The dawn in Russia

INDEX

Akinoff, Minister of Justice, 242
Aladin, M., and peasant deputies, 315
Alexander III., system of Russification, 270
Alexandrovsky ironworks, 40;
government ways of industry, 41
Aliens Act, 227
Anarchists, message from, 56;
no paper in Russia, 73;
use of word by Government, 299
Anikin, member of Duma, 339
Annensky, President of Economic Society’s Club, 318
Army, increased pay, 175;
part in national tragedy, 303
Assassination of, Sipiaguine, 2;
Bobrikoff, 6;
Plehve, 6;
Grand Duke Sergius, 13;
Sakharoff, 77;
Voiloshnikoff, 178;
Jeoltanowski, 314

Baku, race feuds at, 16;
journey to, stopped by strike, 129–130
Baltic Provinces, Home Rule for, 74;
revolt in, 78;
shooting, hanging and flogging in, 263–281;
Governor-General accused of mildness, 265;
revolutionary reprisals, 279–280
Barashoff, chairman at Salt Town meeting, 52
Bauman, funeral of, 97
Bielenstein, Pastor, sufferings of, 274–275
Bireleff, Minister of Marine, 242
“Black Hundred,” 21, 33;
incited to murder, 121;
plunder Kieff, 208–209
“Bloody Sunday,” 11, 12;
honour to victims of, 52;
anniversary of, 228–232
Bobrikoff assassinated, 6
Bombardment, of private houses, 139, 140, 159, 162, 164, 176;
of factories, 184–189
Buliguine, Minister of Interior, 14
“Bund,” Jewish, 225, 284;
methods and aims of, 298

Carlyle, on Russia, 54;
on Livonia, 267
Caucasus, Home Rule for the, 74;
fighting in the, 78, 129
Clementz, Professor, 244
Congress, of Peasants at Moscow, 49;
of Constitutional Democrats in St. Petersburg, 313
Constitutional Democrats, 224;
programme in Odessa, 225;
meetings of, in St. Petersburg, 244–247;
policy of, 245;
leaders of, 246–247;
elections of, 311–312;
meeting broken up, 317–318
Cossacks, taunted in streets, 35;
brutal methods of, 38–40, 102, 134–135;
protect Heavenly Powers, 125;
employed with Semenoffsky Guards, 186;
connive at plunder, 208–209;
terror of, 277;
to guard Winter Palace, 319
Council of Empire, 313, 321, 329–332
Cross (Kresty) Prison, 238;
demonstrations from, 327
Courland, revolt in, 78

Davidoff, murder of, 228
Democrats, (see Constitutional), 311;
National, 293, 295;
Progressive, 296
Diedulin, General, Chief of Police, 243
Dubasoff, Admiral, as butcher, 72;
Governor-General of Moscow, 122;
special prayers for, 124;
speech to patriots, 127;
fires on Red Cross, 15;
decrees business to be resumed, 180;
orders boys and girls to be flogged, 194–195;
attempted assassination of, 313
Duma, promised for January, 1906, 15–16;
Zemstvo’s attitude towards, 16;
Constitutionalists’ attitude towards, 245;
preparations for, 224;
reactionary designs on, 245–246;
Poland under, 287;
represented in, 294;
how elected, 303, 306;
date fixed, 310, 313;
elections for, 310, 311, 312;
candidates imprisoned, 311;
Durnovo’s attitude towards, 313;
Government’s precautions about, 316, 317–319;
opening of, 320;
first week of, 332–340
Durnovo, assistant Minister of Interior, 21, 57;
petition to, 103;
confirmed Minister of Interior, 242;
mean tactics of, 313;
resigns, and is rewarded, 313;
in Council of Empire, 318

England, quoted in support of tyranny, 285
English, manufacturers, 142, 182;
hide in cellars, 178;
under fire, 182–189;
Consulates attacked by troops, 209–210;
opinion on Russian revolution, 239
Ermoleff, police officer murders Dr. Vorobieff, 187
Esthonia, revolt in, 78;
prisoners shot in, 238

