INDEX.
- Abolition, effect of low prices of cotton in promoting, i., 201; extent of the agitation to remote districts, ii., 37; abolitionist sentiments of a slaveowner in Mississippi, 98; feeling in favour of, in North Carolina, 131.
- Abolitionists, danger of poor whites becoming, ii., 357; literature of, 358.
- Advantage (supposed) of slave-labour in cultivating cotton and tobacco, ii., 252.
- Advertisements for runaway negroes, i., 157; of slaves for sale, ii., 22.
- Acadians, or poor French habitans in Louisiana, i., 338; ii., 33.
- Adams, Governor, on the want of education for the poor, ii., 293.
- African races, character of, compared with the Teutonic, ii., 221.
- Agriculture, scientific, on a farm on James River, i., 52; wretched implements used in North Carolina, 172; successful cultivation of the sugar-cane, 322; on a Mississippi plantation, ii., 201; decay of, in Virginia, 303; in Slave and Free States, 367.
- Alabama, appearance of the country, i., 274; “reasons” for making Montgomery the capital, ii., 112; women getting out iron ore, 115; picture of decay by one of her statesmen, 297.
- Alabama River, voyage down the, i., 275; number of so-called landings, 275; mode of loading cotton, 275; Irishmen cheaper than niggers, 276.
- Albemarle, proportion of slaves to whites, i., 116.
- Alexandria (Louisiana), yellow fever at, i., 357; unenviable reputation of, 357.
- Alligators, ii., 24; dangers of their holes, 29.
- Amalgamation, i., 307.
- Americans in Texas, ii., 101.
- ‘American Agriculturist,’ quoted, i., 116.
- Annexation of Cuba, its effect on the sugar manufacture of Louisiana, ii., 50; on the African slave-trade, 51.
- Apparatus used in sugar manufacture, i., 329.
- Aptness of negroes for learning, ii., 70; for mechanical occupations, 78.
- Association of whites with coloured people, i., 168, 169, note; the quadroon society of New Orleans, 305.
- Aristocrats, “swell heads,” of Mississippi, ii., 156, 166.
- Auction, sale of slaves by, at Richmond, i., 50; ii., 372.
- Aversion to labour, difficulty in overcoming the negro’s, ii., 192.
- Bacon raising, ii., 176.
- Bals masqués at New Orleans, i., 304.
- Barton, Dr., on the advantages of slavery, ii., 277, note.
- Bee-hunting, ii., 117.
- Big woods, ii., 29.
- Bill of fare of an hotel at Memphis, ii., 57.
- Blacksmith, an independent, ii., 8.
- Boarding-house at Washington, i., 28.
- Boat-songs of the negroes on the steamboats, i., 347.
- Books, dangerous, ii., 358.
- Brazos bottoms, cotton plantations on the, i., 14.
- Breeding slaves for sale in Virginia, i., 57; early period at which they have children, ii., 80.
- Brooks, P. S., ii., 348.
- Burning alive of a negro in Eastern Tennessee, ii., 349, 351; frequency of such cases, 354.
- Calcasieu River (Texas), ii., 30.
- Canada, running of slaves into, ii., 362; loss to the South by, 362.
- Cape Fear River, a type of the navigable streams of the cotton States, i., 191; passage from Fayetteville to Wilmington, 191; panic of a steamer’s crew, 192; taking in wood, 193; description of the passengers, 194; features of the river-banks, 196.
- Capital transferred, ii., 299; with Northern men, 301.
- Carolina, North, fisheries, i., 149; desolate aspect of the country, 171; want of means of communication, 181; degraded condition of white labourers, 188; general ignorance and torpidity of the people, 190; their causes, 190; aspect of slavery more favourable than in Virginia, 191; cultivation of forage crops neglected, 200; wages of labourers, ii., 132.
- Carolina, South, appearance of the country, i., 204, 215; thinly peopled, 206; log cabins, 206; negro-quarters, 207; repulsive appearance of field-hands, 208; conversation with an elderly countryman in, 217; his ignorance and good-nature, 218, 221; conduct of two negro-girls, 222; plantations, 233; negro settlements, 233, 237.
- Cartwright, Dr., on the peculiar diseases of negroes, i., 122.
- Carts, primitive style of, in Georgia, i., 231.
- Cavaliers, English, Virginia partly colonized by, ii., 335.
- Cemeteries, negro, i., 224.
- ‘Chambers’ Journal,’ on the Virginia slave-trade, ii., 372.
- Character, difference of, in North and South, how accounted for, ii., 332, et seq.
- ‘Charleston Mercury,’ quoted, ii., 362.
- ‘Charleston Standard,’ the, on dishonest trading with slaves, i., 253.
- Charleston (S. C.), average mortality of whites and negroes at, ii., 259.
- Chastity of so-called pious slaves, ii., 226.
- Children, bad effects on, from intercourse with slaves, i., 222.
- Christmas holidays of the negroes, i., 97; serenade in San Augustin, 375; presents to slaves, ii., 180.
