The evolution of the steam locomotive (1803 to 1898)

[N.B.—The letters  B.G. denote
a Broad-Gauge locomotive.]

• A
• Adams, Bridges, combination engines and carriages, 130, 133
• Adams, Bridges, radial axle-boxes, 209
• Adams, Bridges, system of intermediate driving shafts, 133
• Adams, Bridges, spring tyres, 211
• Adams, W., engines for the N.L. Ry., 226
• Adams, W., engines for the L. & S.W. Ry., 272
• “Æolus,” B.G., 71
• “Agenoria,” 27
• “Agilis,” with double flanged wheels, 86
• “Ajax,” B.G., 73, 75
• “Albion” on the “Cambrian system”, 125
• Allan claims to have introduced “back-coupled” engines, 97;
• link motion, 97
• American engines for the Birmingham & Gloucester Railway, 87
• “Apollo,” B.G., 72
• “Areo-steam” engines, 234
• “Ariel,” B.G., 75
• “Armstrong” class, G.W.R., 297
• Aspinall, J. A. F., locomotives for the Lancashire &
• Yorkshire Railway, 280
• Aston, W., engines for the Cambrian Railways, 264
• “Atlas,” B.G., 75
• “Atlas,” M. & S.R., 110
• B
• “Bacchus,” B.G., 72
• Back-coupled engines by Allan, 97
• Balanced locomotives, 84
• Beattie’s engines, 162, 169
• (coal-burning), 185, 194, 203, 207, 226, 231, 240
• Belfast & Northern Counties Railway engines, 316
• Beyer’s single iron plate frames, 97
• Beyer’s “Atlas,” for the M. & S.R., 110
• Billinton, R. J., engines for L.B. & S.C.R., 260
• Birmingham & Gloucester Ry., American engines on, 87
• Birmingham & Gloucester Ry., McConnell’s engine for, 102
• “Black Prince,” L. & N.W.R., 247
• Blackett, Hedley, and Hackworth construct an engine, 10
• Blenkinsopp’s, J., engine, 5
• “Blucher”, 14
• “Boat engines,” B.G., 73
• Bodmer’s reciprocating engines, 100
• Bogie tenders, 241, 277, 310
• Bogie engines (early), 56, 173
• Braithwaite & Ericsson’s “Novelty”, 30
• Braithwaite & Ericsson’s “William the IV.” and “Queen Adelaide”, 46
• Bristol & Exeter Ry. locomotives, B.G., 173
• Broad-gauge engines (see G.W. & Bristol & Exeter Railways)
• “Brougham,” S. & D.R., 206
• Brunel, I. K., and broad-guage locomotives, 67, 75;
• Vale of Neath Ry., 39
• (See also Great Western Railway engines)
• Brunton’s “leg-propelled” engine, 7
• “Bull Dog,” G.W.R., 302
• Burnett’s tanks for the M. & S.J.W.R., 233
• Bury, Edward, inventor of the inside cylinder locomotive, 40
• Bury, his first “Liverpool”, 40
• Bury, Authentic list of his first engines, 43
• Bury, Contractor to the London & Birmingham Ry., 82
• Bury, Engines on the Furness Ry., 123, 179
• Bury, Extract from the Minute books of the L. & M.R.
