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The American Spirit in Literature: A Chronicle of Great Interpreters

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About This Book

An interpretive chronicle surveys the nation's literary development from colonial beginnings through subsequent generations, arguing that restlessness, experimentation, and a sense of transiency shaped themes and styles. It profiles early religious and civic writers alongside secularizing forces, discusses regional differences and social change, and considers how institutions and public life influenced literary production. Biographical sketches and critical readings of prominent interpreters illustrate recurring motifs of faith, enterprise, and moral uncertainty, while chapters trace the evolution of national character as expressed in poetry, prose, and public discourse.

Indian Wars, Hubbard, 39.
Indians, in literature, 37-40; Thoreau's notes on, 136.
Innocents Abroad, Clemens, 237, 239.
Irving, Washington, 89, 90-95.
Israfel, Poe, 189, 192.


J

Jackson, Andrew, 5.
Jackson, Helen Hunt, 248.
James, Henry, 250, 251-255.
Jay, John, 65.
Jefferson, Thomas, 79-85, 265.
Jesuits in North America, The, Parkman, 185.
Jewett, Sarah Orne, 249, 250.
John of Barneveld, Life and Death of, Motley, 181.
Johnson, Edward, Captain, 38.
Joshua Whitcomb, Thompson, 248.
Journal, Emerson, 122, 125, 127, 235.
Journal, Thoreau, 134, 135.
Journal, Woolman, 69.
Journal and Correspondence, Longfellow, 216.
Journalism, in the colonies, 60-62; in 20th century, 263-264.


K

Kemble, Fanny, 245-246.
Kennedy, J. P., 245.
King, Grace, 247.
King, Starr, 262.
King Philip's War, 39-40.
King's College (Columbia), 62.
Knickerbocker group of writers, 89; works by, 270.


L

Languishing Commonwealth, Walley, 41.
Lanier, Sidney, 255-256.
La Salle, Parkman, 185.
Last Leaf, The, Holmes, 166.
Last of the Mohicans, The, Cooper, 89, 98, 99.
Leather-Stocking Tales, Cooper, 97-99.
Leaves of Grass, Whitman, 197, 200, 202-203.
Letters, Motley, 181.
Letters from an American Farmer, Crèvecœur, 60, 68.
Liberator, The, 137, 217, 218.
Library of American Biography, 176.
Life on the Mississippi, Clemens, 237.
Ligeia, Poe, 193.
Lincoln, Abraham, recognizes uncertainty in the nation, 2; would have approved Winthrop, 29; address at Cooper Union (1860), 104-105; quoted, 155; as a writer of liberty, 208; character and writings, 226-233; typically American, 265.
Lionel Lincoln, Cooper, 98.
Literati, Pope, 107.
Little Women, Alcott, 140.
London, Jack, 243-244.
London in 1724, 54-56.
Longfellow, H. W., in 1826, 89; attitude toward Transcendentalism, 143; life and writings, 152-157; died (1882), 255; disparagement of, 267.
Longstreet, A. B., 245.
Louisiana Purchase, 88.
Lowell, J. R., in 1826, 90; attitude toward Transcendentalism, 143; life and writings, 168-174; died (1891), 255; typically American, 265.
Luck of Roaring Camp, The, Harte, 241.
Lyceum system, 175.


