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The Age of Justinian and Theodora: A History of the Sixth Century A.D., Volume 2 (of 2) cover

The Age of Justinian and Theodora: A History of the Sixth Century A.D., Volume 2 (of 2)

Chapter 13: INDEX
By William Gordon Holmes
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About This Book

A comprehensive account of sixth-century imperial rule that combines biographical portraiture with military, administrative, legal, religious, and cultural history. It follows the emperors’ campaigns against Persia and the Gothic kingdoms, the recovery of Africa and Italy, and key internal crises such as factional riots and the suppression of Athens’ philosophical schools. The narrative examines palace life and the imperial couple’s influence, the construction of a monumental cathedral, the codification of law, theological policy, and contemporary literature and art, closing with an appraisal of the late reign and its institutional and cultural legacy.

INDEX

  • Abasgi, conversion of, 702;
    • revolt of, 758.
  • Academy of Plato, 421.
  • Achaemenian dynasty of Persia, 373.
  • Adarbâd, revisor of Avesta, 384.
  • Aerikon, a tax, 485.
  • Africa, provinces of, 492;
    • campaigns of Belisarius in, 501 sqq.;
    • Byzantine government of, 517.
  • Africans, character of, 496;
    • dress of, 497.
  • Agapetus, Pope, at CP., 671.
  • Agathias, historian, on philosophers, 436;
    • his writings, 748.
  • Agnates, relatives by males, 715.
  • Ahura-Mazda, Persian "Lord of Wisdom," 376.
  • Alamundar, Arab sheikh, invades Syria, 404.
  • Alexander the Great, his conquests and successors, 371.
  • Alexander the "Scissors," 624.
  • Alexandria, corn monopoly at, 483;
    • religious war at, 676.
  • Amalasuntha, Gothic Queen, 546;
  • Amshaspands, Persian council of Heaven, 377.
  • Anastasius, his savings dissipated, 441.
  • Ancona, naval battle of, 646.
  • Angra-Mainyu, Persian "Devisor of Evil," 376.
  • Anthemius, architect, 529.
  • Anthimus, Monophysite Patriarch, 670.
  • Antioch, 587;
    • capture of, 590.
  • Antonina, wife of Belisarius, her infidelities and intrigues, 605, 611, 673;
    • supposed capture at Portus, 637;
    • her death, 741.
  • Apamea, Persian King at, 592.
  • Apostles, Holy, new church of, 537, 743.
  • Aphthartodocetæ, heresy of, 742.
  • Arab conquests, 757.
  • Archaeopolis, siege of, 728.
  • Arda Virâf, visits heaven and hell, 384.
  • Ardeshír, founder of later Persian Empire, 373;
    • avenger of Darius, 385.
  • Areobindus, African governor, his murder, 522.
  • Arethas, Arab sheikh, 407, 594, 688.
  • Ariminum, betrayal of, 572;
    • siege of, 574;
    • battle at, 652.
  • Aristotle, philosopher, 421.
  • Arsacid or Parthian dynasty of Persia, 371, 373.
  • Art, Byzantine, 749 sqq.
  • Artabanes, a general, in Africa, 522;
    • in Armenia, 585;
    • at CP., 621;
    • in Sicily, 646;
    • in Italy, 662.
  • Artabanus, defeated by Ardeshír, 373.
  • Asclepigeneia, female philosopher, 428.
  • Athanagild, Visigothic King, 527.
  • Athanasius, judge in Lazica, 732.
  • Augustus, his limiting of the Empire, 371;
  • Aurelian, walls of, at Rome, 555.
  • Auximum, siege and capture of, 572, 573, 578.
  • Avars, embassy from, 735.
  • Avesta, the Persian Bible, 376.
  • Bachelors, disabilities of, 718.
  • Baduela, Gothic King. See Totila.
  • Balâsh, Shah, dethroned for building baths, 379.
  • Barbarians, assaults of on Empire, 417, 734, 736.
  • Barishnûm, Persian purification, 379.
  • Belisarius, his campaigns against Persia, 397, 593, 596;
  • Berytus, loses silk trade, 483;
    • law school at, 724;
    • ruin of, 753.
  • Bessas, a general, in Armenia, 413;
  • Bishops, rules for appointing, 689;
    • ethics of, 690;
    • exemptions of, ibid.
  • Boarex, Queen of Huns, 418.
  • Boethius, statesman and author, 546, 749.
  • Bolum, a fort, 402.
  • Bosporus, revolt of, 701.
  • Britain, fabulous account of, 745.
  • Brunechilde, daughter of Athanagild, 528.
