A.
- Abyssinia, Christianity of, 67.
- Achaia, dealings of Rome with, 218.
- Ælfred, his view of early Greek history, 18.
- Africa, Saracen conquest of, 133.
- Agamemnôn, his imperial position, 18, 19.
- Agathoklês, two sides of, 33.
- Akarnania, its position in Homeric times, 19;
- becomes Greek, 24.
- Akragas, its time of greatness, 25.
- Ἀλαμανῶν ῥήξ, title of, 107.
- Alans, their history and settlement, 87, 88; 122.
- Alaric, his career, 78.
- Albanians, their origin, 119.
- Ἀλβανοί, opposed to Ῥωμαῖοι, 141.
- Alexander, founder of the modern Greek nation, 16;
- Alexander of Epeiros, 17;
- his designs, 34.
- Alexandria, its relation to older Greek cities, 23.
- Alexios Komnênos, compared with Henry the Fourth, 162.
- Allies, Roman, their relations to Rome, 82, 83; 218-220;
- Ambrakia, its beginnings, 24.
- Amisos, dealings of Trajan and Pliny with, 237, 238.
- Amphiktyonic Council, nullity of, 178, 179;
- its reform by Augustus, 225.
- Andorra, relations of, 217.
- Angles, first mentioned, 64.
- Antalkidas, Peace of, 28.
- Antioch, its relation to older Greek cities, 23.
- Antoninus Caracalla, effects of his edict, 42.
- Apameia, dealings of Trajan and Pliny with, 236, 237.
- Aquæ Sextiæ, battle of, 44; 60.
- Aquitaine, position of cities in, 192;
- Arles, capital of Southern Gaul, 85.
- Arminius, his historic position, 64.
- Arnold, Thomas, point chosen by for the ending of his History, 104.
- Asia Minor, its historic position, 19.
- Athens, her history mistaken for that of Greece, 21;
- Aurelian, his dealings with the Goths, 77.
- Austria, the Frankish, effect of the rise of its Mayors, 91.
- Austrian Emperors, their relations to the Popes, 183.
- Austrian Empire, 151-152.
- Avignon, Popes at, 157.
B.
- Bajazet, Keiser of Roum, 145.
- Barbarians, conversion of, 67.
- Basil the Macedonian, his controversy with Lewis the Second, 108.
- Basil the Second, Emperor, 132, 133.
- Βασιλεύς, title of, 108.
- Basques, Iberian elements preserved by, 93.
- Belisarius, Roman consul, 125.
- Beneventum, battle of, 45.
- Bithynia, different position of its cities under Trajan, 233-238.
- Britain, Roman influence in, 94;
- Buonaparte, Napoleon, his position and objects, 149-151.
- Burgundians, their settlement in Gaul, 89; 123.
- Burgundy, position of cities in, 191, 192;
- Byzantine, use of the name, 129.
C.
- Cæsar, his work in Gaul, 61, 65.
- Capitular elections, their analogy with Greek cities, 228.
- Carthage, her beginnings, 24;
- Catalaunian Fields, battle of, 44.
- Catalogue, the Homeric, its historic value, 18-20.
- Charles Martel, his defeat of the Saracens, 134.
- Charles the Great, effect of his coronation, 104;
- Charles the Fourth, Emperor, his coronations, 147.
- Charles the Fifth, last Imperator, 138;
- Charles the Sixth, Emperor, 152.
- Cherson, its beginnings, 24;
- Chlodowig, unites the Frankish kingdoms, 189.
- Christianity, its relation to the Roman power, 67-69;
- its special rivalry with Mahometanism, 133.
- Cities, answer to nations, 177, 178; 183;
- Civilis, compared with Buonaparte, 151.
- Clermont, Council of, 162.
- Colonies, Greek, 14;
- Condominium, survival of, 211.
- Conquest, Roman and Teutonic compared, 85.
- Constance, Peace of, compared with that of Westfalia, 139.
- Constantine the Great, his changes at Rome, 74;
- his foundation of Constantinople, ib.
- Constantine Palaiologos, his death, 170;
- compared with Leopold the First, 171.
- Constantinople, its various names, 74;
- Convocation, English, its analogy with Greek cities, 227, 228.
- Crete, mention of in Homer, 19.
- Crusade, First, 161, 162.
- Crusade, Fourth, 164, 165.
- Cyprus, rivalry of Greek and Phœnician in, 24;
D.
- Dacia, its conquest and cession, 77.
- Dante, his doctrine of the Empire, 68;
- his theory carried out in the East, 159.
- Departments, French, their position, 210.
- Diocletian, his changes, 73, 74; 86.
- Diôn Chrysostom, his account of contemporary Greek commonwealths, 225-234;
- Dionysios, two sides of, 33.