Fiedler, leader of revolutionists, 138;
house bombarded, 139;
death of, 140
Finance, 306;
Budget of 1906..., 309;
fresh loans and increased taxation, 312
Finland, liberties restored, 21;
Home Rule for, 74;
crossing Gulf of, 248–249;
concessions to, 286;
troops sent into, and withdrawn, 311
Flogging, abolished nominally, 6;
“as before,” 34, 41, 243;
of peasants, 91;
of boys, 193;
of young men and girls, 194–195;
in Livonia, 263–264, 278–279
Free Economic Society, hall in St. Petersburg, 25, 79, 315, 317–318
Fundamental laws, altered to frustrate Duma, 314–315;
criticized, 315;
resolution against, 316;
effect of, 319

Gapon, Father, founds Russian Workmen’s Union, 9–10;
appeals to Tsar, 11–12;
fails to attend meeting, 51–53;
amnesty demanded for, 55;
in hiding, 57;
described, 57–58;
escape of, 59;
reported dead, 313
Georgians, reported independence of, 129
German landowners, 270–274;
pastors, 274–276
Germany, dislike of, 295
Goethe, on the birth of a new age, 327
Golitzin, 331
Goremykin, new Premier, 313, 315, 331.
See Ministers.
Gorky, Maxim, edits New Life, 65–66;
explains revolution, 115–116;
his play, The Children of the Sun, performed, 116, 117;
his heroes, 118;
sombreness of, 269
Government, tactics of, 138, 167, 168, 301–306;
methods of business and of warfare, 231;
methods of justice, 233–234;
position of, 301-302;
loans to, 306, 310, 312
Gramen, shot for making bombs, 300

“Houses of Inquiry,” 233–236

Ignatieff, 331
“Intelligence,” The, definition of party, 9;
despised by Socialists, 297
Isvolsky, Minister at Danish Court, recalled, 315
Ivan the Cruel, 126

Japan, War with, 2, 3, 4;
peace with, 18;
effect of war on Poland, 288–289
Jeoltanowski, General, assassinated 314
Jews, massacre of, 3;
newspapers of, 68;
“Black Hundred,” to murder, 121;
arrested at Kieff, 210;
laws against, 225–227;
“Bund,” 225, 284, 298;
in Warsaw, 294;
classed as Anarchists, 299
Jewesses, courage of, 300
Journalists, beaten by soldiers, 188;
shot in batches, 238;
reactionary chorus of, 304, 306

Kaufman, Minister of Education, 315
Kempski, Edmund, tortured, 311
Khroustoloff, president of Strike Committee, 27, 28;
arrested, 77;
in prison, 237
Kieff, journey to, 203;
description of, 203–208;
Jews arrested at, 210;
revolutionists shot, 210;
prison fever, 210–211;
meeting at, 211;
wealth of, 211
Kishineff, massacre of Jews at, 3
Kokovtsoff, negotiates loans, 202, 312
Königsberg, case, 5
“Koulak,” a village usurer, 87
Kremlin, floating in blood, 72;
by moonlight, 119
Krasnaya (Red Square), prayer meeting in, 123
Krivoy Rog, trade with Siberia, 289
Kronstadt, visit to, 249;
Father John of, 249–255;
mutiny at, 303
Kropotkin, Prince, writer on Russian struggle for freedom, 2;
quoted by Tolstoy, 93;
quoted, 103
“Kursistki,” 257

Lavra, at Kieff, 204
Letts, revolt of, 78;
butchery of, 262–281;
language, music, and literature of, 267;
homes of, 268–269;
Russification of, 270;
drive out landowners, 270–273;
strange union with Germans, 273–274;
hiding from Cossacks, 277;
sentenced by telephone, 278
Livonia, revolt in, 78;
“Bloody Assize” in, 262–280
Lodz, trade of, 288