  • Burial in earth illegal in Persia, 378.
  • Butilin and Leuthar, Frankish generals, invade Italy, 661;
  • Butzes, a general, 395.
  • Buzes, a general, 398, 413;
    • he deserts Hierapolis, 586.
  • Callinicus, battle of, 407;
    • taking of, 597.
  • Callinicus, a Rector, impaled, 455.
  • Carthage, topography of, 493 sqq.;
    • siege of, 510.
  • Casilinum, battle of, 664.
  • Cassiodorus, statesman and author, 546, 749.
  • Cassius, Avidius, his massacre of the Seleucians, 372.
  • Cavades, Persian king, his deposition, 387;
    • restoration, 388;
    • his war with Rome, 395;
    • his death, 414.
  • Cavades, Persian prince in Roman army, 415, 649.
  • Centumcellae, 644.
  • Chalke, vestibule, restoration of, 537.
  • Children, illegitimate, 691, 719.
  • Chosroantioch, 591.
  • Chosroes, Persian king, his accession, 415;
  • Church property, 692.
  • Circus factions, affectations of, 453;
    • enormities of, 454.
  • Cisterns at CP., 539;
    • Strzygowski and Forscheimer on date of, ibid.
  • Clergy, rules for, 691.
  • Code of Justinian, 721.
  • Comito, sister of Theodora, 403.
  • Constantina, new anti-Persian fortress, 416.
  • Constantine, a general, 564, 567;
    • his death, 606.
  • Constitutum, Justinian's doctrinal thesis, 684 sqq.
  • Consuls, abolition of, 484.
  • Corippus, poet, 526, 743.
  • Cothon, harbour at Carthage, 494.
  • Council, Fifth Oecumenical, 684, 899.
  • Cow, sacred to Persians, 379.
  • Cremation, illegal in Persia, 378.
  • Cruelties of Roman soldiers in Lazica, 733.
  • Ctesiphon, Parthian capital of Persia, 374;
    • taken by Trajan, 372.
  • Cudworth, Cambridge Platonist, 439.
  • Cumae, siege of, 659;
    • surrender of, 662.
  • Cutzes, a general, 395.
  • Cyrus, the Achaemenian, founder of Persian Empire, 371;
    • a new, at Istakhr, 373.
  • Dagisthaeus, a general, parallel between and Bessas, 658.
  • Damascius, philosopher, 432, 438.
  • Daphne, grove at Antioch, 589, 592.
  • Dara, battle of, 397;
    • fortifications of, 542.
  • Darmsteter on Zoroaster, 376 sqq.
  • Debtors, new laws in favour of, 712.
  • Decimum, battle of, 507.
  • Defenders of Cities, restoration of, 476.
  • Demetrius, a general, 626 sqq.
  • Demarch and Mandator, dialogue between, 456.
  • Diehl, Byzantine archaeologist, 410, 473, 497, 543, 749.
  • Digest or Pandects, 722.
  • Dinkhard, late Pahlavi treatises, 394.
  • Diocletian, his Persian wars, 372.
  • Divorce, laws respecting, 719.
  • Dog, wonderful, 643.
  • Domitian, resemblance of Justinian to, 366.
  • Druj Nasu, Persian demon of lies, 377.
  • Edessa, engineering at, 541;
    • siege of, 598.
  • Elesbaas, Negus, embassy to, 410.
  • Elijah, Justinian compared to, 443.
  • Encyclical, Papal decree, 687.
  • Epibole, a tax, 485.
  • Epicurus, philosopher, 423.
  • Erse, Irish and Sanskrit, 375.
  • Eudaemon, Prefect of City, 458.
  • Eudocia, Roman princess, marries Vandal King, 500, 516.
  • Eudoxia, Empress, 499.
  • Euphemia, daughter of John of Cappadocia, 614.
  • Father and son, laws as to, 713.
  • Firdausi, Persian poet, 394.
  • Fire-temples, Persian, 393.
  • Forscheimer (and Strzygowski) on date of cisterns at CP., 539.
  • Forts, Byzantine, 542.
  • Foundlings, laws as to, 711.
  • Funeral rites, Justinian's described, 742.
  • Gaianus, heresiarch, 675.
  • Galerius, his Persian wars, 372.
  • Gelimer, Vandal king, 501;
    • his capture, 514;
    • at CP., 516.
  • Genseric, Vandal king, 499, 563.
  • Germanus, nephew of Justinian, in Africa, 520;
    • at Antioch, 588;
    • his death, 646.
  • Goat, abandoned infant reared by a, 575.
  • Golden Horn, new bridge at, 541.
