- Abolition, effect of low prices of cotton in promoting, i., 201;
extent of the agitation to remote districts, ii., 37;
abolitionist sentiments of a slaveowner in Mississippi, 98;
feeling in favour of, in North Carolina, 131.
- Abolitionists, danger of poor whites becoming, ii., 357;
literature of, 358.
- Advantage (supposed) of slave-labour in cultivating cotton and tobacco, ii., 252.
- Advertisements for runaway negroes, i., 157;
of slaves for sale, ii., 22.
- Acadians, or poor French habitans in Louisiana, i., 338; ii., 33.
- Adams, Governor, on the want of education for the poor, ii., 293.
- African races, character of, compared with the Teutonic, ii., 221.
- Agriculture, scientific, on a farm on James River, i., 52;
wretched implements used in North Carolina, 172;
successful cultivation of the sugar-cane, 322;
on a Mississippi plantation, ii., 201;
decay of, in Virginia, 303;
in Slave and Free States, 367.
- Alabama, appearance of the country, i., 274;
“reasons” for making Montgomery the capital, ii., 112;
women getting out iron ore, 115;
picture of decay by one of her statesmen, 297.
- Alabama River, voyage down the, i., 275;
number of so-called landings, 275;
mode of loading cotton, 275;
Irishmen cheaper than niggers, 276.
- Albemarle, proportion of slaves to whites, i., 116.
- Alexandria (Louisiana), yellow fever at, i., 357;
unenviable reputation of, 357.
- Alligators, ii., 24;
dangers of their holes, 29.
- Amalgamation, i., 307.
- Americans in Texas, ii., 101.
- ‘American Agriculturist,’ quoted, i., 116.
- Annexation of Cuba, its effect on the sugar manufacture of Louisiana, ii., 50;
on the African slave-trade, 51.
- Apparatus used in sugar manufacture, i., 329.
- Aptness of negroes for learning, ii., 70;
for mechanical occupations, 78.
- Association of whites with coloured people, i., 168, 169, note;
the quadroon society of New Orleans, 305.
- Aristocrats, “swell heads,” of Mississippi, ii., 156, 166.
- Auction, sale of slaves by, at Richmond, i., 50; ii., 372.
- Aversion to labour, difficulty in overcoming the negro’s, ii., 192.
- Bacon raising, ii., 176.
- Bals masqués at New Orleans, i., 304.
- Barton, Dr., on the advantages of slavery, ii., 277, note.
- Bee-hunting, ii., 117.
- Big woods, ii., 29.
- Bill of fare of an hotel at Memphis, ii., 57.
- Blacksmith, an independent, ii., 8.
- Boarding-house at Washington, i., 28.
- Boat-songs of the negroes on the steamboats, i., 347.
- Books, dangerous, ii., 358.
- Brazos bottoms, cotton plantations on the, i., 14.
- Breeding slaves for sale in Virginia, i., 57;
early period at which they have children, ii., 80.
- Brooks, P. S., ii., 348.
- Burning alive of a negro in Eastern Tennessee, ii., 349, 351;
frequency of such cases, 354.
- Calcasieu River (Texas), ii., 30.
- Canada, running of slaves into, ii., 362;
loss to the South by, 362.
- Cape Fear River, a type of the navigable streams of the cotton States, i., 191;
passage from Fayetteville to Wilmington, 191;
panic of a steamer’s crew, 192;
taking in wood, 193;
description of the passengers, 194;
features of the river-banks, 196.
- Capital transferred, ii., 299;
with Northern men, 301.
- Carolina, North, fisheries, i., 149;
desolate aspect of the country, 171;
want of means of communication, 181;
degraded condition of white labourers, 188;
general ignorance and torpidity of the people, 190;
their causes, 190;
aspect of slavery more favourable than in Virginia, 191;
cultivation of forage crops neglected, 200;
wages of labourers, ii., 132.
- Carolina, South, appearance of the country, i., 204, 215;
thinly peopled, 206;
log cabins, 206;
negro-quarters, 207;
repulsive appearance of field-hands, 208;
conversation with an elderly countryman in, 217;
his ignorance and good-nature, 218, 221;
conduct of two negro-girls, 222;
plantations, 233;
negro settlements, 233, 237.
- Cartwright, Dr., on the peculiar diseases of negroes, i., 122.
- Carts, primitive style of, in Georgia, i., 231.
- Cavaliers, English, Virginia partly colonized by, ii., 335.
- Cemeteries, negro, i., 224.
- ‘Chambers’ Journal,’ on the Virginia slave-trade, ii., 372.
- Character, difference of, in North and South, how accounted for, ii., 332, et seq.
- ‘Charleston Mercury,’ quoted, ii., 362.
- ‘Charleston Standard,’ the, on dishonest trading with slaves, i., 253.
- Charleston (S. C.), average mortality of whites and negroes at, ii., 259.
- Chastity of so-called pious slaves, ii., 226.
- Children, bad effects on, from intercourse with slaves, i., 222.
- Christmas holidays of the negroes, i., 97;
serenade in San Augustin, 375;
presents to slaves, ii., 180.
- Church edifices, value of, in Georgia, ii., 388.
