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Sixteen years in Siberia: Some experiences of a Russian revolutionist cover

Sixteen years in Siberia: Some experiences of a Russian revolutionist

Chapter 37: INDEX
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About This Book

The author recounts his participation in the Russian revolutionary movement, his arrest and successive terms of imprisonment and administrative exile in Siberia, and the daily hardships, brutality, and bureaucratic cruelty experienced by political prisoners. Interwoven are sketches of fellow exiles, prison routines, escapes, and the social and ideological debates that animated underground activity, plus reflections on the movement's development from peaceful propaganda to violent tactics in reaction to state repression. The narrative combines personal memoir, eyewitness reportage of Siberian penal camps, and contextual history of revolutionary ideas and government measures that shaped life under exile.

INDEX

  • Administrative methods, 34, 36, 65, 293;
    • “politicals” exiled by, 105, 107, 285, 326;
    • institution of banishment by, viii
  • Agàpov, Stephen, 182
  • Aigùn, 329
  • Akatoui, new prison at, 292;
    • order for the removal of prisoners to, 294
  • Aksha, 193
  • Alexander I., vi
  • Alexander II., vii;
    • attempts against his life, 10, 11, 117, 219;
    • result of his assassination, 230;
    • mode of his assassination, 264
  • Alexander III., his policy, 130;
    • surmises as to his possible assassination, 230;
    • attempt on his life, 259;
    • manifesto pardoning convicts, 307;
    • his death, 316
  • Alexandrovo, 46
  • Alexandròvskaya, plot to undermine station at, 269
  • Alexei-Ravelin tower of the Fortress of Peter and Paul, 219, 260, 262
  • Alexèiev, mayor of Tchita, 174
  • “Alleviation, time of,” 236
  • Alphabetical code used in communications between prisoners, 51 n.
  • Amur Gazette, The, 341
  • Amur Province, The, 341
  • Amur, Province of the, 328;
    • under martial law, 337
  • Amur River, 328;
    • massacre on banks of, 334-337
  • Antònov, his execution, 104 n., 188 n.
  • Anùtchin, Governor-General, 189 n.
  • Archangel, 285
  • Armfeld, Natalia, 206;
  • Artèl, or union, the criminals’, 155 n., 160, 177-180;
    • system of, in Kara prison, 221
  • Aschenbrenner, Captain, 115 n.
  • Asia and Europe, boundary post between, 147
  • Axelrod, 16, 17 n., 357
  • Axelrod, Frau, 2, 28
  • Baikal, Lake, 195
  • Balagansk, 187
  • Balamutz, Andreas, 235 n.
  • Barabash, General, military governor of Tchita, 174
  • Barannikov, 264
  • Basel, 1;
    • University, 14
  • Bastille, anniversary of the storming of, celebrated, 283
  • Batarèvitch, 338
  • Belino-Bshezòvsky, 122
  • Berèsov, 152
  • Berezniàk, 210;
    • his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
    • attempt to rescue Medvèdiev, 261;
    • arrest and sentence, 262
  • Berg, Baron, 70
  • Berg, Herr von, the Public Prosecutor, 28, 33
  • Berlin, journey to, 44;
    • gaol at, 45
  • Beverley, his attempt to escape from Kiëv prison, 99;
  • “Biscuits,” meaning of the term, 177
  • Bìtshkov, Vladimir, his disappearance from Kiëv prison, 100
  • Bitshoug, River, 323
  • Blagovèstshensk, 327;
    • siege of, 332;
    • massacre near, 334-337
  • Bobohov, Sergius, his career, 285;
    • sentence, 286;
    • characteristics, 286;
    • on the threat of flogging, 287;
    • commits suicide, 290
  • Bogdanòvitch, his recognition of Deutsch, 38, 39, 40;
    • in Petersburg, 71;
    • assassination, 71 n.
  • Bogolyùbov, flogged, 288
  • Bogomòletz, Sophia, her escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.
    • story of her life, 191;
    • in Kara prison, 269;
    • removed, 271
  • Bohanòvsky, his escape from Kiëv prison, 10, 15, 99 n., 210 n.
  • Bolshakov, Governor, 207
  • “Bombists,” 131
  • Borisòvitch, 120
  • Bosnia, insurrection in, 85
  • Boundary post between Europe and Asia, 147
  • Brantner, his execution, 104 n., 188 n.
  • Bubnovsky, the locksmith, 241
  • Bulìgin, Alexander, 3, 17 n.
  • Bulìgin, Frau, her visit to Freiburg prison, 30
  • Bunt, meaning of the word, 9 n.
  • Burlei, Captain, Commandant of Kara prison, 237
  • “Butirki,” or the Central Prison of Moscow, 110;
    • number of prisoners, 111
  • Butzèvitch, 268
  • Butzìnsky, 57 n.
  • Buyanov, 340
  • “Carrier-pigeons,” meaning of the term, 59
  • “Case of the 193,” 86, 234 n.
  • Census, orders for a, 317;
    • report to be drawn up, 319;
    • conference at Stanitsa Aigùnskaya, 321
  • Cesarèvitch, his journey through Siberia, 309
  • Cheesemonger’s shop, subterranean passage from, 268
  • Chicago, 356
  • China, Pacific steamer, 354
  • Chinese, their attack on the Russian boats at Aigùn, 329;
    • character, 332;
    • treatment by the Russians, 333;
    • massacred, 335-337;
    • appropriation of their property, 339-341
  • Code, alphabetical, used in communications between prisoners, 51 n.