  • Gontharis, revolt of, 521.
  • Gubazes, Lazic king, revolts to Persia, 594;
    • his murder, 731;
    • trial respecting, 732.
  • Gudelina, wife of Theodahad, 610, 611.
  • Hadrian, Emperor, Mausoleum of (Castle of St. Angelo), 557, 567;
    • his Perpetual Edict, 716.
  • Heraion, palace of, 368.
  • Heretics, disabilities of, 692 sqq.;
    • punishment of, ibid.
  • Hermogenes, minister and general, 396.
  • Hierapolis, desertion of, by Buzes, 586.
  • Hilderic, Vandal king, 500, 549.
  • Homerites, or Himyarites, 410.
  • Hormisdas, palace, later use of, 669, 682, etc.
  • Huns, irruptions of, 412, 648, 736;
    • conversion of, 701.
  • Husband and wife, laws as to, 719.
  • Hypatius and Pompeius, usurpers, 460, sqq.
  • Illegitimate children, 691, 719.
  • Inheritance, laws as to, 715, sqq.
  • Institutes of Justinian, 723.
  • Interest on money lent, 713.
  • Iran, native name of Persia, 373.
  • Iron Castle, Lazica, taking of, 733.
  • Isdigunas, Persian ambassador, 600, 726.
  • Isidorus, architect, 529, 754.
  • Islands, prefect of, 473.
  • Istakhr, capital of Persis, 373;
    • a new Cyrus arises at, ibid.
  • Jacob Baradaeus, apostle of Monophysites, 688.
  • Jews, treatment of, 698.
  • Joannina, daughter of Belisarius, 741.
  • John, nephew of Vitalian, a general, in Italy, 571, 572, 574, 651, 660.
  • John of Antioch, historian, 417, 545.
  • John of Cappadocia, a financier, 444;
    • his carousing, 447;
    • his fall, 613;
    • his return, 735.
  • John, officer, murders Gubazes, 731.
  • John of Ephesus, Monophysite bishop and historian, 699, etc.
  • John, son of Theodora, 621.
  • John the Armenian, 506, 511;
    • his death, 512.
  • John Troglita, a general, 526.
  • Judges, puisne, 478.
  • Judicatum, Papal decree, 681, 685.
  • Julian, legate to Aethiopia, 410.
  • Julian, Emperor, 425, 433.
  • Julian, heresiarch, 675.
  • Julian, rebel, 695.
  • Junonia, first name of Roman Carthage, 492.
  • Justin, a general in Lazica, 728, 735.
  • Justin II, Emperor, his accession 742.
  • Justinian, Emperor, personal appearance and character, 365;
    • suppresses revolt, 467;
    • popular execration of, 486;
    • his clerical laws, 689;
    • his persecutions, 692;
    • his theological works, 702;
    • his legislation, 709, sqq.;
    • his heresy, 742;
    • his death, ibid.
  • Kavádh. See Cavades.
  • Krumbacher, editor of Byzantine literary history, 748.
  • Kvêtûk-das, Persian marriage custom, 382.
  • Lactarian Mount, 660.
  • Latin, proposed abolition of at CP., 445.
  • Lazica, war in, 594, 600, 608, 727.
  • Leo, Emperor, African expedition of, 499.
  • Leuthar. See Butilin.
  • Literature, Persian, 395;
    • Byzantine, 744.
  • Lombards invade Italy, 756.
  • Lydus, Jn., his office, 487.
  • Magdalen Asylum, 479.
  • Majorian, Emperor, 499.
  • Mandator and Demarch, dialogue between, 456.
  • Mandracium, harbour at Carthage, 493.
  • Marcus Aurelius endows Athenian schools, 424.
  • Marinus, philosopher, 430.
  • Marriages, incestuous, legal in Persia, 380;
    • Chrysostom on, 381.
  • Martin, a general, in Lazica, 729, 733.
  • Martyropolis, siege of, 412.
  • Mashita palace, 394.
  • Matasuentha, wife of Vitigis, 564;
    • her treacheries, 572, 580;
    • marries Germanus, 623.
  • Maxilloplumacius, extortioner, 446, 452.
  • Maximian, bishop, 750.
  • Mazdak, Persian heretic, 386;
    • his sect massacred, 388.
  • Mazdeism, Persian religion, 376.
  • Melchites, 689.
  • Menna, patriarch, 675.
  • Mermeroes, Persian general, 727.
  • Milan, surrender of, 573;
    • recapture of, 575.
  • Milvian bridge at Rome, 573, 643.
  • Missions to Nubia, 688;
    • to Caucasus, 700.
  • Mithra, Persian sun-god, 377.