- Churches of coloured people in Washington, i., 36;
description of a religious service in New Orleans, 308.
- Claiborne (Alabama), curious mode of loading cotton at, i., 275.
- Clay, Mr. Cassius, ii., 281.
- Climate of cotton lands, reckoned unsuitable for white labourers, ii., 256.
- Clothing of slaves, i., 46, 105; ii., 200;
fondness for finery, 201.
- Coal, beds of, in Virginia, i., 55;
extensive fields of, ii., 365.
- Coloured Church members, statistics of, ii., 222;
hollowness of their professions, 225.
- Columbus (Georgia), i., 273;
extensive manufactures, 274;
frequent distress of white labourers, 274;
wretched hotel accommodation, 274.
- Conspiracy to overawe the North, i., 6.
- Comparison of the moral and social condition of the negro, in Slave and Free States, ii., 238.
- Corporeal punishment, severe instance of, witnessed, ii., 205.
- Cottage in Louisiana, a night spent in, ii., 38;
superior manners of the inmates, 39.
- Cotton, fallacies with respect to its influence, i., 5;
the monopoly not beneficial to the Slave States, 8;
neglected resources of the so-called cotton States, 12;
profitable cultivation, 15;
number of slaves engaged in cotton culture, 17;
profits of large and small planters, 18;
limited area devoted to its growth, 24;
effect of low prices on abolition, 201;
reckless loading on steamboats, 275;
chiefly produced in the valley of the Mississippi, 342;
expense of raising, ii., 182;
planting and tillage the chief items, 253;
advantages of free labour, 262, 268;
possibility of greatly increasing the cotton supply, 269.
- ‘Cotton Planter,’ the, extract from, ii., 186.
- Cotton-planters, general characteristics of, i., 18, 276, 343;
their want of the comforts of civilized life, 19, 137;
their hospitality generally a matter of business, ii., 95;
sudden acquisition of wealth by, 158.
- Counties of Georgia, statistics of, ii., 385.
- “Crackers” of Georgia, religious service among the, i., 265;
at Columbus, 275.
- Creoles, French, i., 338; ii., 33;
their passion for gambling, 45;
general character and mode of life, 46.
- Crockett (Eastern Texas), scarcity of provisions at, ii., 2.
- Cruelty of negro slaveholders, i., 336.
- Cuba, emancipation law of, i., 257;
probable effect of its annexation on sugar-planting in Louisiana, ii., 50.
- ‘Daily News, the London,’ extracts from, ii., 189, 190;
letter in, 322.
- Dancing, fondness of negroes for, ii., 72.
- Danger of the South, ii., 338.
- Darby, Mr., on the effects of climate, ii., 257.
- De Bow, Mr., his ‘Compendium of the Census,’ quoted, i., 19, 20, 24;
his ‘Review,’ quoted, on the valley of the Mississippi, ii., 63;
on the want of education, 293;
‘Resources of the South,’ 182, 227, 265, 310;
his charges against the author, 311;
on negro capacity, 345;
on abolitionist books, 360.
- Deep River, extensive fisheries, i., 149;
mode of fishing described, 150;
expenditure of gunpowder, 151;
removal of stumps of trees from the bottom, 151;
mode of operation, 151;
negro divers, 152;
cheerful and willing to work, 153.
- Deer, ingenious mode of killing, ii., 197.
- Deserted plantations in Texas, ii., 1.
- Diseases peculiar to negroes, i., 122;
malaria, 235;
yellow fever, 259; ii., 260.
- Dismal Swamp, i., 144;
importance of the lumber trade, 144;
character and mode of life of slaves employed as lumbermen, 146;
their superiority over field-hands generally, 148;
a refuge for runaway negroes, 155.
- Distances, discrepancies in estimating, ii., 31.
- Distress, in 1855, in New York, ii., 243;
in the Southern States, 248.
- Divers, skill and perseverance of slaves employed as, i., 151.
- Dogs used for hunting negroes, i., 156; ii., 120, 122, 178, 184.
- Domestic servants, their great value in the South, i., 125;
their cost in proportion to white domestics, 125;
a Southern lady’s description of her household, 126;
their carelessness, 131;
in Eastern Texas, ii., 12;
indifference to scolding, 93.
- Douglas, Mrs., on Amalgamation, i., 307.
- Drapetomania, a disease peculiar to negroes, i., 122.
- Drivers, selection of, i., 249;
their qualifications and duties, 249;
their general character, 250.
- “Driving,” i., 135; ii., 178, 201.
- Duel, savage conduct and termination of, ii., 231.
- Dutch-French farmer, conversation with a, ii., 39.
- Dysæsthesia Æthiopica, a disease peculiar to negroes, i., 122.
- Economy, political, of Virginia, i., 108.
- Eggs, negroes well supplied with, i., 103, 281;
a circulating medium, 254.
- Education, want of provision for, in the South, ii., 292.
- Educational projects in Mississippi, ii., 156;
statistics of Northern and Southern States, 331.
- Ellison, Mr., on ‘Slavery and Secession,’ i., 58, note.
- Engineers, slaves employed as, i., 240.