Manifestoes (Imperial), promising revision of laws, 7, 8;
appealing to people, 13;
promising Duma, 15;
announcing peace with Japan, 18;
promising personal freedom and constitution (Manifesto of Oct. 30th), 19, 20, 120;
restoring ancient liberties of Finland, 21;
withdrawing promised reforms, 22;
reducing peasants’ payments for land, 22;
peasants’ opinion of, 90;
making strikes a capital offence, 103;
promising army reforms, 201;
reorganizing old Council and limiting the power of Duma, 310;
worthlessness of, 243
Manifestoes (Revolutionary), on Government finance, 78;
accepting Government’s challenge, 80;
of strike committee to St. Petersburg citizens, 229
Manifesto of Oct. 30th violated, 310, 315, 316
Manioukoff, Rector of Moscow University, 108
Martial law, in Poland, 22;
in Moscow, 153–154;
at Kieff, 203;
in St. Petersburg, 317
“Marseillaise,” Russian, 30, 35
Massacres, at Kishineff, 3;
before Winter Palace, 12;
in streets of Warsaw, 13, 299–300;
at Toula, 81;
at Odessa, 216–220;
in Livonia, 262–281
“Maxim,” socialist leader, 272
Meetings, to discuss eight hours’ day, 28;
to protest against capital punishment, 31;
of Poles to demand overthrow of absolutism, 35;
at Salt Town, 50–57;
interest in, 62–63;
collections at, 104;
of National Democrats in Warsaw, 293–294;
of Economical Society, dispersed by police, 315, 317–318
Miliukoff, historian of freedom, 2;
editor of Zhisn (Life), 111;
leader of Constitutionalists, 246–247;
great speech by, 315
Min, Colonel, as slaughterman, 183–186
Ministers, Committee of, 241–242
Ministers (New), 313, 315
Minsky, poet and editor, 66
Mirski, Prince Sviatopolk, Minister of Interior and reformer, 6
Mischenko expected with 7000 Cossacks, 175
Molva (The Russ), 68;
publishes horrors, 311;
appeals to France, and is suppressed, 312
Moscow, centre of revolution, 80;
description of, 104, 107;
strikes in, 101–104;
Trade Unions in, 105–107;
University closed, 108;
Tsar’s portrait removed at meet-in, 109;
“liberty tempered by assassination” in, 118, 122;
terror in, 121;
fortified, 122;
prayer meeting in Red Square, 123;
stampede of patriots in, 128;
revolutionary days in, 129–197;
light and water cut off, 132;
attempt to win over troops, 134;
shops closed, 135;
garrison distrusted, 136;
bombardment of houses, 139–140;
English factories near, 142–143;
barricades and street-fighting, 145–168, 174;
girls shot down, 149, 150;
Zemstvo organizes ambulance, 150;
aid to the wounded, 152, 175;
Sharpshooters in bell-tower, 153, 161;
“a minor state of siege,” 154;
Christmas Eve rumours, 155;
explosion in gun-shop, 156;
victims, old and young, 160;
officer deprived of sword, 169;
new barricades, 174;
panic, 175;
official estimate of killed and wounded in, 176;
execution in street of, 177;
after bombardment, 179;
estimate of damage in, 181;
struggle for freedom in Presna district, 182–189;
horrors of suppression, 188–195, 240;
Christmas celebration in, 195–197;
lesson of, 203;
prisoners shot in batches, 238;
bank robbed, 311
Mutiny, at Toula, 2;
Odessa, 14, 302;
Baku, 16;
Kronstadt, 22, 302;
Sevastopol, 49, 302, 310;
Kieff, 211

Neidhart, Governor-General in Odessa, 216
Nemeschaeff, Minister of Communications, 241
Newspapers, revolutionary, 64–69, 311, 312;
reactionary, 69–70;
satiric, 71–73;
artistic merit of, 71;
wholesale suppression of, 80, 215, 311;
Russian News joins Progressive party, 104, 111;
unpopularity of Moscow News, 106
“Noblemen’s Assembly,” State Council in, 330