• relating to the “Liverpool”, 42
• Bury, “Liver,” for the L. & M.R., 52
• Bury, “Meteor,” N. & C.R., 62
• C
• Cambrian locomotive system, 125
• Caledonian Ry.:—Engine “No. 15,” 152;
• 8ft. 2in. “single,” 207;
• modern, 285 to 292
• “Caledonian,” L. & M.R., 54
• Canterbury & Whitstable Railway, 44
• Cambrian Railways engines, 209, 264
• “Canute,” an early coal-burning engine, 186
• Chapman’s chain locomotive, 6
• “Charles Dickens,” L. & N.W.R., 239
• Clark’s smoke-consuming engines, 191
• Coal-burning locomotives, 64;
• Chanter’s system, 84;
• Dewrance’s, 102;
• London & North Western, 167;
• Beattie, 185;
• Yorston, 188;
• Cudworth, 189;
• Yarrow, 190;
• Clark, 191;
• Wilson, 191;
• Lee and Jacques, 192;
• Sinclair, 192;
• Douglas or Frodsham, 192
• Coey, R., engines for the G.S. & W.R., 319
• Cork & Muskerry Light Railway, 319
• Combined engines and carriages, 130, 136, 224
• “Comet,” Newcastle & Carlisle Railway, 60
• Compound locomotives, 169, 242, 249, 316
• Compressed air locomotive, 169
• “Cornwall,” 119
• Cork & Bandon Ry., Adams’ light engines on, 140
• “Caithness,” L. & N.W.R., 205
• Cowan, W., goods engine, 225
• Cowlairs incline, 98;
• rope traction on, 100
• Crampton, T. R., locomotives, 75;
• on the 10ft.-wheel. B.G., 112, 145, 159, 203
• Crewe Works erected, 97
• Cudworth, I., coal-burning engines, 189
• Cudworth, coal-burning engines, 189
• “Cycloped” horse locomotive, 38
• Cylinder valves, fitted to Roberts’s “Experiment”, 57
• D
• Davis & Metcalfe’s exhaust steam injector, 302
• Dean, W., locomotives for the Great Western Ry., 294
• “Devonshire” class, G.W.R., 297
• Disc wheels, 74, 75
• Dodd’s engines for the Monkland and Kirkintilloch Ry., 50
• Douglas, coal-burning engine, 192
• Drummond, D., engines for the L. & S.W.R., 276
• Drummond, D., engines for the Caledonian Ry., 288
• “Dunalastair,” Cal. Ry., 285
• Dundee & Newtyle Ry. engines, 57
• “Duplex,” a two-boiler engine, 158
• E
• Eastern Counties Ry., Hancock’s locomotive for, 86;
• “Essex,” 111;
• compressed air engine, 169;
• coal-burning, 192;
• Sinclair’s engines, 195;
• (See also, G.E.R.)
• “Eclipse,” Dr. Church’s tank engine, 62
• Eight-wheels-coupled engines, early, 195
• Eight-wheels-coupled engines, Webb’s, 246
• Eight-wheel rolling stock, the first, 46
• “Enfield,” combined engine and carriage, 133
• England’s “Little England” locomotives, 141
• “Essex,” E.C.R., 111
• Exhaust steam blast (see Hackworth)
• Exhaust steam injector (Davies & Metcalfe’s patent), 302
• “Experiment” engine for the L. & M.R., 56
• “Experiment,” L. & N.W.R., 243
• F
• “Fairfield” combined engine and carriage, B.G., 131, 133
• Fairlie’s “double-bogie” engines, 224, 234
• Festiniog Railway, Fairlie’s engines on, 223
• Fell’s steep gradient engines, 219
• Fletcher’s 4-wheel tank engine, 201
• “Folkestone,” a Crampton engine for the S.E.R., 159
• Four-cylinder engines, L. & N.W. Railway, 248
• Four-cylinder engines, S.W.R., 276
• Fowler, Sir J., “hot-brick” engine, 200, 217
• French locomotive on the Eastern Counties Ry., 195, 207
• Furness Ry. engines, 123, 179, 236, 312
• “Fury” and “Firefly” classes, G.W.R., B.G., 90
• G
• Galloway’s incline climbing experiments, 109
• Gauge locomotive experiments, 105
• Geared-up engines, B.G., 77, 79, 147
• Giffard’s injector, 197
• “Gladstone” class, L.B. & S.C. Railway, 252
• Glasgow & South Western Ry. locomotives, 241
• “Globe,” the first engine with a steam dome, 47
• “Goliath,” Newcastle & Carlisle Railway, 61
• Gooch, Daniel (see G.W.R.)