- English mechanic at New Orleans, conversation with, i., 296.
- Enlightenment of Christianized Africans, specimens of the, ii., 89, 225;
a “pious” negro, 89.
- Epidemic of 1820, in the Southern States, i., 258;
admirable conduct of the slaves, 259.
- Epitaphs in negro burial-ground, i., 226.
- Excitement of blacks, at their religious meetings, i., 259, 309.
- Extravagance and wastefulness of the blacks, i., 98.
- “Eyebreaker,” black gnat so called, its attacks on cattle, ii., 41.
- False assertion of the superior material condition of Southern slaves to that of Northern and European labourers, ii., 242.
- Famine of 1855, its effect in New York, ii., 243;
extracts from Southern newspapers during, 248;
how felt in the Slave States, 248.
- Farm, in Maryland, described, i., 32;
on James River, 52;
description of a, cultivated by free labour, 92;
employment of Irishmen, 95.
- Farm-lands, comparative value in Slave and Free States, i., 11, 35, 114.
- Farmer, conversation with a free-labour, in Tennessee, on slavery, ii., 140.
- “Fast man” in Mississippi, ii., 154.
- February weather in Georgia, i., 227.
- Feliciana, beauty of the region, ii., 143.
- Field-hands on a rice plantation, classification of, i., 246.
- Filthiness of negroes, ii., 200.
- Fires in the open air, negro fondness for, i., 215.
- Fisheries in North Carolina, i., 149;
interesting and novel operations, 150.
- Fleas, mode of destroying by an ingenious negro, i., 104, note.
- Food, supplied to the slaves in Virginia, i., 101;
on a Georgia rice plantation, 244;
on a Mississippi plantation, ii., 179, 195;
generally in the South, 240, 241.
- Frambœsia, or Yaws, slaves peculiarly subject to, i., 123.
- Free Labour, plantation in Virginia cultivated by, i., 92.
- Fruit-trees, supplied by a peddler, ii., 74.
- Funeral, negro, in Richmond, i., 43;
ludicrous features of, 44.
- ‘General Gabriel’s’ rebellion, i., 42.
- Georgia, winter climate of, i., 227;
“show plantations,” 230;
strange appearance and language of the rustics, 231;
statistics of seaboard district of, ii., 295, 385;
worn-out cotton lands, 296.
- Germans, their patient industry and docility as labourers, i., 33, 195;
in Eastern Texas, ii., 19;
in Western Texas, 96;
immigration to Texas, 102;
their influence, 102;
schools, 103;
conversation with a persevering German, 164;
at Natchez, 171;
superior quality of the cotton picked by, 263;
cultivation of cotton by, in Texas, 266.
- Glue-manufacturer, his reasons for employing whites, i., 194.
- Grades of coloured people, i., 294.
- Graniteville Manufacturing Company, of South Carolina, improvement in the condition of their operatives, ii., 286.
- Grave-yard for negroes, i., 224.
- Gregg, Mr. W. H., quoted, ii., 286, 287, 301.
- Griscom, Mr. T. R., on slave labour, i., 133, 135.
- Grog-shops, their evil effects on the slaves, i., 251;
homicide of a negro, 253, note.
- Guano, the Hon. W. Newton on the beneficial effects resulting from its introduction, i., 101.
- Hammond, Governor, on the influence of cotton, i., 7;
on slavery, ii., 228.
- Handbill of a North Carolina innkeeper, i., 163.
- Harper, Chancellor, on the tendency of slavery to elevate the female character, i., 222;
his ‘Address,’ quoted, ii., 278.
- ‘Harper’s Weekly,’ quoted, ii., 158.
- ‘Hernando Advance,’ quoted ii., 147.
- Highlands, feelings of inhabitants of, with regard to slavery, ii., 129, 131, 135;
their dislike of negro competition, 137;
their manners and phraseology, 137;
general ignorance, 138.
- Hiring a saddle-horse, i., 61;
lucid directions for an intricate journey, 62.
- Hogs, raising of, ii., 176;
large plantations not suited to, 177.
- Homochitto ferry, ii., 164.
- Honesty, instances of, among slaves, i., 148, 259; ii., 213, note.
- Horses in Natchez, ii., 167;
objections of a Texas drover to “iron on their feet,” 54.
- Hospitality, reputation of the South for, generally unwarranted, ii., 282;
instances of its refusal, 315.
- Hotels, at Washington, i., 28;
Richmond, 51, 55;
Norfolk, 160;
Gaston, 168;
Fayetteville, 183;
specimen of, in Eastern Texas, ii., 5;
first-class, at Memphis, 56;
bill of fare and its result, 57;
at Woodville, dress-etiquette and wretched arrangements, 148.
- ‘Household Words,’ extract from, ii., 258.
- Houses of slave population in Virginia, i., 87, 104;
in South Carolina, 207;
Georgia, 233, 237;
Mississippi, ii., 68.
- Houston County, ii., 1;
deserted plantations, 1;
scarcity of provisions, 2;
runaway mulatto captured by a negro, 21.
- Hunting a runaway slave in the back country, ii., 161.
- “Idee of Potasun,” extraordinary composition of “the best medicine,” i., 169.