  • “Commune room” in Kara prison, inmates of, 257
  • Convict, a criminal, his appearance, 154;
    • of “unknown antecedents,” 163;
    • his views, 164;
    • mode of living, 165;
    • tramps, 165;
    • treatment of, 167
  • Convict labour, employment of, in Kara, 311
  • Convicts, equipment of, 95;
    • head-shaving, 95;
    • fetters, 95;
    • dress, 96;
    • appearance, 112;
    • loss of clothes at Tchita, 201
  • Convoy officers, their character, 180;
    • treatment of the prisoners, 180-182
  • Convoy-stations, 158
  • Criminals, ordinary, distinction between “politicals,” 97 n.;
    • regulations, 135;
    • the “Ivans,” 155;
    • passion for gambling, 159;
    • relations with the “politicals,” 163;
    • tramps, 165;
    • escape of, 165;
    • character, 166, 171, 175;
    • treatment, 167;
    • influence of the “Ivans,” 175
  • Dashkièvitch, Peter, 119;
  • Debagòrio—Makrièvitch, Vladìmir, 104;
    • his mode of escape, 155
  • Decabrists, revolt of the, vi, 200
  • Degàiev, a member of the Naròdnaia Vòlya, 43;
    • his treachery, 43 n.;
    • sentence on, 82
  • Degàiev, Mdme., 119
  • Dessyàtnik, or village constable, 314
  • Detention, House of, at Freiburg, 5;
    • Petersburg, 57;
    • rules, 58;
    • outdoor exercise, 60;
    • system of communication, 66
  • Deutsch, Leo, at Freiburg, 3;
    • arrest, 4, 10;
    • imprisoned, 5;
    • joins the “Propagandist movement,” 6;
    • member of the Kiëv Buntari, 9;
    • attempt on the life of Gorinòvitch, 9;
    • escapes from Kiëv, 10, 98;
    • examination, 12;
    • recognition of Prof. Thun, 14;
    • statement of his case, 17;
    • founds the League for the Emancipation of Labour, 17 n.;
    • religious opinions, 24;
    • his photograph, 27;
    • change of cell, 28;
    • plans of escape, 31;
    • interviews with the Public Prosecutor, 33-36, 37;
    • defence, 34;
    • charges against, 35;
    • extradition demanded, 35;
    • preparations for the journey to Russia, 41;
    • at Frankfurt-am-Main prison, 42;
    • Berlin prison, 45;
    • Granitza, 46;
    • Fortress of Peter and Paul, 48;
    • first examination, 52;
    • deprived of his spectacles, 55;
    • at the House of Detention in Petersburg, 57-72;
    • reasons for his confinement in the fortress, 61-63;
    • methods of communication between prisoners, 65, 66;
    • at Odessa prison, 73;
    • hunger-strikes, 76, 277;
    • method of hearing news, 81;
    • brief military career, 84-87;
    • terms of his indictment, 87;
    • trial, 88-91;
    • sentence, 91;
    • made to assume the dress of a convict, 95;
    • a “political” prisoner, 97;
    • at Kiëv prison, 98;
    • at Moscow prison, 110;
    • unfastens his fetters, 124;
    • preparations for leaving Moscow, 138;
    • revolt against head-shaving, 139;
    • on the journey by boat, 142, 151;
    • at Tiumen, 148;
    • at Tomsk, 153;
    • offered a “swop,” 154-157;
    • friendly relations with convicts, 163;
    • at Krasnoyarsk, 184;
    • at Irkutsk, 189;
    • at Verkhny-Udinsk, 196;
    • loss of his fetters, 199;
    • at Tchita prison, 201;
    • Nertchinsk, 204;
    • Kara, 206;
    • in the “nobles’ room,” 215;
    • in the “Sanhedrin room,” 240;
    • attack of scurvy, 245;
    • in the “Commune room,” 257;
    • his release, 299;
    • at the penal settlement, 300;
    • his work, 302;
    • hut, 303;
    • relations with the peasants, 312;
    • his treatment of the prìstav, 314;
    • assists in taking the census, 317-322;
    • search for a monumental stone, 323;
    • at Stretyensk, 325;
    • his longing for home, 327;
    • at Blagovèstshensk, 327;
    • flight from Siberia, 347;
    • at Habarovsk, 349;
    • Nikolsk-Ussurìsk, 349;
    • Vladivostock, 350;
    • Nagasaki, 351-353;
    • Yokohama, 354;
    • Honolulu, 354;
    • Hawaii, 355;
    • San Francisco, 356;
    • Chicago, 356;
    • New York, 357;
    • Zurich, 357
  • Dihovsky, Moses, 235 n.
  • Dmohovsky, his burial, 234 n.
  • Dnieper, 99 n., 143
  • Doha, or cloak, 317
  • Dorpat, 15
  • Dostoiëvsky, Memoirs from the Dead-house, 293
  • Drebyasghin, condemned to death, 11, 62
  • Drenteln, General, 217;
    • attempt on his life, 218
  • Dühring, Eugene, 212, 216
  • Dulemba, 259
  • Dzvonkyèvitch, his attempt to escape on the march to Siberia, 170;
    • in Kara prison, 210
  • Easter, celebration of, in Russia, 134
  • Ekaterinburg, 144
  • Elisavetgrad, Kiëv Buntari at, 9
  • Erthel, 65
  • Espionage in German prison, 25
  • Étape, or halting-station, 147, 149, 203
  • Europe and Asia, boundary post between, 147
  • Exiles, 148, 198, 293 n., 307
  • Extradition, treaty between Germany and Russia, 6, 53;
  • Fetters, fastening on, 95;
    • loss, 199;
    • permission to break, 124-126
  • Fifty, trial of the, 205
  • Figner, Vera, her appearance, 80;
    • arrest, 80 n.;
    • sentence, 115 n., 118;
    • her character, 116, 118;
    • revolutionary views, 116;
    • impressions of the peasants, 117;
    • attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
    • in Schlüsselburg for life, 118
  • Flogging, punishment of, 285, 288, 291
  • Fomin, imprisoned in Kara, 241;
    • his industry, 241;
    • studies natural science, 242;
    • release, 299 n.