Obolensky, Procurator of Holy Synod, 242
Odessa, rejoices at Manifesto of Oct. 30th, 215;
and buries freedom, 216;
massacres Jews, 216–220;
country near, 217;
Jewish obstinacy and misery, 220–221;
docks burned in, 222;
poverty in, 223;
political parties in, 224;
Jewish “Bund” at, 225;
restrictions on Jews, 226;
electors intimidated, 311
Orloff, General, represses Baltic Provinces, 264–265, 276

Parties of Reform and Revolution, 73–77;
in Odessa, 224;
in Poland, 293–294
Peasants, congress of, 49;
descriptions of, 33;
hardships of, 87;
home of, 88;
charity of, 90;
camping in railway-station, 131;
of Little Russia, 212–214;
in Baltic provinces, 262–281;
in Poland, 289–291;
deputies in St. Petersburg, 315;
Parliamentary Party of, 316;
in Winter Palace, 321–322;
in Duma, 337–339
Petersburg, St., general strike in, 228;
prepared for massacre, 229;
manifesto to citizens of, 229;
wholesale arrests in, 233, 238;
fortress-prison in, 237;
Kresty (Cross) prison in, 238, 326;
Constitutional Democrats in, 244, 315, 318;
revolutionary concert in, 255;
Poles in, 282;
opening of Duma in, 319
Peterhof, Tsar and family at, 316
Petrunkevitch, leader of Zemstvoists, 246;
speech in Duma, 327
Plehve, Minister of Interior, 3;
assassination of, 6;
his policy towards workers, 43
Pleske, Minister of Finance, 3
Pobiedonostzeff, resignation of, 21;
keeper of Russia’s Orthodoxy, 242, 331
Poland, demands Home Rule, 74, 295;
position under Duma, 287;
trade losses in, 288;
strikes in, 289;
price of land, rents, wages, population and education in, 290–291;
Jews in, 294;
Russian garrison in, 292;
Political Parties in, 292–300;
prejudices against Germany in, 295
Poles, dissensions among, 75, 282;
disliked by Little Russians, 206–207;
high official’s opinion of, 283–287;
peasant life among, 288–290;
cruelty of, 291;
“learning to vote,” 294;
number in Duma, 294
Police, activity of, 33, 34;
danger from, 82;
house of secret, 54;
in disguise, 167–168;
execution of chief of secret, 177–178;
Diedulin, chief of, 243;
break up meetings of Constitutionalists, 315, 318
Politicals, treatment of, 233–243;
wholesale massacre of, 240;
in exile, 243;
in Warsaw, 299–300;
rescue of, 312;
amnesty demanded for, 325–327, 339
Potemkin, lover of Catherine II., 327
Potemkin, mutiny on board the, 221
Poverty, in St. Petersburg, 37–48;
in Little Russia, 212–214;
in Odessa, 223
Presna or Presnensky, manufacturing district, 182;
revolution in, 183;
bombardment of and slaughter in, 183–190;
estimates of killed and wounded in, 190–191;
methods of execution in, 191–193
Press, brief freedom of, 64–74.
See Newspapers.
Prison, life of “political” in, 235;
fortress of St. Peter and St. Paul, 237;
Kresty (Cross), 238;
greetings to deputies from, 326;
estimate of numbers in, 238
Punch, cartoon blacked out, 34