- Ignorance of a planter’s son, ii., 90;
of the father, 91;
of a respectable farmer, 130.
- Illinois, a farmer of, on the condition of South-western Slave States, ii., 308.
- Immersion, fondness of religious negroes for, ii., 72.
- Impetuosity of the Southerners, ii., 327.
- Improvement in the condition of slaves within the last twenty years, ii., 101.
- Indian farms in Mississippi, ii., 105.
- Indians, in Louisiana, ii., 38;
costume of Choctaws and Alabamas, 38;
hired to hoe cotton, 93.
- Intelligence and industry of negroes on a Mississippi plantation, ii., 79.
- Irishmen, employment of, i., 95;
the best labourers to be obtained, 95;
too self-confident and quarrelsome, 195;
Germans preferred to them, 195;
labourers to negro masons, 297.
- Iron-mining in Alabama, ii., 115;
conversation with a miner, 116;
wages earned, 117.
- Italians at Natchez, ii., 169;
their character by one of themselves, 170.
- James River, i., 52, 142.
- Jefferson, on the moral sense of negroes, i., 106;
on the evils of slavery, ii., 231.
- Jerked beef, preparation of, ii., 25.
- Jews, settlement of, in Southern towns, i., 252.
- “Jodel,” the musical yell of the South Carolina negro, i., 214.
- Jones, Rev. C. C., quoted, ii., 225.
- ‘Journal of Commerce,’ letter to, by a Virginian, on the scarcity of labourers, i., 111.
- Kentucky, negro-trader of, ii., 44.
- Killing negroes, viewed merely as an offence against property, ii., 190.
- Labour of slaves, compared with that of labourers in Free States, i., 10, 137; ii., 382;
influence of the association in labour of slaves and free-men, i., 300;
cost of, in the Border States, ii., 380;
difference between slave and free, 382.
- Land, value of, i., 114;
in Virginia and Pennsylvania, ii., 369.
- Liberation of slaves on a plantation in Virginia, happy results of, i., 92.
- Liberia, emigration to, i., 149, 335.
- Liberty, county of (Georgia), interest of the planters in the well-being of their slaves, ii., 215;
statistics of, 388.
- Licentiousness, comparative, of North and South, i., 307.
- Liquor, traffic with slaves, evils of, i., 251;
habit of pilfering to procure it, 252.
- Log-cabin in North Carolina, i., 180;
in South Carolina, 206, 213;
in Eastern Texas, 367.
- Log-roads in the swamp, i., 145.
- Longstreet, Judge, his ‘Georgia Scenes,’ quoted, ii., 297.
- Lorettes, the, of New Orleans, i., 302;
a quasi-marriage, 303;
economy of the system, 306.
- Louisiana, laws of, favourable to negroes, i., 101;
a negro’s opinion of, compared with Virginia, 334;
contrast of manners in, and in Texas, ii., 31;
good-nature of the people, 31;
miserable condition of the poorer planters, 44;
disregard of slave-laws in, 47;
Sunday-work, 47;
insecurity of slaveholding interest, 51.
- Lumberers, slave, habits and mode of life in the swamp, i., 146;
superior to most slaves, 148.
- Lumber-trade in the Dismal Swamp, i., 145.
- Lying, almost universal among slaves, i., 105.
- Maine Law, arguments for, in the South, i., 253.
- Malaria of rice-fields, i., 235.
- Management of slaves, increasing difficulty of the, i., 252.
- Manchac Spring, a well-ordered plantation, ii., 15.
- Manufactures, beneficial effect of, on the community, i., 25; ii., 286.
- Marriage, indifference of negroes to, ii., 80.
- Maury, Lieutenant, on the advantageous situation for commerce of Norfolk (Virginia), i., 143.
- Medical survey, ii., 197.
- Memphis, ii., 55.
- ‘Methodist Protestant,’ the, quoted, ii., 228.
- Methodists, their opinion on slavery, ii., 140;
their five ‘Christian Advocates,’ 140, note.
- Mexicans, dislike of Americans to, ii., 19.
- Mill’s ‘Political Economy,’ quoted, ii., 338.
- Miner, conversation with a, ii., 115.
- Mineral treasures of Virginia, ii., 365.
- Misrepresentation, charge of, against the author, ii., 311.
- Missionary system, slavery as a, ii., 215.
- Mississippi River, cotton plantations on the, i., 13, 17, note; ii., 59;
rich planters, 158;
number of slaves on a plantation, 159.
- Mississippi, feeling in, against slavery, ii., 98, 109;
condition of the slaves, 101.
- Mississippi, Northern, remarkable plantation in, ii., 67;
all the negroes able to read, 70;
their religion and morals, 71.
- Mobile (Alabama), description of, i., 282;
scarcity of tradesmen and mechanics, 283;
chief business of the town, 283;
English merchants, owners of slaves, 284.
- Montgomery (Alabama), i., 274.
- Morals of white children suffer from association with slaves, i., 222; ii., 229.
- ‘Morehouse Advocate,’ the, quoted, i., 298.
- Mulatto, a runaway, captured by a negro, ii., 21;
their value compared with pure blacks, 82, 211.