  • Fomitchòv, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
    • in Kara prison, 241;
    • sentence, 242;
    • chained to the wheelbarrow, 242;
    • his defence of the Tsar, 243;
    • attack on Pohorukov, 296;
    • his reasons for it, 297;
    • term of imprisonment lengthened, 298
  • Food, in Freiburg prison, 23;
    • in Fortress of Peter and Paul, 50;
    • in Moscow prison, 132;
    • in Kara prison, 221
  • “Fourteen, trial of the,” 112, 115
  • Frankfurt-am-Main, 42;
    • governor of the gaol at, 42
  • Freiburg, 1;
    • journey to, 2;
    • arrested at, 4;
    • imprisoned, 5;
    • departure from, 42
  • Freiburg prison, 21
  • Frolènko, assists prisoners to escape from Kiëv, 98, 99 n.;
    • his attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
    • sentence, 117 n.
  • Fusan harbour, 351
  • Galitzin, Prince, Vice-Governor of Moscow, 136
  • Galkin-Vrassky, head of the Prisons Department, 136, 234;
  • Gambling, habit of, 159, 177
  • Garden, laying out a, in Kara prison, 254
  • Gèhkin, Baron, murdered, 70;
    • allows Luryè to escape, 86
  • Gèhlis, 57 n.
  • Gendarmerie, the Russian, x, 46
  • Gensan harbour, 351
  • Germany, Social-Democratic movement, law against, 1;
  • Germany, conditions of prison life, 22;
    • the Public Prosecutor, 27
  • Gold, search for, in the River Kara, 305
  • Goldenberg, his statement, 92
  • Golubtsòv, captain of the guard, 208;
    • his relations with the “politicals,” 272;
    • advice to Masyukov, 273;
    • transferred to the section for ordinary criminals, 296
  • Gorinòvitch, Nicholas, his treachery, 9;
    • attempt against his life, 9, 35, 53;
    • deposition, 89
  • Gotz, Michael, attempt to obtain his extradition, 282 n.
  • Granitza, the frontier station, 46
  • Gratchènsky, 268
  • Gribsky, General, N. R., military governor of the Amur province, 329;
    • on the massacre of the Chinese, 342;
    • order to annihilate Chinese, 342
  • Grodèkov, General, 91
  • Grodekov, Governor-General, 329
  • Gruzia, 205
  • Grỳnevitsky, assassinates Alexander II., 264;
  • Habarovsk, 329, 348, 349
  • Halting-stations, 147, 160, 180, 203
  • Hawaii, island of, 355
  • Head-shaving, process of, 95, 120;
    • dispensation, 126;
    • revolt against, 139
  • Herzegovina, insurrection in, 85
  • Herzfeld, Sophia Löschern von, 266, 267
  • Hodinsky, plain of, 343
  • Honolulu, 354
  • Hrùstchov, Nicholas, sentence, 234 n.;
    • escape from Kara prison, 234;
    • recapture, 235;
    • his manual work, 241
  • Hunger-strikes, 190, 263, 273, 277, 284;
    • method of, 76
  • “Illegals,” meaning of the term, 9 n.
  • Ilyashèvitch, Governor, 193, 235;
    • attempt on his life, 193
  • Ingermann, Dr., 357
  • Irkutsk prison, 189
  • Irtisch, 151
  • Isbìtsky, Ladislas, 171
  • Isbìtsky, V., his attempt to escape from Kiëv prison, 99, 155
  • Ispravnik, or head of the district police, 145
  • Ivanein, Karl, 241
  • Ivànov, Basil, his escape from Kiëv prison, 100
  • Ivànov, Colonel, 68
  • Ivànov, I., 57 n.
  • Ivànova, Sophia, 196
  • Ivanòvskaya, Praskòvya, 269
  • Ivàntchenko, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.