Redigers, Minister of War, 242
Revolutionists, hesitation among, 136–137;
bombarded, 139–140;
arrested and shot, 141;
numbers estimated, 141–142;
plan of action in Moscow, 145–147, 163;
loot gun-shop, 156–157;
private ambulance of, 158;
sledge-drivers refuse aid to, 159;
deprive officer of sword, 169;
confiscate photographs, 171;
passive bravery of, 172;
last stand of, 174;
call for volunteers, 175;
girl leader of, 183;
tear up railway-line, 183;
slaughter of in Presnensky district, 183–194;
women among, 199, 308;
“dress rehearsal” of, 198;
union among, 199, 308;
propaganda in army of, 200, 298–299;
need of money among, 201;
shot at Kieff, 210;
concert given for, 255–261;
butchered in Baltic provinces, 262–281;
persistence of, 308
Riga, revolt in, 78
Riots, in Moscow, 2, 112;
of students, 7;
in Poland, 13, 14;
in Kieff, Warsaw, and Odessa, 21
Roditcheff, member of Duma, 339
Rostoff regiment, mutiny in, 101;
proves its loyalty, 186
Russians, intelligence of, 69;
home-life of nobility, 85–86;
peasant life of, 87;
democratic qualities of, 256–267;
poverty among, 212–214;
misery of, 307;
persistence of, 308

Sakharoff, Minister of War, assassinated, 77
“Salt Town,” meetings at, 50, 51
Sassoulitch, Vera, as journalist, 67;
last “political” tried by jury, 233
Saratoff, peasant member for, 339
Schlüsselberg, description of road to, 37, 230;
prison turned into mint, 239–240
Schmidt, Lieutenant, leader of Sevastopol mutiny, 49;
sentenced to be hanged, 310;
shot, 311;
body dug up and thrown into sea, 312
Schwanebach, Imperial Comptroller, 315
Semenoffsky Guards, employed in massacres with Cossacks, 186;
distinguished by their zeal, 194;
chosen to guard Winter Palace, 316
Sergius, Grand Duke, assassinated, 13;
place of his death, 124
Sharpshooters in bell-tower of Strastnoi Convent, 153, 161
Shipoff, Minister of Finance, 241, 309
Siberia, still used for exiles, 243;
Polish trade with, 288, 289
Sieczka, Vincentz, tortured, 311
Sipiaguine, Minister of Interior, assassinated, 2
Skallon, Governor-General in Warsaw, tries to seduce revolutionists, 300
Sobolevski, editor of Russian News, 111
Social Democrats, minimum programme of, 3;
unbending attitude of, 4, 59;
organ of, 65;
strength of, 73;
young girls among, 76;
compared with Government, 231;
in Poland, 296–298
Social Revolutionists, 74;
member shoots Sakharoff, 77
Soldiers, return from war with Japan, 97–100, 307;
how treated as reservists, 99–101;
refuse to kill work-people, 2;
mutiny, 101;
propaganda among, 200, 298–299
Sollogub, Governor-General in Baltic provinces, reproached for mildness, 265
Soskice, David, translator and lecturer, 246
Spies, at teachers’ conference, 53;
post and telegraph clerk protest against, 53–54;
use of, 138
Spiridinova, Marie, tortured, outraged, avenged, 311
Stcheglovitoff, Minister of Justice, 315
Stepniak, supporter of Russian freedom, 2, 48
Stishinsky, Minister of Agriculture, 315
Stolypin, Minister of Interior, 315
Strastnoi bell-tower, sharpshooters placed in, 153, 161
Strikes, on railways, 18;
throughout Russia, 19;
in sympathy with Poland, 22;
failure of second general strike, 23;
result in factory villages, 38;
under Russian laws, 43;
as agents of abstinence, 47;
of post and telegraph service, 49, 60, 61, 81, 114;
in St. Petersburgh and Moscow, 101, 103, 132, 314;
fund seized by Government, 104;
on railway, 130;
meeting at Aquarium, dispersed by troops and police, 136–138;
effect on trade, 289;
power of, 302;
in Poland, Kieff, Moscow, and St. Petersburg, 314
Strikes (Central Committee of), distrusts Imperial manifestoes, 20–21;
calls for military organization, 24;
meets in Hall of Free Economics, 25–36;
orders withdrawal of money from savings-banks, 77;
President of, arrested, 78;
members of, arrested, 80;
new Council and Executive appointed, 80;
manifesto to citizens, 229
Strikers, attack mail-cart, 101;
dispersed, 102;
demands of, 112;
condemned by Novoe Vremya, 114;
meet in Moscow Aquarium, 136;
passive resistance of, 229–230
Struve, editor of Emancipation, 246
Sumsky Dragoons, brutality of, 193
Suvorin, editor of Novoe Vremya, his son among revolutionists, 68
Sytin Printing Works destroyed by Government, 181