- Murder of a young lady by a negro girl, i., 125, note.
- Music, negro fondness for, ii., 73, 221.
- Nachitoches (Louisiana), i., 358.
- Nacogdoches (E. Texas), ii., 1;
difficulty of procuring needful supplies for our journey, 2.
- Names of blacks, ii., 208.
- Natchez, gambling at, ii., 154;
beauty of the neighbouring country, 165;
the town described, 166;
view of the Mississippi from the Bluff, 168;
conversation with an Italian at, 169.
- ‘National Intelligencer,’ the, quoted, i., 143.
- Nebraska Bill, opinions of, ii., 135, 141.
- Negroes, numbers engaged in cotton culture, i., 17;
their increased value, 26;
appearance of, in Virginia, 33;
an illegal meeting at Washington, 36;
problem of Southern gentlemen with respect to, 61;
their Christmas holidays, 74;
how they live in the swamp, 96, 155;
their cunning to avoid working for their masters’ profit, 99;
alleged incapacity of exercising judgment, 100;
kind treatment in Louisiana, 101, 328, 338;
proverbial habit of lying, 105;
agrarian notions, 106;
universally pilferers, 106;
their simulation of illness, 118;
Dr. Cartwright’s work on their diseases, 122;
runaways in the swamp, 155;
mode of hunting them, 156;
superior character of those employed in the turpentine forest, 188;
repulsive appearance of, on a Carolina plantation, 208;
their love for fires in the open air, 215;
occasional instances of trustworthiness and intelligence, 240;
employed in the cultivation of rice, 243;
field-hands, 245;
effect of organization of labour, 248;
permission to labour for themselves after working hours, 251;
evil effects of grog-shops, 251;
excitement at religious meetings, 259, 315;
their jocosity, 281;
engaged, in cultivation of sugar, 319, 328;
their thoughts of being free, 334, 339;
capacity for learning, ii., 70, 99;
mode of working in Mississippi, 178;
treated as mere property on large plantations, 192;
general character of, 221.
See Slaves.
- Negro consumption, i., 123.
- Negro slaveowners in Louisiana, i., 336;
their cruelty, 336.
- Negro-traders in Louisiana and Kentucky, ii., 44.
- New Orleans, arrival at, i., 290;
first impressions, 291;
the French quarter, 291;
cathedral, 293;
mixture of races, 294;
a lot of twenty-two negroes, 295;
number of free labourers, 299;
manners and morals of the citizens, 302;
association with mulatto and quadroon females, 302.
- ‘New Orleans Crescent,’ quoted, i., 300, 301.
- ‘New Orleans Delta,’ on justice to slaves, ii., 185.
- Newton, the Hon. Willoughby, on the introduction of guano, i., 101.
- ‘New York Times,’ letters to, on slave and free labour, i., 134, 135; ii., 268.
- Norfolk (Virginia), its filthy condition, i., 142;
natural advantages for trade and commerce, 143;
market gardens, 153;
hotel accommodation, 159.
- ‘Norfolk Argus,’ the, quoted, i., 154.
- “Norther,” a, ii., 6;
disinclination to labour caused by, 9.
- Nott, Dr., his ‘Essay on the Value of Life in the South,’ quoted, ii., 257.
- Oak-woods, near Natchez, ii., 165.
- Ohio, produce per acre compared with that of Virginia, ii., 255.
- “Old Family,” the traditional, of Virginia or South Carolina, ii., 335.
- “Old Man Corse,” an Italian-French emigrant, ii., 32;
his house and family, 32;
conversation with a negro, 34.
- Old Settler’s, a night at an, in Eastern Texas, ii., 4.
- Opelousas (Louisiana), ii., 30.
- Overseers, character of, i., 53, 94; ii., 184, 189;
a kind and efficient one on a Carolina plantation, i., 208;
stringent terms of contract, 250;
precaution against undue corporeal punishment, 251;
surly behaviour of one in Mississippi, ii., 94;
another specimen, 143;
a night in an overseer’s cabin, 175;
wages of, 185, 195;
their want of consideration for slaves, 189.
- Passes to negroes, forged, i., 301.
- Patent Medicines, ii., 175.
- Patent Office Reports for 1847 and 1852, quoted, i., 115.
- “Patriarchal Institution,” a favourable aspect of the, i., 236.
- Peddlers of tobacco, i., 209;
of cheap literature, 345.
- Peripneumonia notha, or cold plague, i., 123.
- Phillips, Mr. M. W., on plantation economy, ii., 186.
- Physical power, necessary to maintain discipline among slaves, i., 124.
- ‘Picayune, The,’ quoted, i., 343; ii., 211.
- “Plank-dancing,” ii., 73.
- Plantations in South Carolina described, i., 207, 233;
in Georgia, 243;
in Louisiana, 317;
Creole plantation, 340;
in Eastern Texas, 372; ii., 9, 14;
in Mississippi, 67, 90;
ignorance of proprietor, 90;
the most profitable one visited, described, 193;
the manager and overseers, 194;
arrangements for the slaves, 195;
their rate of increase, 209;
indiscriminate intercourse, 209;
statistics of, 236.