  • Japan, progress of, 353;
    • character of the people, 354
  • Kalayev, his arrest, 359
  • Kalyùshnaya, Maria, her attempt on the life of Colonel Katànsky, 82;
    • sentenced to penal servitude, 82, 151, 157;
    • her longing for freedom, 172;
    • at Nertchinsk prison, 204;
    • at Ust-Kara, 206;
    • in Kara prison, 269;
    • joins in a hunger-strike, 273;
    • takes poison, 288
  • Kalyùshny, Alexander, his attempted escape from Irkutsk prison, 189 n.;
    • a “Sirius,” 229;
    • appointed intermediary in the women’s hunger-strike, 273;
    • commits suicide, 290
  • Kama, the, 142
  • Kanonovitch, Colonel, 342
  • Kara penal settlement, 227 n., 300;
    • legal regulations, 236;
    • see Nizhnaya-Kara
  • Kara prison, escape of prisoners, 57 n., 234;
    • arrival at, 209;
    • nicknames of rooms, 215;
    • the “nobles’
  • room,” 215;
    • system regulating the prisoners’ daily life, 221;
    • the artèl, 221;
    • allowance of food, 221;
    • distribution of money, 221;
    • “May days” events, 233;
    • work of gold-washing, 233;
    • rebuilt, 235;
    • measures against the “politicals” in, 235, 236;
    • changes of commandants, 236;
    • modifications, 236;
    • the “Sanhedrin room,” 240;
    • first spring in, 245;
    • monotony of the life, 248;
    • physical exercise, 254;
    • garden, 254;
    • concessions under Colonel Masyukov, 256, 257;
    • the “Commune room,” 257;
    • number of prisoners, 259;
    • women “politicals,” 266-269;
    • conditions of life, 270;
    • order for the removal of prisoners to Akatoui, 294;
    • release of others, 298
  • Kara River, 300;
    • gold-washing settlements, 233;
    • search for, 305
  • Karanlov, 120
  • Karovàiev, the exiled Decabrist, 200
  • Kashintsev, Ivan, his term of imprisonment, 198;
  • “Kassiber,” or written message, 25
  • Katànsky, Colonel, attempt on his life, 82
  • “Katorga,” or penal servitude, 196;
    • sentences, alleviation of, 236
  • Katz, exiled to SiberiaSiberia, 36
  • Kennan, George, his travels, 202;
    • Siberia and the Exile System, v, 206 n.;
    • his visit to Kara, 239
  • KettelerKetteler, Baron von, his murder, 328
  • Khàrkov, 80, 92, 119, 261, 263
  • Khàrkov gaol, attempted rescue from, 261
  • Khàrkov, Governor of, assassinated, 93
  • Khàrkov, University of, 273
  • Khàrkov, Veterinary College at, 215
  • Kherson, 192
  • Kibàltchitch, his attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
  • Kiëv Buntari, 9
  • Kiëv prison, 10, 98;
    • escapes from, 10, 99, 100;
    • arrival at, 98;
    • independent spirit of the prisoners, 101
  • Kiëv University, riots in, 103
  • Kilauea volcano, 356
  • Knocking, communication between prisoners by means of, 51, 56, 65;
    • use of alphabetical code, in 51 n.
  • Kobiliànsky, in the Fortress of Peter and Paul, 56;
  • Kòbozev, 268.
  • Kohn, 259;
    • his release from Kara prison, 299 n.
  • Kolotkèvitch, his attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
  • Kopeck, value of, 142 n., 159, 222 n.
  • Korba, Anna, 267, 268
  • Korean peninsula, 351
  • Korf, Baron, Governor-General, his treatment of Elizabeth Kovàlskaya, 271;
    • on the new regulations at Akatoui prison, 294
  • Korniènko, 186
  • Koros, Commandant of Kara prison, 236
  • Kostyurin, Victor, sentence, 11;
    • his release from prison, 206;
    • meeting with Deutsch, 207
  • Kotliarèvsky, Deputy Public Prosecutor, 53;
    • his faculty for keen observation, 54;
    • on the reason for Deutsch’s confinement in the Fortress of Peter and Paul, 61-63;
    • on the “old clothes case,” 64;
    • on the murder of Mèzentzev, 70;
    • appointed President of the Courts at Vilna, 72
  • Kovalèvskaya, Maria, details of her life, 187;
    • character, 188, 190;
    • hunger-strike, 189, 273, 284;
    • sufferings, 190;
    • views, 191;
    • her arrival at Kara prison, 271;
    • treatment of the doctor, 284;
    • takes poison, 288
  • Kovalèvsky, 188
  • Kovalièv, 122
  • Kovàlik, attempts to escape from prison, 260
  • Kovàlskaya, Elizabeth, her escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
    • attempts to escape, 197;
    • in Kara prison, 269;
    • her behaviour to the Governor-General, 271;
    • removal ordered, 271;
    • her removal at night, 272
  • Kovàlsky, Captain, 98
  • Kòziriov, 172
  • Krasnoyarsk, 170;
    • arrival at, 184;
    • prison, 184;
    • regulations, 185
  • Kratzenovsky, 235 n.
  • Kravtchìnsky, S., his attempt on the life of General Mèzentzev, 92, 263
  • Krayev, released, 11
  • KremutshyKremutshy, 99 n.
  • Kridner, Nicholas, Deutsch under name of, 14
  • Krivènko, 65
  • Kropotkin, Prince, Governor of Khàrkov, 93
  • Kropotkin, Prince Peter, 263
  • Kulaki, or usurers, 176
  • Kurgan, 205
  • Kùritzin, his release, 11;
  • Kurnei, 352
  • Kutitònskaya, Maria, her arrest, 192;
    • sentence, 193;
    • attempt on the life of Ilyashèvitch, 193;
    • appearance, 193;
    • death, 193
  • Kuznetsov, 323
  • Kviatkòvsky, sentenced to death, 214
  • “Labour, League for the Emancipation of,” 17 n., 21, 212
  • Lavrov, Peter, 82
  • Làzarev, Yegor, in Moscow prison, 129;
    • elected chief of the commissariat, 132;
    • banished to Eastern Siberia, 151;
    • on the conduct of the Chief of Police at Irkutsk, 194;
    • interned at Tchita, 202
  • League for the Emancipation of Labour, 17 n., 21, 212
  • Lèbedieva, imprisoned at Kara, 266;
    • her death, 266
  • Leiblen, Herr, 13, 18
  • Lesnik, Colonel, Governor of the Fortress of Peter and Paul, 49
  • Lesnoye, 117
  • Letters, reception of, in Kara prison, 250, 251
  • Levtchenko, 235 n.