- Church edifices, value of, in Georgia, ii., 388.
- Churches of coloured people in Washington, i., 36; description of a religious service in New Orleans, 308.
- Claiborne (Alabama), curious mode of loading cotton at, i., 275.
- Clay, Mr. Cassius, ii., 281.
- Climate of cotton lands, reckoned unsuitable for white labourers, ii., 256.
- Clothing of slaves, i., 46, 105; ii., 200; fondness for finery, 201.
- Coal, beds of, in Virginia, i., 55; extensive fields of, ii., 365.
- Coloured Church members, statistics of, ii., 222; hollowness of their professions, 225.
- Columbus (Georgia), i., 273; extensive manufactures, 274; frequent distress of white labourers, 274; wretched hotel accommodation, 274.
- Conspiracy to overawe the North, i., 6.
- Comparison of the moral and social condition of the negro, in Slave and Free States, ii., 238.
- Corporeal punishment, severe instance of, witnessed, ii., 205.
- Cottage in Louisiana, a night spent in, ii., 38; superior manners of the inmates, 39.
- Cotton, fallacies with respect to its influence, i., 5; the monopoly not beneficial to the Slave States, 8; neglected resources of the so-called cotton States, 12; profitable cultivation, 15; number of slaves engaged in cotton culture, 17; profits of large and small planters, 18; limited area devoted to its growth, 24; effect of low prices on abolition, 201; reckless loading on steamboats, 275; chiefly produced in the valley of the Mississippi, 342; expense of raising, ii., 182; planting and tillage the chief items, 253; advantages of free labour, 262, 268; possibility of greatly increasing the cotton supply, 269.
- ‘Cotton Planter,’ the, extract from, ii., 186.
- Cotton-planters, general characteristics of, i., 18, 276, 343; their want of the comforts of civilized life, 19, 137; their hospitality generally a matter of business, ii., 95; sudden acquisition of wealth by, 158.
- Counties of Georgia, statistics of, ii., 385.
- “Crackers” of Georgia, religious service among the, i., 265; at Columbus, 275.
- Creoles, French, i., 338; ii., 33; their passion for gambling, 45; general character and mode of life, 46.
- Crockett (Eastern Texas), scarcity of provisions at, ii., 2.
- Cruelty of negro slaveholders, i., 336.
- Cuba, emancipation law of, i., 257; probable effect of its annexation on sugar-planting in Louisiana, ii., 50.
- ‘Daily News, the London,’ extracts from, ii., 189, 190; letter in, 322.
- Dancing, fondness of negroes for, ii., 72.
- Danger of the South, ii., 338.
- Darby, Mr., on the effects of climate, ii., 257.
- De Bow, Mr., his ‘Compendium of the Census,’ quoted, i., 19, 20, 24; his ‘Review,’ quoted, on the valley of the Mississippi, ii., 63; on the want of education, 293; ‘Resources of the South,’ 182, 227, 265, 310; his charges against the author, 311; on negro capacity, 345; on abolitionist books, 360.
- Deep River, extensive fisheries, i., 149; mode of fishing described, 150; expenditure of gunpowder, 151; removal of stumps of trees from the bottom, 151; mode of operation, 151; negro divers, 152; cheerful and willing to work, 153.
- Deer, ingenious mode of killing, ii., 197.
- Deserted plantations in Texas, ii., 1.
- Diseases peculiar to negroes, i., 122; malaria, 235; yellow fever, 259; ii., 260.
- Dismal Swamp, i., 144; importance of the lumber trade, 144; character and mode of life of slaves employed as lumbermen, 146; their superiority over field-hands generally, 148; a refuge for runaway negroes, 155.
- Distances, discrepancies in estimating, ii., 31.
- Distress, in 1855, in New York, ii., 243; in the Southern States, 248.
- Divers, skill and perseverance of slaves employed as, i., 151.
- Dogs used for hunting negroes, i., 156; ii., 120, 122, 178, 184.
- Domestic servants, their great value in the South, i., 125; their cost in proportion to white domestics, 125; a Southern lady’s description of her household, 126; their carelessness, 131; in Eastern Texas, ii., 12; indifference to scolding, 93.
- Douglas, Mrs., on Amalgamation, i., 307.
- Drapetomania, a disease peculiar to negroes, i., 122.
- Drivers, selection of, i., 249; their qualifications and duties, 249; their general character, 250.
- “Driving,” i., 135; ii., 178, 201.
- Duel, savage conduct and termination of, ii., 231.
- Dutch-French farmer, conversation with a, ii., 39.
- Dysæsthesia Æthiopica, a disease peculiar to negroes, i., 122.
- Economy, political, of Virginia, i., 108.
- Eggs, negroes well supplied with, i., 103, 281; a circulating medium, 254.
- Education, want of provision for, in the South, ii., 292.
- Educational projects in Mississippi, ii., 156; statistics of Northern and Southern States, 331.
- Ellison, Mr., on ‘Slavery and Secession,’ i., 58, note.