- Diplomacy, in the third century B.C., 37.
E.
- East, growth of native powers in, in the first and second centuries B.C., 65.
- Eastern Emperors, their religious character, 159.
- Eastern Empire, in what sense Greek, 112-120;
- Eastern Question, eternal, 5.
- Egypt, early Greek knowledge of, 20;
- Eleventh Century A.D., its history, 135.
- Ἕλλην, use of the name, 112; 140.
- Empereur d’Allemagne et d’Autriche, title of, 149.
- Empereur des Français, title of, 149.
- Emperor, various uses of the name, 144.
- Emperor of the East, title of, 143, 144.
- Emperors, joint reign of several, 75;
- Empire, vague uses of the word, 155.
- Empire, Eastern, see Eastern Empire.
- Empire, Roman, see Roman Empire.
- Empire, Western, see Western Empire.
- Empires, various Greek, in the fourteenth century, 143, 144.
- England, its steps towards union, 188.
- Epeiros, its relations to Greece, 13, 14; 25;
- Erbkaiser von Oesterreich, title of, 151.
- Euboia, account of by Diôn Chrysostom, 231.
- Europe, three marked periods in its history, 4;
F.
- Federal States, examples of in the third century B.C., 36.
- Federations, their long survivals in Greece, 225.
- Fifth Century A.D., its character and relation to earlier times, 79;
- Fifth Century B.C., a time of Greek decline, 21;
- Finlay, George, his view of the fifth century B.C., 21.
- France, formation of, 91, 92;
- France, Duchy of, its dismemberment, 190.
- Francia, name of, 89;
- divisions of, 91.
- Frankfurt, its commonwealth suppressed, 202.
- Franks, their appearance in Gaul, 78;
- Frederick the Second, Emperor, his crusade, 163;
- effects of his treatment by the Popes, ib.
- Frederick the Third, Emperor, 138; 147.
- Free Cities, hindrances to national growth, 193.
- French Empire, 149-151.
- French language, its formation, 190.
- French nation, its origin, 91, 92;
G.
- Gascons, see Basques.
- Gaul, Cisalpine, Roman conquest of, 49;
- Gauls, their relation to Rome, 86;
- their adoption of the Roman name, 87.
- Gela, its time of greatness, 25.
- George Maniakês, his recovery of Syracuse, 135.
- German, use of the name, 113.
- German Empire, 153.
- Germans, their invasions, 77;
- their relation to the Empire, ib.
- Germany, its connexion with the Western Empire, 147;
- Ghibelline theory, carried out in the East, 159.
- Gibbon, Edward, extent of his history, 75.
- Gothia, name of, 88.
- Goths, their dealings with the Empire, 77-79;
- Græci, use of the name, 112.
- Gratian, refuses the Pagan pontificate, 155.
- Greece, its geographical character, 6;
- its historic calling, 7;
- its connexion with other Aryan lands, 7, 8;
- its influence compared with that of Rome, 8-10;
- its position towards the East, 11, 12;
- its relations to Rome, 15;
- various forms of its influence, 16;
- its geographical boundary, 17;
- two main periods of its influence, 21, 22;
- its decline in the fourth century B.C., 32;
- its influence in East and West, 34;
- relations of Rome to, after the first Macedonian war, 54, 55;
- its influence extended by Rome, 92, 93;
- international law in its oldest times, 178;
- in Macedonian times, 179;
- highest developement of cities in, 186;
- survival of Federal systems in, 225;
- its position under Trajan, 229.
- Greece, Greater, 14;
- Greek, use of the name, 113;
- Greek cities, their position under the Roman Empire, 239;
- Greek language, its history in the Eastern Empire, 115-117.
- Greek nation, modern, its origin, 16.
- Greek studies, their value, 9, 10.
- Greeks, their relations to other nations, 13;
- Gregory the Great, his letter to Phocas, 125; 158.
- Gregory the Seventh, his career and death, 156, 157.
H.
- Hadriatic Sea, Western boundary of permanent Greek life, 17.
- Hamilkar, his exploits and those of his House, 48.
- Hannibal, his character and historic position, 50-53.
- Hannibalian war, its character, 50-52.
- Hansa, its growth, 201;
- Henry the Fourth, Emperor, his position at the time of the First Crusade, 162.
- Henry the Seventh, Emperor, 132; 147.
- Heraclius, his exploits, 129; 133.
- Herodotus, his clear view of history, 18; 21.
- Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, 95; 111; 112.
- Homer, his historic witness, 18-20.
I.
- Imperator and Imperator electus, 111.
- Imperial power, its original nature, 69;
- Innocent the Third, his relation to the Fourth Crusade, 165.