  • Li-Wa-Chan, 335
  • Librarian, post of, in Kara prison, 227
  • Lisogùb, 192, 242;
  • Lissenko, on the reason for his murders, 304;
    • illegal trade, 305
  • Listvinitchnaya, 195
  • Literature, socialistic, prohibition of, in Russia, 1;
    • printed in Switzerland, 1
  • Liverpool, 357
  • London, 357
  • Lopàtin, Hermann, 82;
    • his arrest, 121
  • Luri, 259;
    • his release from prison, 298
  • Luryè, Semen, his escape from Kiëv, 86
  • Lustig, Ferdinand, on the conditions of life in Kara, 195
  • Lyòchky, his execution in Irkutsk prison, 189 n.
  • Maidànsky, condemned to death, 11, 62
  • Makeyeva, Madame, her entreaties for the life of her Chinese servant, 338
  • Màlaya Sadòvaya Street, 268
  • Malinka, condemned to death, 11, 62
  • Maltchèvsky, Captain, 111;
    • his treatment of the prisoners, 113;
    • testimonial to, 139
  • Malyòvany, Vladimir, exiled to Siberia, 105, 151;
  • Manayev, 237
  • Manchuria, entry of Russian army into, 345
  • Mankòvsky, 259
  • Martinovsky, stàrosta at Kara prison, 209, 217;
  • Marx, Karl, his doctrines, 17 n.;
  • Masyukov, Colonel, commandant of Kara prison, 255;
    • appearance, 255;
    • character, 256;
    • concessions, 256;
    • his treatment of Elizabeth Kovàlskaya, 272;
    • wish to be transferred, 274;
    • “boycotted” by the women, 278;
    • struck by Sigida, 280;
    • his successor appointed, 298
  • “May days” events, 233
  • McKinley, President, his assassination, 356
  • Medvèdiev, Alexei, his attempted rescue from prison, 215, 262;
    • escape from Khàrkov gaol and recapture, 261;
    • sentence, 262;
    • character, 262;
    • predisposition to alcoholism, 263
  • Melikov, Count Loris, Minister of the Interior, 234;
    • decree against the “politicals,” 234;
    • annulled, 236
  • Melnikova, 110
  • Mendelssohn, Stanislas, his escape from prison, 46
  • Merkúlov, 80 n.
  • Messenger, The European, 250
  • Mèzentzev, General, murdered, 70, 92, 218, 263
  • Mihaïlov, Adrian, a “Sirius,” 229;
    • arrest and sentence, 264;
    • his remarkable memory, 264;
    • release from Kara prison, 299 n.
  • Mihailovsky, N., 212
  • “Militarists,” 131
  • Minuisinsk, 187;
    • ispravnik of, 187
  • “Minuses,” nickname of, 223
  • Minyukov, 235 n.
  • Mirsky, his attempt on the life of General Drenteln, 218;
    • arrest and sentence, 219;
    • appearance, 220;
    • views on social conditions in Russia, 220;
    • on the new regulations at Akatoui prison, 295;
    • release from Kara prison, 299 n.
  • Mongolia, 137
  • Moor, Karl, 14, 16
  • Morphia, poisoning by, 289
  • Moscow, journey to, 106;
    • arrival at, 110;
    • departure from, 140;
    • the high-road from, 169
  • Moscow prison, 110
  • Moscow railway, train blown up, 11, 219
  • Mouraviev, the Public Prosecutor, 52;
    • attempt on his life, 122
  • Music, cultivation of, in Kara prison, 253
  • Myshkin, his escape from Kara prison, 234;
  • Mysolowitz, 359
  • Mysovaya, 196
  • Nabòkov, Minister of Justice, 61;
    • petition to, 87;
    • his visit to Odessa prison, 94
  • Nagasaki, 351-353
  • Narim, 152
  • Naròdnaia Vòlya, 4, 13, 196;
  • “Naròdnaia Vòlya, Red Cross League of the,” 64
  • Neblàgonadyèshny, or untrustworthy, 107
  • Nertchinsk prison, condition of, 204
  • Netshaëv case, 259
  • New York, 357
  • Nicholas I., vii;
    • revolt on his accession, 200 n.
  • Nicholas II., manifestoes on his marriage and coronation, 316
  • Nijni-Kolymsk, 281
  • Nijni-Novgorod, 142
  • Nijni-Udînsk, 186
  • Nikolin, Captain, Governor of Kara prison, 195;
    • his character, 198, 237;
    • treatment of the prisoners, 237;
    • appearance, 238;
    • nickname, 238;
    • excess of zeal, 239;
    • tyrannies, 246;
    • departure, 247
  • Nikolsk-Ussurîsk, 349
  • Nizhnaya-Kara, 206;
    • penal settlement at, 300;
    • population, 300;
    • regulations, 301;
    • work, 302;
    • monotony of the life, 310;
    • employment of convict labour, 311
  • “Nobles’ room” in Kara prison, inmates of, 215
  • Novakòvsky, 186
  • Novìtsky, Colonel, 103
  • Nyèüstroyev, his execution in Irkutsk prison, 189 n.
  • Obi, 151, 153
  • Ochrana, or secret police, 43 n.