- Engineers, slaves employed as, i., 240.
- English mechanic at New Orleans, conversation with, i., 296.
- Enlightenment of Christianized Africans, specimens of the, ii., 89, 225; a “pious” negro, 89.
- Epidemic of 1820, in the Southern States, i., 258; admirable conduct of the slaves, 259.
- Epitaphs in negro burial-ground, i., 226.
- Excitement of blacks, at their religious meetings, i., 259, 309.
- Extravagance and wastefulness of the blacks, i., 98.
- “Eyebreaker,” black gnat so called, its attacks on cattle, ii., 41.
- False assertion of the superior material condition of Southern slaves to that of Northern and European labourers, ii., 242.
- Famine of 1855, its effect in New York, ii., 243; extracts from Southern newspapers during, 248; how felt in the Slave States, 248.
- Farm, in Maryland, described, i., 32; on James River, 52; description of a, cultivated by free labour, 92; employment of Irishmen, 95.
- Farm-lands, comparative value in Slave and Free States, i., 11, 35, 114.
- Farmer, conversation with a free-labour, in Tennessee, on slavery, ii., 140.
- “Fast man” in Mississippi, ii., 154.
- February weather in Georgia, i., 227.
- Feliciana, beauty of the region, ii., 143.
- Field-hands on a rice plantation, classification of, i., 246.
- Filthiness of negroes, ii., 200.
- Fires in the open air, negro fondness for, i., 215.
- Fisheries in North Carolina, i., 149; interesting and novel operations, 150.
- Fleas, mode of destroying by an ingenious negro, i., 104, note.
- Food, supplied to the slaves in Virginia, i., 101; on a Georgia rice plantation, 244; on a Mississippi plantation, ii., 179, 195; generally in the South, 240, 241.
- Frambœsia, or Yaws, slaves peculiarly subject to, i., 123.
- Free Labour, plantation in Virginia cultivated by, i., 92.
- Fruit-trees, supplied by a peddler, ii., 74.
- Funeral, negro, in Richmond, i., 43; ludicrous features of, 44.
- ‘General Gabriel’s’ rebellion, i., 42.
- Georgia, winter climate of, i., 227; “show plantations,” 230; strange appearance and language of the rustics, 231; statistics of seaboard district of, ii., 295, 385; worn-out cotton lands, 296.
- Germans, their patient industry and docility as labourers, i., 33, 195; in Eastern Texas, ii., 19; in Western Texas, 96; immigration to Texas, 102; their influence, 102; schools, 103; conversation with a persevering German, 164; at Natchez, 171; superior quality of the cotton picked by, 263; cultivation of cotton by, in Texas, 266.
- Glue-manufacturer, his reasons for employing whites, i., 194.
- Grades of coloured people, i., 294.
- Graniteville Manufacturing Company, of South Carolina, improvement in the condition of their operatives, ii., 286.
- Grave-yard for negroes, i., 224.
- Gregg, Mr. W. H., quoted, ii., 286, 287, 301.
- Griscom, Mr. T. R., on slave labour, i., 133, 135.
- Grog-shops, their evil effects on the slaves, i., 251; homicide of a negro, 253, note.
- Guano, the Hon. W. Newton on the beneficial effects resulting from its introduction, i., 101.
- Hammond, Governor, on the influence of cotton, i., 7; on slavery, ii., 228.
- Handbill of a North Carolina innkeeper, i., 163.
- Harper, Chancellor, on the tendency of slavery to elevate the female character, i., 222; his ‘Address,’ quoted, ii., 278.
- ‘Harper’s Weekly,’ quoted, ii., 158.
- ‘Hernando Advance,’ quoted ii., 147.
- Highlands, feelings of inhabitants of, with regard to slavery, ii., 129, 131, 135; their dislike of negro competition, 137; their manners and phraseology, 137; general ignorance, 138.
- Hiring a saddle-horse, i., 61; lucid directions for an intricate journey, 62.
- Hogs, raising of, ii., 176; large plantations not suited to, 177.
- Homochitto ferry, ii., 164.
- Honesty, instances of, among slaves, i., 148, 259; ii., 213, note.
- Horses in Natchez, ii., 167; objections of a Texas drover to “iron on their feet,” 54.
- Hospitality, reputation of the South for, generally unwarranted, ii., 282; instances of its refusal, 315.
- Hotels, at Washington, i., 28; Richmond, 51, 55; Norfolk, 160; Gaston, 168; Fayetteville, 183; specimen of, in Eastern Texas, ii., 5; first-class, at Memphis, 56; bill of fare and its result, 57; at Woodville, dress-etiquette and wretched arrangements, 148.
- ‘Household Words,’ extract from, ii., 258.
- Houses of slave population in Virginia, i., 87, 104; in South Carolina, 207; Georgia, 233, 237; Mississippi, ii., 68.
- Houston County, ii., 1; deserted plantations, 1; scarcity of provisions, 2; runaway mulatto captured by a negro, 21.
- Hunting a runaway slave in the back country, ii., 161.