- International law, times of its importance, 177-180;
- Italy, relations of its nations to the Greek cities, 31;
- help for its cities sought in Greece, 32-34;
- how affected by the Teutonic invasions, 90, 91;
- its position under Theodoric, 97, 98;
- reconquered by the Empire, 98;
- divided between the Empire and the Lombards, ib.;
- southern part remains Greek, ib.;
- developement of cities in, 186;
- its disunion, 189; 193;
- position of cities in, 191;
- its reunion, 193-195;
- its drawbacks, 194.
- Janissaries, 167.
- Jerusalem, recovered by Frederick the Second, 163.
- Jews, revival of their power under the Maccabees, 66;
- their mission in the world, ib.
- John Sobieski, Vienna delivered by, 171.
- Joseph the Second, Emperor, 152.
- Justinian, closes the University of Athens, 85;
K.
- Kingship, various forms of in the Polybian age, 36.
- Korkyra, its position in Homeric times, 20;
- becomes Greek, 24.
- Kyrênê, colonization of, 24.
L.
- Latin language, its history in the Eastern Empire, 114-117.
- Λατῖνοι, opposed to Ῥωμαῖοι, 141.
- Lectures, scheme of, 204-206;
- given in America, 205.
- Leo the Isaurian, beats back the Saracens, 134.
- Leopold the First, Emperor, compared with Constantine Palaiologos, 171.
- Lesbos, mention of in Homer, 19.
- Lewis the Second, Emperor, his controversy with Basil the Macedonian, 108;
- Lignitz, defeat of the Mongols at, 161.
- Lübeck, its coinage, 202.
- Lykia, League of, 37;
M.
- Macedonia, its relations to Greece, 14.
- Macedonian Conquests, effects of, 14, 15.
- Macedonian Emperors, their work, 132, 133.
- Macedonian Wars, character of the First, 51, 52.
- Magyars, effects of their settlement and conversion, 94.
- Mahomet the Second, his European position, 167.
- Mahometan history, its date, 11.
- Mahometanism, its special rivalry with Christianity, 133.
- Marcus, his reign, 76.
- Maria Theresa, 152.
- Marius, Gaius, his work, 60.
- Massalia, its time of greatness, 25;
- its two republican periods, 192.
- Maximilian, Imperator electus, 138;
- his tomb, 147.
- Merwings, end of, 158.
- Milêtos, mention of in Homer, 19.
- Mogul Empire, 150.
- Mykênê, Empire of, 18.
N.
- Nations, answer to cities, 177, 178; 183;
- Nikaia, Sultans of, 135, 144, 145;
- Nikêphoros, Emperor, acknowledges the claim of Charles the Great, 108.
- Nikomêdeia, its position under Trajan, 234, 235.
- Normandy, settlement of, 190.
O.
- Odowakar, his position and history, 96.
- Odysseus, his relation to his overlord, 18.
- Olbia, Diôn Chrysostom’s account of, 231.
- Olympiad, First, a starting-point, 10, 11.
- Otto the Great, Emperor, 131.
- Otto the Third, Emperor, 131.
- Ottoman Turks, their advance in Asia and Europe, 165-168.
P.
- Palaiologoi, their Empire a survival of the old Empire, 142;
- their recovery of Peloponnêsos, ib.
- Panormos, Phœnician colony, 24.
- Paris, the centre of France, 191.
- Parthia, Greek influence on, 15;
- its relations to Rome, 62.
- Patricians, Teutonic, 105.
- Peloponnêsos, recovered by the Palaiologoi, 142.
- Pergamon, the model kingdom, 37;
- Persia, its historic position, 27-29;
- Persian Wars, their nature, 21.
- Philip, how looked on at Megalopolis, 32.
- Philip the Fifth, his failure to help Hannibal, 51, 54.
- Phœnicia, its history and relation to Greece, 12; 20;
- Physical inventions, their political effect, 183-185.
- Pippin, Patrician, 105;
- Pliny, his correspondence with Trajan, 225, 226; 233-239;
- Plutarch, his account of contemporary Greek commonwealths, 225-230;
- Poland, Vienna delivered by, 171;
- share of the House of Austria in its partition, 172.
- Polybios, preserves the non-Athenian tradition of Philip, 32;
- Pompeius Gnæus, his work in the East, 61.
- Pontius Telesinus, 61.
- Pontos, Greek influence on, 15.
- Popes, a survival of the Empire, 155;
- Pragmatic Sanction, 152.
- Pressburg, Treaty of, 149.
- Protected states, their position, 224.
- Provence, its commonwealth, 192.
- Provinces, slow annexation of, 72, 73;
- Prusa, speech of Diôn Chrysostom at, 232.
- Punic Wars, an episode in European history, 49, 50.
- Pyrrhos, his Hellenic position, 14; 17;