• Gooch, J. V., engines by, 161, 162
• Grand Junction Ry., opening, 64
• Grand Junction Ry. early locomotives, 64
• “Grasshopper,” B.G., 73
• Gray’s expansion gear, 93
• “Great Britain,” M’Connell’s, 102
• “Greater Britain,” L. & N.W.R., 245
• Great Central Ry., Pollitt’s engines for, 316
• Great Eastern Ry., locomotives
• (see also Eastern Counties Ry.), 206, 217, 249, 255 to 259
• Great Northern Railway engine, “215”, 171
• Great Northern Ry. engines, 171, 216, 236, 303 to 309
• Great North of Scotland Ry. engines, 225, 309 to 311
• Great Northern (Ireland) Ry. engine, 318
• Great Southern & Western Ry., 319
• “Great Western,” B.G., 106
• Great Western Ry. locomotives, the original, 66;
• first trial of, 69;
• table of dimensions, 70;
• the 10ft. wheel engines, 73, 76;
• geared-up engines, 77, 79;
• table of mileage of original engines, 81;
• Gooch’s first engines, 90;
• first engine built at Swindon, 105;
• “Great Western,” 106;
• trial trips, 107, 108;
• Galloway’s engine, 109;
• “Iron Duke,” 113;
• first narrow-gauge engines, 182;
• “Robin Hood,” 184;
• Metropolitan Ry., engines for, 213;
• Dean’s designs, 294 to 303;
• “Grosvenor,” L.B. & S.C.R., 242
• H
• Hackworth, Timothy, first engine, 10
• Hackworth, Timothy, and the Stockton and Darlington Ry.
• locomotives, 21
• Hackworth, Timothy, “Royal George,” 24
• Hackworth, Timothy, “Sanspareil,” 32
• Hackworth, Timothy, and the exhaust steam blast, 24;
• the secret stolen at Rainhill, 33
• Hackworth, Timothy, “Globe” for the S. & D.R., 47
• Hackworth, Timothy, “Majestic” and Wilberforce “classes”
• for the S. & D.R., 52, 53
• Hackworth, Timothy, trunk or ram engine, 61;
• “Arrow,” 61
• Hackworth, Timothy, builds “Jenny Linds,” 104
• Hackworth, Timothy, “Sanspareil 2,” 149;
• challenge to R. Stephenson concerning, 150
• Harrison’s patent engines, B.G., 76
• “Harvey Combe” ballast engine, 60
• Hancock’s engine for the Eastern Counties Ry., 86
• Haigh Foundry engines, B.G., 79
• “Hawthorn,” 157
• Hawthorne’s engines, 52, 59, 156
• Hedley (see Blackett), 10
• Highland Railway locomotives, 316
• Historical locomotives sold by auction, 51
• Holden, J., liquid fuel locomotives, 254, 316
• Holden, J., engines for the G.E.R., 253
• Holmes, M., engines for the N.B.R., 253, 277
• “Hot-brick” locomotive, Fowler’s, for Met. Ry., 200, 217
• Howe and the “link” motion, 96;
• 3-cylinder engine, 105
• “Hundred miles an hour!” B.G., 79
• Hurricane 10ft. wheel engine, B.G., 76, 79
• I
• Injector, Gilford’s invention of, 197
• “Iron Duke” B.G., 113
• Inside cylinder locomotive, “Liverpool,” the first, 40
• Inside cylinder locomotive—extract from the minute books
• of the L. & M.R. relating to same, 42
• “Inspector,” L.B. & S.C.R., 261
• International Exhibition, 1851, locomotives at, 156
• “Invicta,” Canterbury & Whitstable Ry., 44
• Ivatt, H. A., engines for the G.N.R., 303 to 309
• J
• “Jason,” B.G., Gooch’s first goods engine, 92
• James and the link motion, 96
• “Jenny Lind” engines, 104, 115
• “Jenny Sharps,” 116