- “Idee of Potasun,” extraordinary composition of “the best medicine,” i., 169.
- Ignorance of a planter’s son, ii., 90; of the father, 91; of a respectable farmer, 130.
- Illinois, a farmer of, on the condition of South-western Slave States, ii., 308.
- Immersion, fondness of religious negroes for, ii., 72.
- Impetuosity of the Southerners, ii., 327.
- Improvement in the condition of slaves within the last twenty years, ii., 101.
- Indian farms in Mississippi, ii., 105.
- Indians, in Louisiana, ii., 38; costume of Choctaws and Alabamas, 38; hired to hoe cotton, 93.
- Intelligence and industry of negroes on a Mississippi plantation, ii., 79.
- Irishmen, employment of, i., 95; the best labourers to be obtained, 95; too self-confident and quarrelsome, 195; Germans preferred to them, 195; labourers to negro masons, 297.
- Iron-mining in Alabama, ii., 115; conversation with a miner, 116; wages earned, 117.
- Italians at Natchez, ii., 169; their character by one of themselves, 170.
- James River, i., 52, 142.
- Jefferson, on the moral sense of negroes, i., 106; on the evils of slavery, ii., 231.
- Jerked beef, preparation of, ii., 25.
- Jews, settlement of, in Southern towns, i., 252.
- “Jodel,” the musical yell of the South Carolina negro, i., 214.
- Jones, Rev. C. C., quoted, ii., 225.
- ‘Journal of Commerce,’ letter to, by a Virginian, on the scarcity of labourers, i., 111.
- Kentucky, negro-trader of, ii., 44.
- Killing negroes, viewed merely as an offence against property, ii., 190.
- Labour of slaves, compared with that of labourers in Free States, i., 10, 137; ii., 382; influence of the association in labour of slaves and free-men, i., 300; cost of, in the Border States, ii., 380; difference between slave and free, 382.
- Land, value of, i., 114; in Virginia and Pennsylvania, ii., 369.
- Liberation of slaves on a plantation in Virginia, happy results of, i., 92.
- Liberia, emigration to, i., 149, 335.
- Liberty, county of (Georgia), interest of the planters in the well-being of their slaves, ii., 215; statistics of, 388.
- Licentiousness, comparative, of North and South, i., 307.
- Liquor, traffic with slaves, evils of, i., 251; habit of pilfering to procure it, 252.
- Log-cabin in North Carolina, i., 180; in South Carolina, 206, 213; in Eastern Texas, 367.
- Log-roads in the swamp, i., 145.
- Longstreet, Judge, his ‘Georgia Scenes,’ quoted, ii., 297.
- Lorettes, the, of New Orleans, i., 302; a quasi-marriage, 303; economy of the system, 306.
- Louisiana, laws of, favourable to negroes, i., 101; a negro’s opinion of, compared with Virginia, 334; contrast of manners in, and in Texas, ii., 31; good-nature of the people, 31; miserable condition of the poorer planters, 44; disregard of slave-laws in, 47; Sunday-work, 47; insecurity of slaveholding interest, 51.
- Lumberers, slave, habits and mode of life in the swamp, i., 146; superior to most slaves, 148.
- Lumber-trade in the Dismal Swamp, i., 145.
- Lying, almost universal among slaves, i., 105.
- Maine Law, arguments for, in the South, i., 253.
- Malaria of rice-fields, i., 235.
- Management of slaves, increasing difficulty of the, i., 252.
- Manchac Spring, a well-ordered plantation, ii., 15.
- Manufactures, beneficial effect of, on the community, i., 25; ii., 286.
- Marriage, indifference of negroes to, ii., 80.
- Maury, Lieutenant, on the advantageous situation for commerce of Norfolk (Virginia), i., 143.
- Medical survey, ii., 197.
- Memphis, ii., 55.
- ‘Methodist Protestant,’ the, quoted, ii., 228.
- Methodists, their opinion on slavery, ii., 140; their five ‘Christian Advocates,’ 140, note.
- Mexicans, dislike of Americans to, ii., 19.
- Mill’s ‘Political Economy,’ quoted, ii., 338.
- Miner, conversation with a, ii., 115.
- Mineral treasures of Virginia, ii., 365.
- Misrepresentation, charge of, against the author, ii., 311.
- Missionary system, slavery as a, ii., 215.
- Mississippi River, cotton plantations on the, i., 13, 17, note; ii., 59; rich planters, 158; number of slaves on a plantation, 159.
- Mississippi, feeling in, against slavery, ii., 98, 109; condition of the slaves, 101.
- Mississippi, Northern, remarkable plantation in, ii., 67; all the negroes able to read, 70; their religion and morals, 71.
- Mobile (Alabama), description of, i., 282; scarcity of tradesmen and mechanics, 283; chief business of the town, 283; English merchants, owners of slaves, 284.
- Montgomery (Alabama), i., 274.
- Morals of white children suffer from association with slaves, i., 222; ii., 229.