  • Monasteries, constitution of, 691.
  • Monophysites, encouraged by Theodora, 370, 669 sqq.
  • Montanists, revolt of, 694.
  • Moors, their method of warfare, 524.
  • Mosaics, 497, 535, 538, 751.
  • Mundas, a general, 419;
  • Mutilation as punishment, 452, 480.
  • Myriangeli, Justinian's pilgrimage to, 740.
  • Nachoragan, Persian general, 728;
    • his punishment, 730.
  • Naples, sieges of, 552, 626.
  • Narses, eunuch general, at CP., 467;
    • in Italy, 574, 648, sqq.;
    • takes Rome, 658;
    • at Casilinum, 664;
    • at Alexandria, 676;
    • his death, 756.
  • Nasks, divisions of Avesta, 376.
  • Negus of Axum, embassy to, 410.
  • Neoplatonism, 425.
  • Neoplatonists in Persia, 434 sqq.
  • Neoplatonism and Christianity, 438.
  • Nestorius, heresiarch, 679.
  • Nika revolt, 459.
  • Nisibis, Persian, 395, 399, 416, 593, 600.
  • Nöldeke, his Persian researches, 374.
  • Novels of Justinian, 725.
  • Nubia, mission to, 688.
  • Numidia, pillars in, 497.
  • Nushirvan (Chosroes) 389.
  • Odovacar, barbarian king in Italy, 545.
  • Origen, Egyptian Father, 677, 701.
  • Ormuzd and Ahriman, 376.
  • Orontes, river of Antioch, 587.
  • Otter or water-dog, sacred to Persians, 379.
  • Pahlavi, old Persian, 376.
  • Palestine, religious wars in, 694, 697.
  • Palladius, rapid courier, 448.
  • Pan, Great God, death of, 431.
  • Pandects. See Digest.
  • Parthians, their conquest of the Seleucidae, 371.
  • Patria potestas, 713.
  • Patricians, 90, 714, 770.
  • Paul, Patriarch, 677.
  • Paul the Silentiary, his poem on St. Sophia, 533.
  • Peace, Perpetual, 416.
  • Pelagius, Pope, at Rome, 633, 639;
  • Pergamus, philosophy at, 425.
  • Perozes, Persian prince, his attack on Dara, 397.
  • Perpetual Edict, 716.
  • Persepolis, Persian capital, 373;
    • fired by Alexander, ibid.
  • Persian queen, a Christian (?), 415.
  • Persians, sociology of, 374 sqq.
  • Persis, home of Persian race, 372.
  • Peter Magister, ambassador in Italy, 540;
  • Petra, sieges of, 594, 601.
  • Petronius, official plundering of, 446.
  • Pharangium, a fort, 402.
  • Pharas, Gelimer's captor, 513.
  • Phasis, siege of, 728.
  • Philosophers, female, 428.
  • Philosophy, Greek, various sects of, 421, sqq.;
    • in Persia, 434.
  • Photius, son of Antonina, 607, 616;
    • his death, 741.
  • Plague in the East, 602.
  • Plato, philosopher, 421.
  • Plotinus, philosopher, 427, 430.
  • Plutarch, philosopher, 426.
  • Pompeius and Hypatius, usurpers, 460, sqq.
  • Pontus, Vicar of, restored, 486.
  • Porch, painted, 422.
  • Porphyrio, a ferocious whale, 368;
    • capture of, 643.
  • Porphyry, philosopher, 430.
  • Portus, operations at, 632, 635, 644.
  • Praetor, Edict of, 716.
  • Praetor of the people, new official, 478.
  • Pragmatic Sanction, 665.
  • Prejecta, Justinian's niece, 521, 622.
  • Proaeresius, philosopher, 426, 428.
  • Proclus, Neoplatonist, 427, sqq.
  • Procopius, historian, 503, 578;
    • his writings, 744;
    • arrests Belisarius, 748.
  • Property, church, 692.
  • Prostitution, at CP., 479;
    • of slaves forbidden, 710.
  • Provinces, changes in government of, 473 sqq.
  • Ravenna, mosaics at, 366, 367, 750;
  • Rectors of provinces, their rapacity, 449, sqq.;
    • reforms respecting, 472;
    • rewards for, 477.
  • Robespierre compared to Justinian, 366.
  • Rome, topography of, 555;
  • Rufinas, legate to Persia, 396;
    • his peace, 416.
  • Rusticiana, widow of Boethius, 639.
  • Rusticus, officer, murders Gubazes, 731.
  • St. Saba at CP., 696.
  • St. Sophia, church of, 530;
    • dilapidation of, 754.