  • Odessa, 9;
    • journey to, 73
  • Odessa prison, 74
  • Olchin, A., 219
  • “Old clothes case,” 64;
    • work of the society, 133
  • Olshàninov, 52
  • Opium, poisoning by, 289
  • Orfenov, Colonel, on the means of defence in Blagovèstshensk, 330
  • Oriel, 109
  • Orlov, Paul, mode of escape, 55;
    • in Kara prison, 209
  • Ossìnsky, 99 n;
    • attempt on the life of Kotliarèvsky, 53
  • Ostàshkin, Vice-Governor, in command of the province of Yakutsk, 281
  • Ostiaks, 152
  • Ozovsky, 259
  • Pankràtov, 120
  • Paris, 357
  • Pashkòvsky, 259
  • Perm, 142
  • Perovskaya, Sophia, 196
  • Peter and Paul, Fortress of, 48, 52, 54, 57 n., 99, 101, 166 n., 219, 236, 260, 263, 265, 269;
    • rations, 50;
    • outdoor exercise, 51;
    • knocking between prisoners, 51;
    • Alexei-Ravelin tower, 219, 260, 262
  • Petersburg, arrival in, 48;
    • departure from, 72
  • Petersburg House of Detention, 57;
    • rules, 58;
    • outdoor exercise, 60;
    • system of communication, 66
  • Piròg, or sort of pie, 226
  • Plehànov, 17 n.;
    • Socialism and the Political Struggle, 213
  • Plehve, chief of the Central Department of the State Police, 55
  • “Pluses,” nickname of, 223
  • Pohitònov, Captain, 115 n.
  • Pohorukov, attack on, 296;
    • superintendent of Nizhnaya-Kara, settlement, 301
  • Pohùlov, Major, Governor of the ordinary convicts prison, 239;
    • his system of robbery, 240
  • Polish insurrection of 1863, vii, 48
  • “Politicals,” method of the Government in dealing with, 40 n.;
    • system of communication in prison, 51, 66;
    • distinction between ordinary criminals, 97 n.;
    • equality, 128, 131;
    • demeanour of the staff towards, 136;
    • separation, 150;
    • hardships of the journey to Siberia, 158;
    • dispute about the hour for starting, 161-163;
    • relations with the criminals, 163;
    • escapes from prison, 189 n., 234;
    • work of gold-washing, 233;
    • privileges, 234;
    • decree against, 234;
    • annulled, 236;
    • measures against, 235;
    • modifications, 236;
    • petitions for pardon, 277;
    • join in a hunger-strike, 277;
    • expiration of the sentence, 293 n.;
    • release of, 298, 299 n.;
    • relations with the peasants, 312;
    • women, 266-269;
    • conditions of life in prison, 270;
    • relations with the authorities, 270;
    • disputes, 271;
    • their hunger-strikes, 273, 277, 284;
    • boycott Captain Masyukov, 278;
    • sufferings, 279
  • Poltava, 107
  • Pood, value of, 308 n.
  • Popko, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.
  • Popov, Michael, 57 n.
  • Posen, Nicholas, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n;
    • in Kara prison, 244;
    • his passion for argument, 244;
    • petition for pardon, 277
  • Post, arrival of, in Kara prison, 249;
    • the “secret,” 251
  • Pressnyàkov, sentenced to death, 214
  • Prikastshikov, 340
  • Prison at Akatoui, 292;
    • Berlin, 45;
    • Frankfurt-am-Main, 42;
    • Freiburg, 21;
    • Irkutsk, 189;
    • Kara, 209;
    • Kiëv, 98;
    • Krasnoyarsk, 184;
    • Moscow, 110;
    • Nertchinsk, 204;
    • Odessa, 74;
    • Tomsk, 154
  • Prisoners, distinction between ordinary and “political,” 97 n.;
  • Prìstav, or commissioner of the police, 312;
    • his treatment of the peasants, 312;
    • of Leo Deutsch, 314;
    • superintends the taking of the census, 318-322
  • Prìsyetskaya, 191
  • “Probation time,” 236
  • “Proletariat, case of the,” 259
  • “Propagandist movement,” viii;
    • meaning of the term, 6;
    • its character, 7;
    • treachery in the, 8
  • Protopòpov, 65
  • Prybylyev, acts as medical adviser, 226;
    • his assistance to Pohorukov, 296;
    • release from Kara prison, 299 n.
  • Prybylyèva, Raissa, 206, 207
  • Ptshèlkina, Anna, 105, 106
  • Pugatchev, 110
  • Rashko, his attempt to rescue Alexei Medvèdiev, 261;
  • Rasìn, Stenka, 70
  • Rechnyèvskaia, Vitolda, 102
  • Rechnyèvsky, Thaddeus, 102, 259;
    • release from prison, 298
  • Red Cross League of the Naròdnaia Vòlya, 64;
    • work of the, 133
  • “Red” terrorism, meaning of the term, 10 n.
  • Rogachev, Lieutenant, 115
  • Romny, 107;
    • reading society at, 107;
    • arrest of “conspirators,” 108
  • Rosen, Dr., 77 n.
  • Ròssikova, Elena, 192;
    • her arrest and sentence, 192;
    • in Kara prison, 269;
    • removed, 271
  • Roth, inspector, 25, 28, 37
  • Rouble, value of a, 59 n., 222 n.
  • Rozòvsky, case of, 39
  • Rubìnok, his sentence, 121;
    • banished to Eastern Siberia, 151;
    • sent to Yakutsk, 195
  • Rumania, 36
  • Russakov, 264
  • Russel, Dr. N., 354;
    • his meeting with Deutsch, 355
  • Russia, “administrative methods,” 34, 36, 65, 293;
    • institution of banishment by, viii;
    • army, volunteer in the, 85;
    • census, orders for a, 317;
    • Christian names, use of, 104;
    • criminal code, 87, 293 n.;
    • Easter, custom at, 134;
    • extradition treaty, 6;
    • gendarmes, character of, 46;
    • literature, socialistic, prohibition of, 1;
    • “politicals,” method in dealing with, 40 n.;
    • prison regulations, 126;
    • Propagandist movement, viii, 6;
    • its character, 7;
    • reaction, 276, 357;
    • Social Democracy, expansion of the movement, 326;
    • views on, 212;
    • terrorists, number of, 64;
    • village communes, power of the, 176;
    • Workmen’s Union, 191, 198 n.