Taurida Palace, given up to Duma, 327;
guarded, 332
Times, Tolstoy’s protest in, 4;
statistics quoted from, 240;
financial figures quoted from, 309–310
Tolstoy, Demitri, Minister of Education, 241
Tolstoy, Leo, protests against war with Japan, 4;
position among revolutionists of, 56;
visit to, 91–96
Torture of prisoners, 192–195, 311
Toula, mutiny at, 2;
typical town, 81
Trepoff, first Governor-General of St. Petersburg, 13;
assistant Minister of Interior and Chief of Police, 14;
dismissal demanded, 21;
resigns, 22;
regretted, 33;
caricatured, 72;
connected with Odessa massacres, 233;
Master of Ceremonies, 319–320
Trepoff (the Elder), attempted assassination of, 233
Troubetzkoy, Prince Sergius, President of Moscow Zemstvo, inspires reform, 7, 246–248;
sudden death of, 17;
regretted, 110
Tsar, flees to Tsarkoe Selo, 13;
promises reforms, 15, 19, 21, 22;
withdraws promises, 22, 80, 103, 120, 121, 215;
as forester, 213;
builds palace for ex-mistress, 238;
pleasant myths about, 243;
meditates new Peace Conference, 308;
issues Ukase on Fundamental Laws, 314;
leaves Tsarskoe Selo for Peterhof, 316;
enters St. Petersburg by river, 319;
sprinkled with holy water, 323;
reads address in Winter Palace, 325;
flees back to Peterhof, 329

Unions, Trade, 104, 107

Vistula, dead bodies in, 300
“Vladimir’s Day,” or “Bloody Sunday,” 12, 319
Voiloshnikoff, chief of secret police, “executed,” 177–178
Vorobieff, Dr., murder of, 187

War, return of soldiers from, 97–100, 131;
effect on Poland, 288–289
Warsaw, trade of, 288;
political parties in, 293–299;
prisoners in, 299–300;
Governor-General’s offer to revolutionary Jewesses, 300
Winter Palace, massacre before, 11, 12;
how guarded, 319;
brilliant assembly in, 321–327
Witte, President of Committee of Ministers, 3, 241;
deputation to, 18;
replies, 19;
distrusted by Liberals, 22;
fatherly appeal to workers, 22;
caricatured, 72;
leaders of finance petition to, 103;
character discussed, 110;
whining of, 202, 241;
afraid of Constitutional Democrats, 244;
his affectation of liberalism, 308;
resigns, 313;
his removal makes Duma possible, 318;
in Council of Empire, 331
Workmen, demand universal sufferage, 18, 19;
dress of, 26;
patience of, 28;
first council of delegates, 37;
homes of, 38–48;
locked out, 40;
hours of labour, 42;
wages, 44;
standard of food and work, 45, 114;
amusements of, 47;
connection with land, 48;
shot down, 81;
equality of their women, 26;
their unions in Moscow, 105;
“living in,” 113;
wages increased, 114;
quarters in order, 232;
growing importance of, 288;
in Poland, 289;
their candidates for Duma imprisoned, 311;
only fifteen in Duma, 337

Zemstvos, recommend reforms, 2;
send petition of Rights, 7
Zemstvoists, meet in secret, 6;
discuss promised Duma, 16;
draw up programme of political aims, 16–17;
debate Witte’s character, and vanish, 110
Zilliacus, writer on struggle for Russian freedom, 2

About This Book

INDEX