- Planters, characteristics of, i., 18, 19, 137, 276, 343;
comfortless living of, in Eastern Texas, ii., 10, 14;
Creole, in Louisiana, 46;
their passion for increasing their negro stock, 48;
life of, compared with that of men of equal property in New York, 48;
conversation with a nervous planter, 152;
hospitality of, in Mississippi, 163;
general character of those of the South, 230, 272.
- Plough-girls, ii., 201.
- Polk, Bishop, his description of slavery in the Red River county, ii., 213, note.
- Poor whites in Virginia, i., 81, 95;
their condition worse than that of the slaves, 83;
their reluctance to do the work of slaves, 112;
degraded condition of, in the turpentine forest, 188;
their belief in witchcraft, 189;
of South Carolina, 231;
trading with them injurious to the negroes, 252;
girls employed in the cotton-mills at Columbia, 273;
in Eastern Texas, their dishonesty, 372;
engaged in iron mining, ii., 115;
in Mississippi, 196;
feeling of irritation against, 355.
- Preacher, Methodist, tales of “nigger” hunting by, ii., 122.
- Preachers, negro, i., 309.
- Presbyterian minister, employed by Georgia planters to instruct the blacks, ii., 215;
his opinions on slavery, 216 et seq.
- Price-current of slaves at Richmond, Virginia, ii., 374.
- Progress, comparative, of North and South, i., 25.
- Pronunciation, effect of, on names, ii., 32.
- Property aspect of slavery, ii., 183.
- Privileged classes of the South, their condition and character, ii., 272;
their assertion of the beneficence of slavery, 273;
their two methods of vindicating it, 276;
their claims to high-breeding and hospitality generally unwarranted, 282;
instances of the opposite qualities, 315 et seq.;
their revengeful disposition, 327.
- Public worship in the South, provisions for, i., 259, 261.
- Purchase of a plantation, a gambling operation, i., 321.
- Quadroons at New Orleans, their beauty and healthiness, i., 294, 303;
their cultivated tastes, 305;
peculiar characteristics of their association with whites, 305.
- Quakers, negro opinion of, ii., 37.
- Racing on the Red River, i., 351.
- Railroads, in Virginia, i., 38, 55;
want of punctuality, 56, 141;
in North Carolina, 161;
disregard of advertised arrangements, 167;
desirable improvements, 170;
in South Carolina, 216;
their superiority in Georgia, 272.
- Raleigh (North Carolina), described, i., 170;
desolate aspect of the country around, 171.
- Rations of U. S. Army, compared with allowances to slaves, ii., 240.
- Red River, cotton plantations on the, i., 13;
preparations for a voyage up the, 343;
supper and sleeping arrangements, 350;
a good shot, 352.
- Religion, want of reverence for, i., 262; ii., 89, 104, 220.
- Religious condition of the South, i., 261;
proportion of ministers to people, 261;
rivalry and jealousy of different sects, 262;
religious instruction to slaves objected to, ii., 214;
general remarks on religious professions in the slaves, 220.
- Religious service in a meeting-house in Georgia, i., 205;
in a negro chapel at New Orleans, 308.
- Remonstrance by South Carolina planters against religious instruction to negroes, ii., 214.
- Revival among the slaves, ii., 222.
- Rice plantation, a model one visited, i., 235;
house servants and field-hands, 236;
negro-quarters, 237;
nursery for black children, 238;
a rice-mill, 239;
burning stubble, 243;
ploughing, 244;
food of the slaves, 244;
field gangs, 245;
task-work, 247;
important duties of drivers, 249;
limitation of power of punishment, 251;
trade on the plantation, 254.
- Richmond, Virginia, described, i., 40;
railway economy, 42;
negro funeral, 43;
ludicrous oratory, 44;
Sunday appearance of coloured people, 45;
their demeanour to whites, 47;
“Slaves for sale or hire,” 50;
farm on James River, 52;
coal-pit, 54.
- ‘Richmond American,’ the, quoted, i., 125, note;
‘Enquirer,’ ii., 364;
‘Whig,’ 370.
- Ruffin, Mr. Edmund, quoted, ii., 303.
- Runaway slaves, i., 119, 155; ii., 7;
advertisements of, 157;
cure for, ii., 6;
pursuit of one, 20;
hunting with dogs, 120, 122, 178;
stocks for punishment of, 161;
conflict with a runaway, 161, note;
favourite lurking-ground for, 183.
- Russell, Mr., his ‘North America: its Agriculture, &c.,’ quoted, ii., 176, note, 182, 252, 256;
mistaken views of, with respect to free and slave labour, 252 et seq.
- Sabine River, country on each side described, ii., 24;
coarseness of the inhabitants, 25;
a night with a gentleman of the country, 25;
“figures of speech,” 27.
- San Augustin (Eastern Texas), i., 374;
Presbyterian and Methodist universities merged in a “Masonic Institute,” 375.
- St. Francisville, ii., 143;
neighbouring country described, 145;
appearance of the slaves, 146.
- Savannah (Georgia), commerce and prospects of, i., 273.
- Scripture expressions, their familiar use by the negroes, i., 262;
a dram-seller’s advertisement, 263.