- ‘Morehouse Advocate,’ the, quoted, i., 298.
- Mulatto, a runaway, captured by a negro, ii., 21; their value compared with pure blacks, 82, 211.
- Murder of a young lady by a negro girl, i., 125, note.
- Music, negro fondness for, ii., 73, 221.
- Nachitoches (Louisiana), i., 358.
- Nacogdoches (E. Texas), ii., 1; difficulty of procuring needful supplies for our journey, 2.
- Names of blacks, ii., 208.
- Natchez, gambling at, ii., 154; beauty of the neighbouring country, 165; the town described, 166; view of the Mississippi from the Bluff, 168; conversation with an Italian at, 169.
- ‘National Intelligencer,’ the, quoted, i., 143.
- Nebraska Bill, opinions of, ii., 135, 141.
- Negroes, numbers engaged in cotton culture, i., 17; their increased value, 26; appearance of, in Virginia, 33; an illegal meeting at Washington, 36; problem of Southern gentlemen with respect to, 61; their Christmas holidays, 74; how they live in the swamp, 96, 155; their cunning to avoid working for their masters’ profit, 99; alleged incapacity of exercising judgment, 100; kind treatment in Louisiana, 101, 328, 338; proverbial habit of lying, 105; agrarian notions, 106; universally pilferers, 106; their simulation of illness, 118; Dr. Cartwright’s work on their diseases, 122; runaways in the swamp, 155; mode of hunting them, 156; superior character of those employed in the turpentine forest, 188; repulsive appearance of, on a Carolina plantation, 208; their love for fires in the open air, 215; occasional instances of trustworthiness and intelligence, 240; employed in the cultivation of rice, 243; field-hands, 245; effect of organization of labour, 248; permission to labour for themselves after working hours, 251; evil effects of grog-shops, 251; excitement at religious meetings, 259, 315; their jocosity, 281; engaged, in cultivation of sugar, 319, 328; their thoughts of being free, 334, 339; capacity for learning, ii., 70, 99; mode of working in Mississippi, 178; treated as mere property on large plantations, 192; general character of, 221. See Slaves.
- Negro consumption, i., 123.
- Negro slaveowners in Louisiana, i., 336; their cruelty, 336.
- Negro-traders in Louisiana and Kentucky, ii., 44.
- New Orleans, arrival at, i., 290; first impressions, 291; the French quarter, 291; cathedral, 293; mixture of races, 294; a lot of twenty-two negroes, 295; number of free labourers, 299; manners and morals of the citizens, 302; association with mulatto and quadroon females, 302.
- ‘New Orleans Crescent,’ quoted, i., 300, 301.
- ‘New Orleans Delta,’ on justice to slaves, ii., 185.
- Newton, the Hon. Willoughby, on the introduction of guano, i., 101.
- ‘New York Times,’ letters to, on slave and free labour, i., 134, 135; ii., 268.
- Norfolk (Virginia), its filthy condition, i., 142; natural advantages for trade and commerce, 143; market gardens, 153; hotel accommodation, 159.
- ‘Norfolk Argus,’ the, quoted, i., 154.
- “Norther,” a, ii., 6; disinclination to labour caused by, 9.
- Nott, Dr., his ‘Essay on the Value of Life in the South,’ quoted, ii., 257.
- Oak-woods, near Natchez, ii., 165.
- Ohio, produce per acre compared with that of Virginia, ii., 255.
- “Old Family,” the traditional, of Virginia or South Carolina, ii., 335.
- “Old Man Corse,” an Italian-French emigrant, ii., 32; his house and family, 32; conversation with a negro, 34.
- Old Settler’s, a night at an, in Eastern Texas, ii., 4.
- Opelousas (Louisiana), ii., 30.
- Overseers, character of, i., 53, 94; ii., 184, 189; a kind and efficient one on a Carolina plantation, i., 208; stringent terms of contract, 250; precaution against undue corporeal punishment, 251; surly behaviour of one in Mississippi, ii., 94; another specimen, 143; a night in an overseer’s cabin, 175; wages of, 185, 195; their want of consideration for slaves, 189.
- Passes to negroes, forged, i., 301.
- Patent Medicines, ii., 175.
- Patent Office Reports for 1847 and 1852, quoted, i., 115.
- “Patriarchal Institution,” a favourable aspect of the, i., 236.
- Peddlers of tobacco, i., 209; of cheap literature, 345.
- Peripneumonia notha, or cold plague, i., 123.
- Phillips, Mr. M. W., on plantation economy, ii., 186.
- Physical power, necessary to maintain discipline among slaves, i., 124.
- ‘Picayune, The,’ quoted, i., 343; ii., 211.
- “Plank-dancing,” ii., 73.
- Plantations in South Carolina described, i., 207, 233; in Georgia, 243; in Louisiana, 317; Creole plantation, 340; in Eastern Texas, 372; ii., 9, 14; in Mississippi, 67, 90; ignorance of proprietor, 90; the most profitable one visited, described, 193; the manager and overseers, 194; arrangements for the slaves, 195; their rate of increase, 209; indiscriminate intercourse, 209; statistics of, 236.