M

McFingal, Trumbull, 69.
Magazines, in colonies, 60-61; in 20th century, 263-264.
Magnalia Christi Americana, Mather, 46, 47.
Maidenhood, Longfellow, 156.
Man Who Corrupted Hadleyburg, The, Clemens, 238.
Man Without a Country, Hale, 224.
Marble Faun, The, Hawthorne, 146, 151.
Marshes of Glynn, The, Lanier, 255.
Martin Chuzzlewit, Dickens, 87.
Mason, John, Captain, 38.
Massachusetts to Virginia, Whittier, 160.
Mather, Cotton, 43, 45-48; diary, 46-47.
Mather, Increase, 43.
Maud Muller, Whittier, 5-6.
Memorial Odes, Lowell, 172.
Miller, C. H. (Joaquin), 244.
Minister's Black Veil, The, Hawthorne, 30.
Minister's Wooing, The, Stowe, 223.
Modern Instance, A, Howells, 251.
Montcalm and Wolfe, Parkman, 185.
Moody, W. V., 257.
Morituri Salutamus, Longfellow, 156.
Morris, G. P., 107.
Mosses from an Old Manse, Hawthorne, 145.
Motley, J. L., 143-144, 176, 180-182.
Muir, John, 244-245.
Murders in the Rue Morgue, The, Poe, 194.
Murfree, Mary N. (C. E. Craddock), 247.
My Garden Acquaintance, Lowell, 174.
My Literary Friends and Acquaintances, Howells, 251.
My Literary Passions, Howells, 250.
My Lost Youth, Longfellow, 156.
My Mark Twain, Howells, 251.
My Psalm, Whittier, 160.
My Study Windows, Lowell, 170.
Mysterious Stranger, The, Clemens, 238.


N

National Gazette, 71.
National Literature, Channing, 112.
National Ode, Taylor, 255.
Nature, Emerson, 123, 128, 131.
Nature-writing, 262.
Netherlands, History of the United, Motley, 181.
New England, a digression from English society, 14; at the beginning of 18th century, 43-44; characteristics of the people of, 109-111; in last quarter of 19th century, 248 et seq.
New England, History of, Winthrop, 28-29.
New England Courant, 61.
New National period in American literature, 234 et seq.; bibliography, 272.
New York at beginning of 18th century, 44.
New York Tribune, 140, 218.
Newburyport Free Press, 90, 159.
Newspapers, in colonies, 60-61; in 20th century, 263-264.
North American Review, 88, 103, 104, 112, 170.
North Carolina in 1724, 44.
North of Boston, Frost, 261.
Norwood, Colonel, 27.


O

Oakes, Urian, 41.
Old Creole Days, Cable, 246.
Old Homestead, The, Thompson, 248.
Old Ironsides, Holmes, 166.
Old Manse, 119, 120, 145.
Old Régime, The, Parkman, 185.
Old Swimmin' Hole, The, Riley, 247.
Oldtown Fireside Stories, Stowe, 223.
Oldtown Folks, Stowe, 223.
Olmsted, F. L., 246.
On a Certain Condescension in Foreigners, Lowell, 174.
Oratory in America, 208 et seq.
Oregon Trail, The, Parkman, 184.
Otis, James, 72, 73.
Our Hundred Days, Holmes, 168.
Outcast of Poker Flat, The, Harte, 242.
Outre-mer, Longfellow, 152.
Overland Monthly, 240.


P

Page, T.  N., 246, 247.
Paine, Thomas, 74-76.
Parker, Theodore, 115, 119, 141, 209.
Parkman, Francis, 143-144, 176, 182-186.
Passage to India, Whitman, 204.
Passionate Pilgrim, A, James, 253.
Pathfinder, The, Cooper, 99.
Pattee, F. L., 236.
Paul Revere's Ride, Longfellow, 155.
Paulding, J. K., 107.
Payne, J. H., 107.
Pennsylvania, University of, 62.
Pennsylvania Gazette, 62.
Pennsylvania Magazine, 74.
Pequot War (1637), 38-39.
Percy, George, 27, 38.
Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart, 249.
Philip II, History of the Reign of, Prescott, 179.
Phillips, Wendell, 208, 215-216.
Picture of New York, Mitchill, 90.
Pilot, The, Cooper, 98.
Pioneers, O Pioneers, Whitman, 204.
Pioneers, The, Cooper, 97-98, 99.
Pioneers of France, The, Parkman, 185.
Pirate, The, Scot, 98.
Plymouth Plantation, History of, Bradford, 28-29.
Poe, E. A., "literature of escape," 8; in 1826, 89; in New York, 108; life and writings, 187-196.
Poet at the Breakfast Table, The, Holmes, 168.
Poetry, Revolutionary verse, 69-72; of freedom, 223 et seq.; of the 20th century, 260-261.
Poets and Poetry of America, Griswold, 107.
Poor Richard, Franklin, 20, 57.
Pory, John, 27.
Prairie, The, Cooper, 98, 99.
Precaution, Cooper, 97.
Prescott, W. H., 89, 143-144, 176, 178-180.
Present Crisis, The, Lowell, 172.
Prince of Parthia, The, 260.
Professor at the Breakfast Table, The, Holmes, 168.
Psalm of Life, The, Longfellow, 156.
Psalm of the West, Lanier, 255.
Publick Occurrences, 60.
Puritans, The, 34-35.
Purloined Letter, The, Poe, 193.