  • Salona, taking of, 551;
    • Narses at, 649.
  • Salvian on rapacity of Rectors, 451;
    • against the Africans, 496.
  • Salvius Julianus, lawyer, 716.
  • Samaritans, revolt of, 695, 697.
  • Sandichl, Hunnish leader, 739.
  • Sanskrit, related to Zend, Erse, etc., 376.
  • Sapor, Shah, persecutes Christians, 386.
  • Sassanian dynasty of Persia, 373.
  • Seleucus and Seleucidae, successors of Alexander the Great, 371.
  • Severus, heresiarch, 675.
  • Severus, Sept., his Persian wars, 372.
  • Silk trade, 411, 483.
  • Silkworm imported into Europe, 753.
  • Silverius, Pope, 554, 569;
    • his deposition and death, 612, 673.
  • Simplicius, philosopher, 435.
  • Sisimithres, his mother-wife, 382.
  • Sittas, a general, 403, 700;
    • his death, 585.
  • Slaves, new laws in favour of, 708.
  • Slavs, irruption of, 734.
  • Socrates, philosopher, 420.
  • Spain, Byzantines in, 526.
  • Stagnum, harbour at Carthage, 493.
  • Stoa, painted, 422.
  • Stoic philosophers, 422.
  • Stotzas, revolt of, 518.
  • Strzygowski (and Forscheimer) on date of cisterns at CP., 539;
    • Byzantinische Denkmäler, 770, 771.
  • Sycae, Theodora's monastery at, 676.
  • Synesius at Athens, 426.
  • Syrianus, philosopher, 426, 432, 433.
  • Taginae, battle of, 654.
  • Tansar, his letter, 384;
    • oldest document of Mazdeism, ibid.
  • Taxes, oppressive, 445, 481;
    • in Persia, 391.
  • Teïas, Gothic general, 650;
    • elected king, 657;
    • his death, 660.
  • Theodahad, Gothic king, 547, 550;
    • his death, 554.
  • Theodebald, Frankish king, 659, sqq.
  • Theodebert, Frankish king, 576, 579, 645, 746.
  • Theodora, Empress, personal appearance and character, 367;
    • conduct during revolt, 466;
    • popular execration of, 486;
    • her intrigues, 609;
    • letters of, 608, 619;
    • her religious policy, 669, sqq.;
    • her death, 643, 689.
  • Theodore Ascidas, bishop, 677, 687.
  • Theodoric, Gothic king, 544, 755.
  • Theodosius, lover of Antonina, 603, sqq.
  • Three Chapters, controversy of, 678, sqq.
  • Tiberius, Emperor, 431, 433.
  • Tibur, capture of, 630.
  • Ticinum, the Goths at, 657, 659.
  • Tiridates, Parthian King, visits Nero, 379.
  • Totila or Baduela, Gothic king, his accession, 625;
  • Toperus, massacre at, by Slavs, 734.
  • "Towers of Silence" or Dakhmas, 378.
  • Trajan, Emperor, his conquests, 371.
  • Tribonian, a lawyer, 442;
    • his legal work, 720.
  • Tricamerum, battle of, 510.
  • Triumph at CP., 515.
  • Tyre, loses silk trade, 483.
  • Tzani, conversion of, 700;
    • their revolt, 758.
  • Tzathes, Lazic King, 732.
  • Uranius, charlatan, 436.
  • Usdrilas, Gothic general, 651.
  • Vandals, persecute Catholics, 494;
    • their character, 500.
  • Vendidâd, part of Zend-Avesta, 377, etc.
  • Vigilius, Pope, in Sicily, 632;
    • at Rome, 680;
    • at CP., 681, sqq.;
    • his death, 686.
  • Vitigis, Gothic king, 553;
    • at Rome, 566, sqq.;
    • capture of, 581;
    • his death, 623.
  • Walls, Long, 543, 737, 756.
  • Water, sacred among Persians, 378.
  • Water storage at CP., 539.
  • Whale. See Porphyrio.
  • Wife, husband and, laws as to, 719.
  • Wills, laws as to, 715, 717.
  • Women in the church, 691.
  • Xenophon, his description of Syrian desert, 405.
  • Yemen, Christianity in, 409.
  • Zabergan, Hunnish leader, 736.
  • Zaberganes, Persian minister, 608.
  • Zend, language, 376.
  • Zeno of Citium, philosopher, founder of Stoics, 422.
  • Zooras, fanatical monk, 675.
  • Zoroaster or Zarathushtra, 376;
    • Darmsteter on, ibid., sqq.;
    • Mills on, 384.