- Planters, characteristics of, i., 18, 19, 137, 276, 343; comfortless living of, in Eastern Texas, ii., 10, 14; Creole, in Louisiana, 46; their passion for increasing their negro stock, 48; life of, compared with that of men of equal property in New York, 48; conversation with a nervous planter, 152; hospitality of, in Mississippi, 163; general character of those of the South, 230, 272.
- Plough-girls, ii., 201.
- Polk, Bishop, his description of slavery in the Red River county, ii., 213, note.
- Poor whites in Virginia, i., 81, 95; their condition worse than that of the slaves, 83; their reluctance to do the work of slaves, 112; degraded condition of, in the turpentine forest, 188; their belief in witchcraft, 189; of South Carolina, 231; trading with them injurious to the negroes, 252; girls employed in the cotton-mills at Columbia, 273; in Eastern Texas, their dishonesty, 372; engaged in iron mining, ii., 115; in Mississippi, 196; feeling of irritation against, 355.
- Preacher, Methodist, tales of “nigger” hunting by, ii., 122.
- Preachers, negro, i., 309.
- Presbyterian minister, employed by Georgia planters to instruct the blacks, ii., 215; his opinions on slavery, 216 et seq.
- Price-current of slaves at Richmond, Virginia, ii., 374.
- Progress, comparative, of North and South, i., 25.
- Pronunciation, effect of, on names, ii., 32.
- Property aspect of slavery, ii., 183.
- Privileged classes of the South, their condition and character, ii., 272; their assertion of the beneficence of slavery, 273; their two methods of vindicating it, 276; their claims to high-breeding and hospitality generally unwarranted, 282; instances of the opposite qualities, 315 et seq.; their revengeful disposition, 327.
- Public worship in the South, provisions for, i., 259, 261.
- Purchase of a plantation, a gambling operation, i., 321.
- Quadroons at New Orleans, their beauty and healthiness, i., 294, 303; their cultivated tastes, 305; peculiar characteristics of their association with whites, 305.
- Quakers, negro opinion of, ii., 37.
- Racing on the Red River, i., 351.
- Railroads, in Virginia, i., 38, 55; want of punctuality, 56, 141; in North Carolina, 161; disregard of advertised arrangements, 167; desirable improvements, 170; in South Carolina, 216; their superiority in Georgia, 272.
- Raleigh (North Carolina), described, i., 170; desolate aspect of the country around, 171.
- Rations of U. S. Army, compared with allowances to slaves, ii., 240.
- Red River, cotton plantations on the, i., 13; preparations for a voyage up the, 343; supper and sleeping arrangements, 350; a good shot, 352.
- Religion, want of reverence for, i., 262; ii., 89, 104, 220.
- Religious condition of the South, i., 261; proportion of ministers to people, 261; rivalry and jealousy of different sects, 262; religious instruction to slaves objected to, ii., 214; general remarks on religious professions in the slaves, 220.
- Religious service in a meeting-house in Georgia, i., 205; in a negro chapel at New Orleans, 308.
- Remonstrance by South Carolina planters against religious instruction to negroes, ii., 214.
- Revival among the slaves, ii., 222.
- Rice plantation, a model one visited, i., 235; house servants and field-hands, 236; negro-quarters, 237; nursery for black children, 238; a rice-mill, 239; burning stubble, 243; ploughing, 244; food of the slaves, 244; field gangs, 245; task-work, 247; important duties of drivers, 249; limitation of power of punishment, 251; trade on the plantation, 254.
- Richmond, Virginia, described, i., 40; railway economy, 42; negro funeral, 43; ludicrous oratory, 44; Sunday appearance of coloured people, 45; their demeanour to whites, 47; “Slaves for sale or hire,” 50; farm on James River, 52; coal-pit, 54.
- ‘Richmond American,’ the, quoted, i., 125, note; ‘Enquirer,’ ii., 364; ‘Whig,’ 370.
- Ruffin, Mr. Edmund, quoted, ii., 303.
- Runaway slaves, i., 119, 155; ii., 7; advertisements of, 157; cure for, ii., 6; pursuit of one, 20; hunting with dogs, 120, 122, 178; stocks for punishment of, 161; conflict with a runaway, 161, note; favourite lurking-ground for, 183.
- Russell, Mr., his ‘North America: its Agriculture, &c.,’ quoted, ii., 176, note, 182, 252, 256; mistaken views of, with respect to free and slave labour, 252 et seq.
- Sabine River, country on each side described, ii., 24; coarseness of the inhabitants, 25; a night with a gentleman of the country, 25; “figures of speech,” 27.
- San Augustin (Eastern Texas), i., 374; Presbyterian and Methodist universities merged in a “Masonic Institute,” 375.
- St. Francisville, ii., 143; neighbouring country described, 145; appearance of the slaves, 146.
- Savannah (Georgia), commerce and prospects of, i., 273.