- Seguin, Dr., on the capacity of the negro, ii., 344.
- Separation of North and South inconsistent with the welfare of either, i., 1.
- Sermons by negroes, i., 311.
- Settlement, negro, described, i., 237.
- “Show Plantations,” i., 230.
- Sickness, real and feigned, of slaves, i., 96, 118; ii., 198, 199.
- Skilled labour, negroes employed in, i., 240.
- Slavery, Jefferson’s opinion on, i., 92;
practicability of rapidly extinguishing, 255;
cruelty a necessity of, 355;
strong opinion against, of a Mississippi planter, ii., 98;
of a Tennessee farmer, 140;
necessary to produce cheap cotton, ii., 252.
- Slaveholders, opinions of, on slavery, i., 53, 60, 332, 354; ii., 92;
American, French, and negro slaveowners, 336, 337.
- Slave-mart, at Richmond, i., 50;
at Houston, ii., 22.
- Slaves, liberated, doing well in Africa, i., 92;
prospects of those going North, 93.
- Slaves, their value as labourers, i., 16, 94;
as domestic servants, 125;
causes of the high prices given for them, 16;
number engaged in cultivating cotton, 17;
number annually exported from slave-breeding to cotton States, 58;
proportion of workers to slaves maintained, 59;
improvement in their conditions, 94;
their food and lodging in Virginia, 102, 104;
their clothing, 105;
subject to peculiar diseases, 122;
necessity of humouring them, 128;
have no training as children, 131;
work accomplished in a given time, 133;
“driving,” 135;
increasing difficulties in their management, 252;
instance of their trustworthiness, 259;
best method of inducing them to exert themselves, 328;
bad effect of their association with white labourers, 330;
and of their dealings with petty traders, 331;
condition of, on a profitable plantation in Mississippi, ii., 195;
worked hardest in the South-west, 202;
some nearly white, 210;
their religious instruction, 222;
impolicy of allowing them to cultivate patches, 238;
auction at Richmond described, 372.
See Negroes.
- Slave States, condition of the people, i., 8;
not benefited by their cotton monopoly, 8;
dearness of slave-labour, 10, 94;
antipathy of the whites to work, 22;
small proportion of the area devoted to cotton cultivation, 24;
their small contribution to the national treasury, 27;
general characteristics and features of the country, 85.
- Slave trade, activity of, in Virginia, i., 57;
difficulty of obtaining statistics, 58.
- Sleeping-quarters, unpleasant, ii., 87, 106;
abundance of insect vermin, 87;
mode of keeping away gnats, 107.
- ‘South Carolinian,’ the, on planters and overseers, ii., 188.
- South, danger of the, ii., 338;
condition of the negro, 339;
Southern method of treatment dangerous, 344;
unconscious habits of precaution, 346;
apparent tranquillity deceptive, 348;
police machinery, 350;
abolitionist literature, 358;
cause of agitation, 361;
impossibility of acceding to the demands of the South, 362;
threat of dissolution, 363;
probable result, 363.
- ‘Southern Agriculturist,’ the, quoted, ii., 182, 188.
- ‘Southern Cultivator,’ the, on the effect of the society of negroes on their masters’ children, i., 222, note;
on allowing negroes to cultivate “patches,” 239, note.
- Stage-coach rides in North Carolina, i., 163, 174, 201;
a swindling driver, 163;
cruelty to horses, 175;
unexpected comforts of a piny-wood stage-house, 177;
in Mississippi, ii., 64.
- Stage-house at Fayetteville, described, i., 183.
- Steam-boats: on Cape Fear River, i., 191;
on the Alabama River, 275;
passengers, 276;
wastefulness and joviality of the crew, 281;
description of one on the Red River, 347;
sleeping arrangements, 349;
life of the firemen, 350;
deck-passengers, 350;
a race, 351;
gambling on board, 353.
- Street-fights in Louisiana, ii., 53.
- Steward, negro, on a rice plantation, importance of his office, i., 240;
privileges enjoyed by, 242.
- Subjugation of the South, its alleged impossibility, i., 2.
- Suffering, occasional, different effect of, on the slave and free labourer, ii., 251.
- Sugar plantation, in Louisiana, i., 317;
the owner’s popularity, 318;
mansion and offices, 319;
arrangements for the slaves, 320;
usual expenses of carrying on, 321; ii., 236;
mode of cultivation, i., 323;
planting the cane, 325;
tillage, 327;
grinding the cane, 328;
increased labour in grinding season willingly performed by the slaves, 328;
late improvements in the manufacture, 329.
- Suggestions for improving the condition of the negro, and preparing him for freedom, i., 255.
- Sumner and Brooks, ii., 348.
- Sunday, slave labour on, ii., 47, 181.
- Sweep-seines, the largest in the world, used in the North Carolina fisheries, i., 149.
- “Swell-heads,” ii., 156, 166.
- Task-work general in Georgia and South Carolina, i., 247.
- Texas, its prospect of becoming a Free State, ii., 102;
influence of the Germans, 102, 103.