• “Jinks’s Babies,” 234
• Johnson, S. W., engines for the Midland Ry., 250
• K
• Kirtley, W., engines for the L.C. & D.R., 262
• Kendall, W., 3-cylinder engine, 231
• Kennedy’s, James, testimony regarding the first
• inside cylinder locomotive, 42
• L
• “Lablache,” 124
• “Lambro,” 95
• Lancashire & Yorkshire Ry. engines, 234, 280
• L.B. & S.C.R. locomotives, 240, 242, 252, 260
• L.C. & D.R. locomotives, 203, 262
• “Light locomotives,” Samuels’ 130;
• Adams’, 139;
• England’s, 141
• Liquid fuel locomotives, 253, 285
• “Little Wonder,” Festiniog Ry., 224
• “Little England”, 141
• “Little Wonder,” Samuels’ combined engine and carriage, 130
• “Liverpool,” Crampton’s engine for the L. & N.W.R., 145
• “Link” Motion, 96; Allan’s 97
• “Liver,” Bury’s, for L. & M.R., 52
• “Liverpool,” the first engine with inside cylinders
• and crank axles, 40
• “Liverpool,” description of, 44
• Liverpool & Manchester Ry.,
• early locomotives on, 45, 46, 50, 52, 85
• Liverpool & Manchester Ry., opening of, 46
• Liverpool & Manchester Ry.,
• 8-wheel passenger carriage at opening, 46
• Liverpool & Manchester Ry., Rainhill contest, 28;
• the competitors, 30
• “Locomotion,” S. & D.R., 20
• London & Birmingham Ry., opening, 82;
• Bury’s engines for, 82
• London, Brighton & S.C.R., Bodmer’s engine on, 101
• “Long boiler” engines, 94, 103, 111, 122, 137
• London, Brighton & S.C. Ry., “Jenny Linds”, 116
• “London,” Crampton’s engine for the L. & N.W.R., 113
• “Lord of the Isles,” B.G., 115
• L. & S.W.R. locomotives, 162, 169, 187, 194, 202,
• 207, 226, 231, 240, 272
• L. & N.W.R. locomotives, 163, 122, 153, 155, 205,
• 238, 239, 243, 281
• (See also London & Birmingham Ry.)
• M
• “Magnet,” S. & D.R., 54
• “Majestic” class, S. & D.R., 52
• Malcolm, B., engines for the Belfast & Northern Counties Ry., 316
• Manson, engines for the G.N. of S. Ry., 309
• “Mars,” B.G., 73
• McConnell’s “Great Britain,” 102;
• counterbalancing experiments, 122;
• “most powerful N.G. engine,” 122;
• “Mac’s Mangle,” 153;
• “Bloomer’s,” 155;
• “300,” 163;
• “Caithness,” 205
• McIntosh, J. F., locomotives for the Caledonian Ry., 286
• Metropolitan Ry., hot-brick engine for, 200;
• B.G. engines on, 213;
• first engines, 214
• “Meteor,” L. & S.W.R., 203
• “Meteor,” Bury’s, for the N. & C. Ry., 62
• Metallic piston packing, first used, 51
• “Michael Longridge,” for the S. & D. Ry., 64
• Midland Ry., trials of “Jenny Sharps”
• and “Jenny Linds” on, 116 to 118
• Midland Ry., Johnson’s engines, 250
• Monkland & Kirkintilloch Ry., first engines on the, 50
• Murray’s, M., engine [see Blenkinsopp], 5
• N
• “Namur,” on Crampton’s system, 112
• Narrow-gauge engines on the G.W.R., the first, 182
• Neilson’s type of goods engine, 180
• Newcastle & Carlisle Ry., opening of, 59
• Newcastle & Carlisle Ry., “Goliath” locomotive, 61
• Newcastle  &  Carlisle  Ry., “Atlas” locomotive, 61
• Newcastle  &  Carlisle  Ry., “Tyne” locomotive, 61
• Newcastle & Carlisle  Ry., “Eden” locomotive, 62
• Newcastle & Carlisle  Ry., “Meteor” locomotive, 62