  • Russìnov, Councillor, 275;
    • his proposals of recantation, 276
  • Saghalien, island of, 91, 293, 311
  • Saghalien, Chinese village of, 328;
    • Russians take possession of, 345
  • Samoyedes, 152
  • San Francisco, 356
  • “Sanhedrin room,” in Kara prison, inmates of, 240
  • Satrapia, steamship, 357
  • Schlüsselburg fortress, 43 n., 57 n., 91, 117 n., 118, 120, 189 n., 214, 236, 260, 265
  • Scurvy, attack of, 245
  • Sectarians in Siberia, 176
  • Semyanovsky, commits suicide, 234
  • Sen, value of, 352
  • Serbìnova, 110
  • Seya, 344
  • Shabanov, the deputy-prìstav, 335;
    • on the massacre at Amur, 336;
    • appropriation of Chinese property, 341
  • Shebalìn, 120
  • Shebalina, Paraskovya, 102, 119;
  • Shilka River, 325
  • Shilkinskaya, Vòlost, 319
  • Shtchedrin, 57 n.;
  • Shtchulèpnikòva, Barbara, 119, 151, 157
  • Shtshulèpnikov, Senator, 128
  • Shturkòvsky, 57 n.
  • Siberia, army, decision to mobilise, 328;
    • Cesarèvitch, journey of the, through, 309;
    • Government, corruption of the, 168;
    • houses, appearance of the, 172;
    • inhabitants, character, 173-175;
    • prisoners, preparations for the journey to, 138;
    • hardships, 158;
    • convoy-stations, 158;
    • allowance of food, 159;
    • halting-stations, 147, 160, 180, 203;
    • accommodation, 161;
    • escape of convict-tramps, 165;
    • treatment of the peasants, 166-168;
    • flight from, 348;
    • railway, construction of, 144, 311;
    • winter, severity of the, 200, 202
  • Sigida, Nadyèshda, her sufferings in Kara prison, 279;
    • assault on the commandant, 280;
    • length of her fast, 284;
    • condemned to be flogged, 287;
    • death, 288
  • Simàshko, Governor of Kiëv prison, 98
  • “Sirius,” meaning of the term, 229
  • “Sixteen, Case of the,” 214
  • Smirnitskaya, Nadyèshda, 269;
    • takes poison, 288
  • Smirnòv, inspection of Moscow prison, 123;
    • plan for escape, 123
  • Snigiriòv, 181, 186
  • Social-Democratic movement in Germany, 1;
    • in Russia, ix, 17 n.;
    • expansion, 326;
    • German law against repealed, 358
  • Social Democrats, 131;
    • views on, in Germany, 213;
    • in Russia, 212
  • Soudyèhkin, Colonel, Commander of the Petersburg Ochrana, 43 n.;
    • assassinated, 43 n.;
    • succeeds in capturing terrorists, 267;
    • discovery of a bomb laboratory, 267
  • Souhomlìn, 259;
    • his release from prison, 298
  • Sozialdemokrat, 1, 13
  • Spandoni-Bosmàndshi, Athanasius, 112;
    • terms of his indictment, 118;
    • condemned to penal servitude, 151;
    • his illness, 186;
    • at Kara prison, 259
  • Stanitsa, Aigùnskaya, 321
  • Stanyukòvitch, 65
  • Starinkyèvitch, 209;
    • his character, 216;
    • sentence, 217;
    • release from Kara prison, 299 n.
  • Stàrosta, or head-man, 143, 147, 178;
    • advantages of the office, 178;
    • election, 223
  • Starshinà, or chief of the commune, 317
  • Statyehny spìsok, or “list of particulars,” 97
  • Steblin-Kamensky, 197;
    • on the prison life in Kara, 198
  • Stefanòvitch, Jacob, his escape from Kiëv, 10, 15, 99 n. 210 n.;
    • accused of attempt against the life of Gorinòvitch, 35;
    • extradition demanded, 35;
    • in Kara prison, 210;
    • arrest, 210 n.;
    • character, 210 n.;
    • appearance, 210 n.;
    • length of his imprisonment, 211 n.;
    • views on the Social-Democratic organisation, 215;
    • release deferred, 292;
    • interned in Yakutsk, 299 n.
  • Stepniak, 92 n., 263 n.;
  • Stretyensk, 325
  • Stromberg, Baron von, 115
  • Subòtniki, sect, 174
  • Suhànov, 264
  • Suicide of prisoners, 289
  • Sundelèvitch, 209;
    • his views on the revolutionary movement, 213;
    • his character, 214;
    • reaction, 214
  • Surgut, 152
  • Switzerland, 1, 11, 17, 19, 21, 27, 34, 42, 46, 104, 241
  • “Swop,” meaning of a, 155 n.
  • Taganrock, 218
  • Taiga, or primeval forest, 165, 306
  • Tarhov, 218
  • Tchekondze, 204, 205
  • Tchemodànova, Liubov, 151, 157
  • Tchernishevsky, imprisoned at Viluisk, 166;
    • his novel, What Should We Do? 166 n.;
    • attempted rescue, 234 n.
