The locomotive stock consists of 1,333 engines. Of this number, 590 are of the standard types described below as being of the three leading types designed by Mr. Aspinall. The balance is made up mainly of engines of older forms, which are gradually being replaced with engines of the standard type, though a large number of these engines have been altered so as to require a boiler of one type only.

The locomotive sheds of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway are situate and numbered as below:—

Newton Heath, No. 1; Low Moor, No. 2; Sowerby Bridge, No. 3; Leeds, No. 4; Mirfield, No. 5; Wakefield, No. 6; Normanton, No. 7; Barnsley, No. 8; Knottingley, No. 9; Goole, No. 10; Doncaster, No. 11; ——, No. 12; Agecroft, No. 13; Bolton, No. 14; Horwich, No. 15; Wigan, No. 16; Southport, No. 17; Sandhills, No. 18; Aintree Sidings, No. 19; Bury, No. 20; Bacup, No. 21; Accrington, No. 22; Burnley, No. 23; Skipton, No. 24; Lower Darwen, No. 25; Hellifield, No. 26; Lostock Hall, No. 27; Chorley, No. 28; Ormskirk, No. 29; Fleetwood, No. 30; Blackpool (Talbot Road), No. 31; and Blackpool (Central), No. 32.

We will now proceed to describe some of the types of Lancashire and Yorkshire locomotives.

The “H” or Standard class of four-wheels coupled passenger engines is illustrated by engine No. 1,093 (Fig. 118a). The cylinders are inside, and the axles also have the bearings inside. The principal dimensions are:

• Cylinders, 18in. diameter by 26in. stroke.
• Bogie wheels, 3ft. 0½in. diameter.
• Coupled wheels (driving and trailing), 7ft. 3in. diameter.
• Wheel base, 21ft. 6½in.
• Centre of bogie to centre of driving wheel, 10ft. 2½in.
• Centre of driving to centre of trailing wheel, 8ft. 7in.
• Weight loaded (bogie), 13 tons 16 cwt.
• ””  (driving), 16 tons 10 cwt.
• ””  (trailing), 14 tons 10 cwt.
• Total, 44 tons 16 cwt.
• Boiler, 4ft. 2in. diameter, 10ft. 7⅜in. long.
• Fire-box, 6 ft. long, 4ft. 1in. wide, 5ft,. 10in. high.
• Number of tubes, 220.
• Tubes (outside diameter), 1¾in.
• Heating surface, tubes, 1,108.73sq. ft.
• ””   fire-box, 107.681sq. ft.
• Total, 1,216.41sq. ft.
• Fireg-rate area, 18.75sq. ft.
• Pressure of steam per sq. inch, 160lbs.
• Weight of 6-wheel tender, loaded, 26 tons 2 cwt. 2 qrs.
• Capacity of water-tank of tender, 1,800 gallons.
• Fuel capacity of tender, 3 tons.

The “A” or standard class goods engines have cylinders, boilers, heating surface, steam pressure, etc., the same as the “H” class of passenger engines just described; whilst a similar pattern of tender is employed, the six-coupled wheels are 5ft. 1in. diameter; the wheel base is: L. to D., 7ft. 9in.; D. to T., 8ft. 7in.; total, 16ft. 4in. Weight in working order: L., 13 tons 16 cwt. 2 qr.; D., 15 tons; T., 13 tons 6 cwt. 2 qr.; total, 42 tons 3 cwt.

Tank engines are employed to work the trains between Manchester and Blackburn, a distance of 24½ miles, of which 13 miles are on rising gradients, and six on falling gradients, most of them being steeper than 1 in 100. The most serious gradients affecting the working of this line are those from Bolton up towards Entwistle, where, for a mile and a quarter, the gradient is 1 in 72, and for the following 4½ miles is 1 in 74; a more serious incline than the celebrated one over Shap Fell. These tank engines are fitted with the water pick-up apparatus which can be used when running either chimney or bunker in front. The trains each consist of thirteen coaches, which including the engine weigh about 250 tons.