• Norfolk Ry., light engines on, 140
• North British Ry. engines, 253, 276
• North Eastern Ry. locomotives, 249, 252
• North London Ry. engines, 191, 226, 230
• “No. 266,” G.N.R., 308
• “No. 990,” G.N.R., 306
• “Nunthorpe,” S. & D.R., 193
• O
• “Old Coppernob,” Furness Ry., the oldest engine now at work, 123
• Opening of the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway, 44
• Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Ry., 46
• Opening of the Stockton & Darlington Ry., 47
• Opening of the Newcastle & Carlisle Ry., 59
• Opening of the Grand Junction Railway, 64
• Opening of the Great Western Ry., 72
• Opening of the London & Birmingham Ry., 82
• Opening of the London & Southampton Ry., 85
• Opening of the East Kent Ry., 195
• Opening of the Metropolitan Ry., B.G., 213
• Opening of the Metropolitan & St. John’s Wood Ry., 233
• P
• Pambour, on the early L. & M. Ry. engines, 50
• Pasey’s compressed air locomotive, 169
• “Patentee,” Stephenson’s 6-wheel passenger engine
• for the L. & M.R., 59
• Paton’s Cowlairs Incline engine, 98
• Pearson’s design for a double tank locomotive, 147;
• 9ft. singles, 173
• Pettigrew, W., engines for the Furness Ry., 315
• “Perseverance,” at Rainhill, 37
• “Planet,” L. & M. Ry., 49
• “Plews,” Y.N & B.R., 144
• Pollitt, H., engines for the Great Central Ry., 316
• “Precedent” type, L. & N.W.R., 238
• “Precursor” type, L. & N.W.R., 239
• “Pretolea,” G.E.R., 255
• “Premier,” B.G., 105
• “Problem,” L. & N.W.R., first engine fitted with the injector, 197
• Pryce, H. J., engines for the N.L.R., 230
• “Puffing Billy”, 12
• “Python,” L. & S.W.R., 231
• Q
• “Queen Empress,” L. & N.W.R., 246
• R
• Rainhill locomotive contest, “Cycloped” at the, 38
• Rainhill locomotive contest, Manumotive carriages at the, 38
• Rainhill locomotive contest, “Perseverance” at the, 37
• Rainhill locomotive contest, “Rocket” at the, 35
• Rainhill locomotive contest: “Sanspareil” at the, 33
• Rainhill locomotive contest, “Novelty” at the, 30
• Ramsbottom’s water pick-up apparatus, 198
• “Red Star,” B.G., 136
• Rennie’s “Lambro,” 95
• Ritchie’s design for a locomotive, 148
• Roberts’s “Experiment,” L. & M.R., with cylinder valves, 56
• Robertson’s steam brake, 97
• “Rocket,” at Rainhill, 35;
• later history, 37
• “Rocket,” Colburn’s opinion of her, 36
• “Rocket,” her tubular boiler invented by Booth, 36
• “Rocket,” awarded the Rainhill prize, 36
• Russia, Hackworth’a trunk engine, the first locomotive in, 61
• “Royal George,” first financially successful locomotive, 23
• “Royal William”, 19
• S
• Samuels’ “Little Wonder,” 130
• “Sanspareil,” at Rainhill, 33;
• later history, 34
• “Sanspareil 2,” 149
• Sheffield & Manchester Ry., Bodmer’s engines on, 100, 101
• Sheffield & Manchester Ry., “Atlas,” 110
• Short-stroke engines, 60, 61
• Sinclair’s smoke-consuming engines, 192;
• “singles,” 206;
• tanks, 217
• “Snake,” 122
• Steam organ, fitted to the “Tyne,” 62
• Steam tenders, 217
• Steam blast (see also Hackworth), 24