- Scripture expressions, their familiar use by the negroes, i., 262; a dram-seller’s advertisement, 263.
- Seguin, Dr., on the capacity of the negro, ii., 344.
- Separation of North and South inconsistent with the welfare of either, i., 1.
- Sermons by negroes, i., 311.
- Settlement, negro, described, i., 237.
- “Show Plantations,” i., 230.
- Sickness, real and feigned, of slaves, i., 96, 118; ii., 198, 199.
- Skilled labour, negroes employed in, i., 240.
- Slavery, Jefferson’s opinion on, i., 92; practicability of rapidly extinguishing, 255; cruelty a necessity of, 355; strong opinion against, of a Mississippi planter, ii., 98; of a Tennessee farmer, 140; necessary to produce cheap cotton, ii., 252.
- Slaveholders, opinions of, on slavery, i., 53, 60, 332, 354; ii., 92; American, French, and negro slaveowners, 336, 337.
- Slave-mart, at Richmond, i., 50; at Houston, ii., 22.
- Slaves, liberated, doing well in Africa, i., 92; prospects of those going North, 93.
- Slaves, their value as labourers, i., 16, 94; as domestic servants, 125; causes of the high prices given for them, 16; number engaged in cultivating cotton, 17; number annually exported from slave-breeding to cotton States, 58; proportion of workers to slaves maintained, 59; improvement in their conditions, 94; their food and lodging in Virginia, 102, 104; their clothing, 105; subject to peculiar diseases, 122; necessity of humouring them, 128; have no training as children, 131; work accomplished in a given time, 133; “driving,” 135; increasing difficulties in their management, 252; instance of their trustworthiness, 259; best method of inducing them to exert themselves, 328; bad effect of their association with white labourers, 330; and of their dealings with petty traders, 331; condition of, on a profitable plantation in Mississippi, ii., 195; worked hardest in the South-west, 202; some nearly white, 210; their religious instruction, 222; impolicy of allowing them to cultivate patches, 238; auction at Richmond described, 372. See Negroes.
- Slave States, condition of the people, i., 8; not benefited by their cotton monopoly, 8; dearness of slave-labour, 10, 94; antipathy of the whites to work, 22; small proportion of the area devoted to cotton cultivation, 24; their small contribution to the national treasury, 27; general characteristics and features of the country, 85.
- Slave trade, activity of, in Virginia, i., 57; difficulty of obtaining statistics, 58.
- Sleeping-quarters, unpleasant, ii., 87, 106; abundance of insect vermin, 87; mode of keeping away gnats, 107.
- ‘South Carolinian,’ the, on planters and overseers, ii., 188.
- South, danger of the, ii., 338; condition of the negro, 339; Southern method of treatment dangerous, 344; unconscious habits of precaution, 346; apparent tranquillity deceptive, 348; police machinery, 350; abolitionist literature, 358; cause of agitation, 361; impossibility of acceding to the demands of the South, 362; threat of dissolution, 363; probable result, 363.
- ‘Southern Agriculturist,’ the, quoted, ii., 182, 188.
- ‘Southern Cultivator,’ the, on the effect of the society of negroes on their masters’ children, i., 222, note; on allowing negroes to cultivate “patches,” 239, note.
- Stage-coach rides in North Carolina, i., 163, 174, 201; a swindling driver, 163; cruelty to horses, 175; unexpected comforts of a piny-wood stage-house, 177; in Mississippi, ii., 64.
- Stage-house at Fayetteville, described, i., 183.
- Steam-boats: on Cape Fear River, i., 191; on the Alabama River, 275; passengers, 276; wastefulness and joviality of the crew, 281; description of one on the Red River, 347; sleeping arrangements, 349; life of the firemen, 350; deck-passengers, 350; a race, 351; gambling on board, 353.
- Street-fights in Louisiana, ii., 53.
- Steward, negro, on a rice plantation, importance of his office, i., 240; privileges enjoyed by, 242.
- Subjugation of the South, its alleged impossibility, i., 2.
- Suffering, occasional, different effect of, on the slave and free labourer, ii., 251.
- Sugar plantation, in Louisiana, i., 317; the owner’s popularity, 318; mansion and offices, 319; arrangements for the slaves, 320; usual expenses of carrying on, 321; ii., 236; mode of cultivation, i., 323; planting the cane, 325; tillage, 327; grinding the cane, 328; increased labour in grinding season willingly performed by the slaves, 328; late improvements in the manufacture, 329.
- Suggestions for improving the condition of the negro, and preparing him for freedom, i., 255.
- Sumner and Brooks, ii., 348.
- Sunday, slave labour on, ii., 47, 181.
- Sweep-seines, the largest in the world, used in the North Carolina fisheries, i., 149.
- “Swell-heads,” ii., 156, 166.
- Task-work general in Georgia and South Carolina, i., 247.
- Texas, its prospect of becoming a Free State, ii., 102; influence of the Germans, 102, 103.