The engines (Fig. 119) have eight wheels—viz., a pair of leading radial, two pairs of coupled, and a pair of trailing radial. The cylinders are inside, and have 26in. stroke, the diameter being 18in. The diameters of the wheels are:—

• Radial, 3ft. 7¾in.
• Coupled (driving and trailing), 5ft. 8in.
• Wheel base, 24ft. 4in., divided as follows:—
• Front radial wheel to centre of driving,
• 7ft. 10½in.; driving to rear coupled,
• 8ft. 7in.; rear coupled to trailing radial, 7ft. 10½in.
• Weight loaded (leading radial wheel), 13 tons 10 cwt.
•  ””(driving), 16 tons 12 cwt.
•  ””(rear coupled), 15 tons 2 cwt.
•  ””(trailing radial), 10 tons 15 cwt.
• Total, 55 tons 19 cwt.

The boiler, fire-box, etc., dimensions are the same as the “H” class. The tanks of these locomotives hold 1,340 gallons of water, and the bunkers two tons of coal.

The above three classes form the leading types of locomotives of Mr. Aspinall’s designing. Fig. 120 illustrates a four-wheel-coupled saddle tank locomotive designed by Mr. Aspinall, and fired with oil, on Holden’s system. It is used for shunting at Liverpool.

At the present time the locomotives of the Caledonian Railway hold first place in the popular mind for speed and hauling capacity. This result has been attained through the remarkable performances of the engines of the “Dunalastair” class, constructed at St. Rollox Works from the designs of Mr. J. F. McIntosh, the present locomotive superintendent of the Caledonian Railway.

These engines (Fig. 121) have been frequently described, but it is as well to recapitulate the leading dimensions. The cylinders are inside, 18¼in. diameter and 26in. stroke. The engine is supported by a leading bogie, and by four-coupled wheels of 6ft. 6in. diameter. The bogie wheel base is 6ft. 6in.; centre of bogie to driving wheel, 9ft. 11in.; D. to T., 9ft.; total length over buffers (engine and tender), 53ft. 9¾in. The weight in working order is: Engine—bogie, 15 tons 14 cwt. 3 qr.; D., 16 tons; T., 15 tons 5 cwt.; tender—L., 12 tons 13 cwt.; M., 13 tons 4 cwt.; and T., 13 tons 4 cwt. 2 qr.; total, 86 tons 1 cwt. 1 qr.

The tractive force is 14,400lb. Water capacity of tender is 3,570 gallons. The working pressure is 160lb. The leading feature of the engine consists of the large heating surface—viz., tubes, 1,284.45 sq. ft., and fire-box, 118.78 sq. ft. To obtain this result the boiler has been “high pitched,” giving the engine a rather squat appearance, and causing the driving wheels to appear to be of smaller diameter than is actually the case.

An extended cab is provided for the protection of the driver and fireman. The splendid work performed by these machines has frequently been chronicled, the principal feature being the daily run from Carlisle to Stirling, 118 miles, in 123 minutes, without a stop; this trip includes the tremendous pull up the Beattock Bank, with a rise of 650ft. in ten miles. Yet Sir James Thompson, the general manager of the Caledonian Railway, said of this class of engine, “But, effective as it is, we are already improving upon it, and it will undoubtedly be superseded by our next type of engines.”

As Sir J. Thompson intimated, Mr. McIntosh improved upon the above type, the result being the excellent “Dunalastair 2” (Fig. 123). These fine engines also are employed to haul the heavy West Coast corridor trains between Carlisle and Glasgow, and Edinburgh and the North.