- Texas, Eastern, route across, i., 359;
a day in the woods, 359;
plantation described, 359;
a sick child, 361;
the emigrant road, 365, 374;
appearance of the emigrants, 365;
the Red Lands, 373;
Christmas serenade, 375;
a planter’s residence, ii., 9;
his comfortless mode of living, 10;
promising sons, 10;
literary dearth, 10;
interest taken in foreign affairs, 11;
domestic servants, 13;
a night, with another planter, 14;
his habits of life, 14, 15;
determination of inhabitants to conceal unfavourable facts, 18;
hatred of Mexicans, 19.
- Texas, South-eastern, district described, ii., 23;
imperfect drainage, 23;
sparsely settled, 24;
not a desirable place of abode, 24.
- Tennessee, North-eastern, contrast between the homes of a slaveholder and a farmer without slaves, ii., 138.
- Tennessee squire, a night with, ii., 128;
his notion of buying Irishmen, 129.
- Tobacco, plantation in Eastern Virginia, i., 88;
reasons for growing, 88;
negroes not able to cultivate the finer sorts, 89; ii., 254;
their mode of payment, i., 98, 140.
- Tobacco-peddling in South Carolina, i., 209.
- Treating in Mississippi, ii., 155.
- Tree-peddler, his catalogue of “curosest trees,” ii., 75.
- Trinity Bottom, ii., 2;
fertility of surrounding lands, 3.
- Turpentine forest, character of slaves employed in, i., 188.
- Umbrellas carried by Alabama Indians on horseback, ii., 38.
- ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin,’ conversation on, i., 345, 354; ii., 135.
- Vicksburgh, ii., 55.
- Virginia, characteristics of the population, i., 39;
association of blacks and whites, 40;
the Public Guard, 41;
rebellion of coloured people in 1801, 42;
mode of living of Virginia gentlemen at home, 89;
treatment of negroes in, 101;
Economy of Virginia, 108;
an Englishman’s impressions on landing in the United States, 108;
apparent indifference to shabby living, 108;
its causes, 108;
difference of means required to procure the same result, 108;
a similar analogy between the North and South, 109;
an exceptional case, 109;
high price paid for skilled labour, 110;
state of the community as a whole, 111;
complaints of scarcity of hands, 111;
the employment of whites in occupations usually performed by slaves distasteful both to master and labourer, 112;
land most valuable, where proportion of slaves to whites is least, 114;
comparative cost of slave and free labour, 117;
advantages of the latter in wages paid, 118;
in freedom from loss by disability, 118;
frequency of feigned illness, 118;
peculiar diseases of negroes, 122;
means of maintaining discipline, 124;
want of the motives to exertion possessed by free labourers, 131;
influence of slave system on the habits of the whole community, 131;
general want of civilized comforts, 137;
waste of natural resources, 138, 143;
rule of make-shift, 138;
exceptional instances, 139;
decay of its agriculture, ii., 303;
mineral wealth, 365;
want of means of education, 371.
- Virginia, Eastern, its resources neglected, i., 8;
poverty of its inhabitants, 10;
description of a ride, 64;
a strange vehicle, 65;
the school-house, 65;
“Old Fields,” 66;
desolate appearance of the country, 66;
a farm-house, 70;
a country “grosery,” 72;
the court-house, 74;
a night at an old plantation with a churlish host, 76;
the “supper-room” and “sitting-room,” 79;
precarious existence of poor white labourers, 81;
the “bed-room,” 84;
the planter’s charge for his “hospitality,” 85;
sparse population, 86;
the meeting-house, 86;
negro quarters, 87;
a tobacco plantation, 88.
- Voyage from Mobile to New Orleans, i., 285.
- Washington, number of visitors at, i., 28;
a boarding-house, 28;
the market-place, 34;
price of land in the neighbourhood, 35;
number of white labourers, 35;
character of the coloured population, 36;
an illegal meeting, 36.
- Watchman, the, on a Carolina plantation, i., 240, 242.
- Water-snakes, numbers of, ii., 24, 29.
- ‘West Feliciana Whig,’ account of slaughter of a runaway, ii., 161.
- Wharves, absence of, on the Southern rivers, ii., 55.
- Whip, constant use of the, ii., 202.
- Whipping, of coloured preachers of the Gospel, i., 226;
of a slave girl, ii., 205.
- Wise, Governor, on the decay of Virginia, ii., 303.
- Whites, some slaves hardly to be distinguished from pure-blooded, ii., 210.
- White’s ‘Statistics of Georgia,’ ii., 385.
- Wilmington (North Carolina), i., 97;
destruction of a building at, because erected by negroes, ii., 98.
- ‘Wilmington Herald,’ quoted, ii., 99, note.
- Witchcraft, belief in, by poor whites, i., 189.
- Women employed in ploughing, ii., 201.
- “Wooding” on Cape Fear River, i., 193.
- Woodville (Mississippi), ii., 148;
dress etiquette, 148;
neighbourhood described, 149;
robberies, 149.
- Yazoo Bottoms, the son of a planter in, ii., 63;
journey with him in Northern Mississippi, 64;
his dislike to babies, 66.
- Yellow Fever, good conduct of negroes at Savannah during its raging, i., 259;
at Natchez, ii., 160.