- Texas, Eastern, route across, i., 359; a day in the woods, 359; plantation described, 359; a sick child, 361; the emigrant road, 365, 374; appearance of the emigrants, 365; the Red Lands, 373; Christmas serenade, 375; a planter’s residence, ii., 9; his comfortless mode of living, 10; promising sons, 10; literary dearth, 10; interest taken in foreign affairs, 11; domestic servants, 13; a night, with another planter, 14; his habits of life, 14, 15; determination of inhabitants to conceal unfavourable facts, 18; hatred of Mexicans, 19.
- Texas, South-eastern, district described, ii., 23; imperfect drainage, 23; sparsely settled, 24; not a desirable place of abode, 24.
- Tennessee, North-eastern, contrast between the homes of a slaveholder and a farmer without slaves, ii., 138.
- Tennessee squire, a night with, ii., 128; his notion of buying Irishmen, 129.
- Tobacco, plantation in Eastern Virginia, i., 88; reasons for growing, 88; negroes not able to cultivate the finer sorts, 89; ii., 254; their mode of payment, i., 98, 140.
- Tobacco-peddling in South Carolina, i., 209.
- Treating in Mississippi, ii., 155.
- Tree-peddler, his catalogue of “curosest trees,” ii., 75.
- Trinity Bottom, ii., 2; fertility of surrounding lands, 3.
- Turpentine forest, character of slaves employed in, i., 188.
- Umbrellas carried by Alabama Indians on horseback, ii., 38.
- ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin,’ conversation on, i., 345, 354; ii., 135.
- Vicksburgh, ii., 55.
- Virginia, characteristics of the population, i., 39; association of blacks and whites, 40; the Public Guard, 41; rebellion of coloured people in 1801, 42; mode of living of Virginia gentlemen at home, 89; treatment of negroes in, 101; Economy of Virginia, 108; an Englishman’s impressions on landing in the United States, 108; apparent indifference to shabby living, 108; its causes, 108; difference of means required to procure the same result, 108; a similar analogy between the North and South, 109; an exceptional case, 109; high price paid for skilled labour, 110; state of the community as a whole, 111; complaints of scarcity of hands, 111; the employment of whites in occupations usually performed by slaves distasteful both to master and labourer, 112; land most valuable, where proportion of slaves to whites is least, 114; comparative cost of slave and free labour, 117; advantages of the latter in wages paid, 118; in freedom from loss by disability, 118; frequency of feigned illness, 118; peculiar diseases of negroes, 122; means of maintaining discipline, 124; want of the motives to exertion possessed by free labourers, 131; influence of slave system on the habits of the whole community, 131; general want of civilized comforts, 137; waste of natural resources, 138, 143; rule of make-shift, 138; exceptional instances, 139; decay of its agriculture, ii., 303; mineral wealth, 365; want of means of education, 371.
- Virginia, Eastern, its resources neglected, i., 8; poverty of its inhabitants, 10; description of a ride, 64; a strange vehicle, 65; the school-house, 65; “Old Fields,” 66; desolate appearance of the country, 66; a farm-house, 70; a country “grosery,” 72; the court-house, 74; a night at an old plantation with a churlish host, 76; the “supper-room” and “sitting-room,” 79; precarious existence of poor white labourers, 81; the “bed-room,” 84; the planter’s charge for his “hospitality,” 85; sparse population, 86; the meeting-house, 86; negro quarters, 87; a tobacco plantation, 88.
- Voyage from Mobile to New Orleans, i., 285.
- Washington, number of visitors at, i., 28; a boarding-house, 28; the market-place, 34; price of land in the neighbourhood, 35; number of white labourers, 35; character of the coloured population, 36; an illegal meeting, 36.
- Watchman, the, on a Carolina plantation, i., 240, 242.
- Water-snakes, numbers of, ii., 24, 29.
- ‘West Feliciana Whig,’ account of slaughter of a runaway, ii., 161.
- Wharves, absence of, on the Southern rivers, ii., 55.
- Whip, constant use of the, ii., 202.
- Whipping, of coloured preachers of the Gospel, i., 226; of a slave girl, ii., 205.
- Wise, Governor, on the decay of Virginia, ii., 303.
- Whites, some slaves hardly to be distinguished from pure-blooded, ii., 210.
- White’s ‘Statistics of Georgia,’ ii., 385.
- Wilmington (North Carolina), i., 97; destruction of a building at, because erected by negroes, ii., 98.
- ‘Wilmington Herald,’ quoted, ii., 99, note.
- Witchcraft, belief in, by poor whites, i., 189.
- Women employed in ploughing, ii., 201.
- “Wooding” on Cape Fear River, i., 193.
- Woodville (Mississippi), ii., 148; dress etiquette, 148; neighbourhood described, 149; robberies, 149.
- Yazoo Bottoms, the son of a planter in, ii., 63; journey with him in Northern Mississippi, 64; his dislike to babies, 66.
- Yellow Fever, good conduct of negroes at Savannah during its raging, i., 259; at Natchez, ii., 160.