  • Tchigirìn case, 10, 15
  • Tchita, 174;
    • arrival at, 201
  • Tchòrny Peredyèl, or Redivision of the Land, 215
  • Tchubàrov, 192, 242
  • Tchuikòv, Vladimir, 112;
    • terms of his indictment, 119;
    • condemned to penal servitude, 151;
    • at Nertchinsk prison, 204;
    • at Kara, 207;
    • appointed librarian, 228
  • Terrorism, viii, ix, 8, 220, 230;
    • the “red” and the “white,” meaning of the terms, 10 n.
  • Terrorists, 8, 10, 15, 121, 130, 196, 213, 230, 267, 273;
    • number of, in Russia, 64
  • Thun, Professor, Geschichte der revolutionären Bewegung in Russland, 7 n., 10 n., 98 n.;
    • interpreter at Freiburg, 14;
    • his lectures, 14;
    • views on the terrorists, 15;
    • lecture on “Two Episodes in the Russian Revolutionary Movement,” 15;
    • his suggestions for escape from Freiburg prison, 31
  • Tihomìrov, Leo, 82;
    • a leader of the Naròdnaia Vòlya, 276;
    • his apostasy, 276;
    • Why I ceased to be a Revolutionist, 276
  • Tìhonov, 100
  • Tihonòvitch, Lieut. Alexander, 115 n.;
  • Tishtchenko, 189 n.
  • Tiumen, 120, 144;
    • separation of exiles at, 148
  • Tiutchev, his marriage, 207
  • Tobol, 151
  • Tobolsk, 149, 152
  • Tokio, 354
  • Tolstoi, Count Dimitri, 274;
    • appointed Minister of the Interior, 130
  • Tolstoi, Count Leo, his visit to Moscow prison, 129;
    • gift of books to the prisoners, 138
  • Tomi, 151
  • Tominin, appointed commandant of Kara prison, 298
  • Tomsk, 105 n., 151, 153;
    • prison at, 154
  • Tools, possession of, in Kara prison, 240, 257
  • Transbaikalia, 193
  • Treaty, extradition, between Germany and Russia, 6, 53;
  • Trepòv, General, Governor of PetersburgPetersburg, fired at, 263
  • “Trial of the 193,” 261, 263
  • Troikas, or three-horsed carriages, 144;
    • mode of travelling by, 146
  • Tula, 109
  • Tunka, 137
  • Tura, 151
  • Tusslukov, Captain, 343
  • “Twenty, Trial of the,” in 1882, 258, 264, 269
  • Vannòvsky, Minister of War, 86
  • Vasìliev, Makàr, 119;
  • Verchoyansk, 281
  • Verkhny-Kolymsk, 281
  • Verkhny-Udinsk, prison at, 196, 271
  • Vèstnik Evropuy, 250
  • Vilna, 72
  • Viluisk, 166, 234 n.
  • Vladivostock, 235, 347, 350
  • Vlastòpoulo, 172;
    • terrorist principles, 275;
    • recantation, 276
  • Volga, the, 142
  • Volhònsky, Prince, 128
  • Vòlkov, Captain, 106, 144, 343
  • Volkovinsky, Captain, 338, 343
  • Volòshenko, his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
    • his views on the Social Democrats, 212
  • Vorontsov, 188
  • Voynoràlsky, his attempts to escape from prison, 260
  • Vrassky, Galkin, see Galkin-Vrassky
  • Warsaw, 48
  • Wheelbarrow, chained to the, 189 n., 242
  • “White” terrorism, meaning of the term, 10 n.
  • Wolkenstein, Ludmilla, 115 n.
  • Yablonovoi mountain ridges, 200
  • Yablonski, 2, 12
  • Yakìmova, Anna, 269
  • Yakovlov, Captain, temporary commandant of Kara prison, 255
  • Yakubòvitch, Peter, 259;
    • on the new regulations at Akatoui prison, 295
  • Yakutsk, province of, 122, 307
  • Yaliks, or boats, 152
  • Yankovski, his sentence, 11
  • Yatzèvitch, Nicholas, 241;
    • his escape from Irkutsk prison and recapture, 189 n.;
    • imprisoned at Kara, 215, 262;
    • attempt to rescue Medvèdiev, 215, 262;
    • character, 216;
    • a “Sirius,” 229;
    • champion chess-player, 253
  • Yefremov, his arrest and sentence, 262
  • Yemelyànov, his share in the assassination of Alexander II., 264;
    • sentence, 265;
    • change of views, 265;
    • his petition for pardon, 277
  • Yenisei, 186
  • Yokohama, 354
  • Yordan, the student, his longing for freedom, 172
  • Young Naròdnaia Vòlya, members of the, 131
  • Yun-Tcha-San, 338
  • Yurhovsky, 235 n.
  • “Yurtas,” or tent-shaped hovels, 308
  • Yuvatchov, Ensign Ivan, 115 n.
  • Zassoùlitch, Vera, 17 n.;
    • her attempt on the life of General Trepòv, 263
  • Zeit, Die Neue, extract from, 328 n.
  • Zemlyà i Vòlya, or Land and Freedom, 116;
    • society dissolved, 196
  • Zèmskaya kvàrtira, or official residences, 319
  • Zhelyàbov, 269
  • Zion, Professor, 285
  • Zlatopòlsky, Leo, his attempt on the life of Alexander II., 117;
  • Zlatoust, strike at, 71 n.
  • Zoubrtchitsky, 253
  • Zuckermann, in Nertchinsk prison, 204;
    • his character, 205;
    • commits suicide, 205
  • Zurich, 1, 357