• Stephenson, Geo., & Hackworth, 11, 21, 25, 33
• Stephenson’s engines: first, 14;
• second, 15;
• third, 16;
• later types, 26, 27, 35, 43, 46, 49, 50, 51, 56, 59, 60, 64;
• long boiler, 103;
• 3-cylinder, 105;
• “A,” 105;
• “White Horse of Kent,” 111;
• double engine, 194
• Stephenson’s, Robt., valve gear, 94;
• link motion, 96
• Stephenson’s, Robt., challenge to, re “Sanspareil 2,” 150
• Stewart., W., early locomotives by, 13
• Stirling, P., 8ft. 1in. “singles” for the G.N.R., 236
• Stirling, J., design for the G. & S.W.R., 241
• Stirling, J., reversing apparatus, 241
• Stirling, J., locomotives for the S.E.R., 266
• Stockton & Darlington Ry., opening of, 20
• Stockton and Darlington Railway, “Royal George,” 23
• Stockton & Darlington Ry. locomotives, 22, 27, 47, 52, 53,
• 54, 61, 64, 65, 193, 206, 234
• Stroudley’s engines for the L.B. & S.C.R., 242, 252
• Sturrock, Archibald, apprenticed, 58;
• “215,” G.N.R., 171;
• and Met. R., 214;
• condensing engines, 216;
• steam tenders, 217
• “Soho,” 86
• South Eastern Ry., Bodmer’s engines on, 101
• South Eastern Ry., “White Horse of Kent,” 111;
• “Folkestone,” 159;
• Sharp’s engines, 161;
• Cudworth’s, 189, 225;
• Watkin’s, 241;
• Stirling’s, 266
• South Devon Ry. locomotives, B.G., 179
• “Sunbeam,” S. & D.R., 64
• “Swiftsure,” Forrester’s, engine for the L. & M.R., 59
• T
• Tayleur’s short-stroke locomotives, 60
• Tank engines, early, 137, 158
• Taff Valley Ry. engines, 163, 202, 233, 292
• Ten feet driving wheel engines, B.G., 69, 73, 76
• “Teutonic,” L. & N.W.R., 244
• “Thunderer,” B.G., 77
• Three-cylinder engines, Stephenson & Howe’s, 105
• Three-cylinder engines, Kendall’s, 231
• “Tiny,” Crewe Works, engine, 209
• Tosh’s goods engine, 182
• Trevithick’s, F., “Cornwall,” 119
• Trevithick, R., inventor of the steam locomotive, 1
• Trevithick, R., his first railway engine, 2
• “Tyne,” N. & C.R., 62
• V
• Vale of Neath Railway (see Brunel).
• Valve gears, “Experiment,” 57;
• “Soho,” 86;
• Gray’s, 93;
• Dodds & Owen’s, 93;
• Stephenson’s, 94;
• link motion, 96;
• vertical, 123;
• rotatory, 181;
• Dubs’, 199
• “Venus,” B.G., 72, 136
• “Vulcan,” B.G., 69, 70
• W
• “Wallace,” Dundee & Arbroath Railway, 82
• Water pick-up apparatus, Ramsbottom’s, 198
• “Welsh Pony,” Festiniog Ry., 223
• Webb, F. W., engines for the L. & N.W.R., “Precedents,” 238;
• “Precursors,” 239;
• compounds, 243;
• “Greater Britain,” 245;
• 8 wheel coupled, 246;
• “Black Prince,” 248
• Whishaw on Great Western Ry. B.G. engines
• (see Chapter VI., pages 66 to 81)
• Williams and the “link” motion, 96
• Wilson’s, Ed., system of smoke-consuming, 191
• “Wilberforce,” S. & D.R., 53
• “William the 4th,” and “Queen Adelaide” locomotives, 46
• Winans’ Manumotive carriages at Rainhill, 38
• Worsdell’s compounds, 249
• “Windcutter,” locomotive, 274
• Wood, N., on Great Western Ry. B.G. engines
• (see chapter VI., pages 66 to 81)
• “Wrekin,” 161
• Y
• Yarrow’s coal-burning engine, 190
• Yorston’s coal-burning engine, 188
• “Ysabel,” 168