root due to bacteria. Usually applies to such as possess the power to fix nitrogen; a little tuber.
- Velvet leaf, 145
- Velvet-leaved mullein, 157
- Verbascum, 156, 157
- Verbena, 153
- Verbenaceae, 153
- Veronica, 157
- Vervain family, 153
- Vincetoxicum, 149
- Wall speedwell, 157
- Water hemlock, 148
- Water hemp, 126
- Weed, defined, 103
- Weed, what enables a plant to become one, 105
- Weeds, disadvantages of, 104
- Weeds, found in certain crops and why, 107
- Weeds, how introduced and how spread, 106
- Weeds, how to exterminate, 108
- Weeds, lists of, in clovers and grasses, 107
- Weeds of Michigan compared with those elsewhere, 107
- Weeds, some small benefits from, 104
- Weeds, where certain ones are troublesome, 107
- Weeds, where they come from, 107
- Western water hemp, 126
- Wheat thief, 153
- White clover, 142
- White hoarhound, 154
- White sweet clover, 140
- Whorled mallow, 146
- Wild carrot, 148
- Wild comfrey, 152
- Wild garlic, 119
- Wild lettuce, 168
- Wild parsnip, 149
- Wild peppergrass, 136
- Willow-leaved dock, 123
- Winged pigweed, 126
- Wild buckwheat, 120
- Wild oat, 110
- Winter cress, 133
- Wire grass, 114, 116
- Witchgrass, old, 115
- Worm-seed, 135
- Wormwood, 162
- Xanthium, 171