Q

Quarterly, The, 88.


R

Rainy Day, The, Longfellow, 156.
Ramona, Jackson, 248.
Ramoth Hill, Whittier, 138.
Raven, The, Poe, 192.
Read, T. B., 225.
Reality of Spiritual Life, The, Edwards, 50.
Reaper and the Flowers, The, Longfellow, 153.
Red Rover, The, Cooper, 98.
Religious freedom in the colonies, 16.
René, Châteaubriand, 96.
Repplier, Agnes, 262.
Revolution, influence upon literature, 66 et seq.; bibliography, 270.
Rights of Man, The, Paine, 75.
Riley, J. W., 247, 257-259.
Ripley, George, 141.
Rise of Silas Lapham, The, Howells, 251.
Rise of the Dutch Republic, Motley, 180.
Rivulet, The, Bryant, 106.
Robinson, John, 11.
Roderick Hudson, James, 253.
Rolfe, John, 38.
Romanticism in American literature, 187 et seq. Roosevelt, Theodore, 243.
Roughing It, Clemens, 10, 237.
Rowlandson, Mary, 39.
Rules for Reducing a Great Empire to a Small One, Franklin, 58.
Russell, Irwin, 246.


S

Salem "witchcraft," 43.
Salmagundi Papers, Irving and Paulding, 91.
Sanborn, F. B., 142.
Sandys, George, 27.
Scarlet Letter, The, Hawthorne, 7, 30, 145, 146, 148, 149-150.
School-Days, Whittier, 158.
Scott, Sir Walter, 95.
Scribner's Monthly, 256.
Scudder, Horace, 169.
Seaweed, Longfellow, 156.
Sewell, Samuel, Judge, 47-48.
Shepard, Thomas, 16, 31-32.
Short story, the, 261-262.
Sill, E. R., 257.
Simms, W. G., 245, 246.
Simple Cobbler of Agawam, The, Ward, 37.
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards, 50.
Skeleton in Armor, The, Longfellow, 155.
Sketch Book, Irving, 89, 91.
Skipper Ireson's Ride, Whittier, 161.
Slavery, influence on literature, 207 et seq. Slavery in Massachusetts, Thoreau, 137.
Smith, F. H., 247.
Smith, John, 8-10, 20, 38.
Smith, Sydney, quoted, 88-89.
Snow-Bound, Whittier, 158, 161-162.
Snow-Image and Other Tales, The, Hawthorne, 145.
Songs of Labor, Whittier, 161.
South Carolina in 1724, 44.
South, The, in American literature, 245 et seq. Sparks, Jared, 176.
Spofford, Harriet Prescott, 249.
Spoon River Anthology, Masters, 261.
Spy, The, Cooper, 89, 97, 98.
Stamp Act (1765), 59.
Star-Spangled Banner, The, Key, 107, 225.
Stedman, E. C., 225, 256.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 219-223, 249.
Strachey, William, 26, 38.
Summary View of the Rights of British America, A, Jefferson, 80.
Sumner, Charles, 216.
Sunthin' in the Pastoral Line, Lowell, 174.


T