From Glasgow to Carlisle one of the engines hauls the 2.0 p.m. corridor train without a pilot throughout the journey, the weight of the train, excluding passengers, luggage, and tender of engine, is upwards of 350 tons. The dimensions are: wheels, 6ft. 6in., D. and T. coupled, with leading bogie; cylinders 19in. by 26in. Tender runs on two four-wheel bogies; water capacity, 4,125 gallons. The weights on wheels are as follows: engine—bogie, 16 tons 6 cwt.; driving wheels, 16 tons 17 cwt.; trailing, 15 tons 17 cwt.—total, 49 tons. Tender: front bogie, 22 tons 11¾ cwt.; hind bogie, 22 tons 6¼ cwt.—total, 45 tons. Total weight of engine and tender in working order, 94 tons. Total length over buffers (engine and tender), 57ft. 3¾in.; tractive force, 16,840lb.; working pressure, 175lb. per sq. in. Heating surface: tubes, 1,381.22 sq. ft.; fire-box, 118.78 sq. ft.—total, 1,500 sq. ft.

Bogie wheel base, 6ft. 6in.; centre of bogie to driving, 10ft. 11in.; driving to trailing, 9ft.; distance between bogie centres of tender, 11ft. 3in.; total tender wheel base, 16ft. 9in.

Another new type of engine introduced by Mr. McIntosh has 5ft. 6in. coupled wheels. It is a passenger-goods, or mixed traffic engine (Fig. 123), for working goods, mineral and heavy passenger and excursion trains through the Glasgow Central Underground Railway. Wheel base, L. to D., 7ft. 6in.; D. to T., 8ft. 9in.; cylinders, 18in. by 26in.; six-wheeled tender; water capacity, 2,800 gallons.

Another good design of Caledonian Railway engines is the “Carbrook” (Fig. 124) class, constructed from Mr. D. Drummond’s specification with a leading bogie, and four-coupled wheels of 6ft. 6in. diameter. The weight of these engines is: bogie, 14 tons 15 cwt.; D., 15 tons 4 cwt.; T., 15 tons; L., 10 tons 16 cwt. 2 qr.; M., 14 tons 6 cwt. 3 qr. Wheel base: bogie, 6ft. 6in.; centre of bogie to D., 9ft. 1Oin.; D. to T., 9ft.; total length over buffers (engine and tender), 54ft. 6in. Water capacity of tender, 3,560 gallons. The safety valve is located on top of the dome, an unsymmetrical practice which spoils the outline. There is also another type of Mr. Drummond’s engines, with cylinders, 18in. by 26in. stroke. Wheel base and water capacity as in the “Dunalastair” class; but the weight and tractive force are dissimilar. The former, on bogie, is 14 tons 13 cwt. 2 qr.; D., 15 tons 7 cwt. 3 qr.; tender, L., 12 tons 13 cwt.; M., 13 tons 4 cwt.; T., 13 tons 4 cwt. 2 qr.; total, 84 tons 6 cwt. 3 qr. The tractive force is 12,900lb.

To give full details of all the 44 types of Caledonian Railway engines would be rather wearisome to the reader, so of the remaining classes, particulars only are appended:—

Passenger Engines with Tenders.

Diameter of Driving Wheels:

5ft. 9in. four-coupled, with leading bogie. Cylinders, 18in. by 26in. stroke.

7ft. single, with leading bogie and pair of trailing wheels. Cylinders, 18in. by 26in. stroke.

7ft. four-coupled, with leading bogie. Cylinders, 18in. by 24in. stroke. (This is a rebuilt type of engine.) Tender only holds 1,880 gallons.

7ft. four-coupled, with a small pair of leading wheels. Cylinders, 17in. diameter by 24in. stroke. No dome on boiler.

6ft. 6in. four-coupled (D. and T.), with a small pair of leading wheels. Cylinders, 17in. by 24in. stroke. No dome to engine, and only four wheels to tender, with a water capacity of 1,428 gallons.

6ft. D. and T. coupled, small leading wheels. No dome. Cylinders, 17in. diameter by 22in. stroke. Six-wheel tender.

8ft. 2in. single, small leading and trailing wheels. No dome. Cylinders, 17in. diameter by 24in. stroke. Six-wheel tender.

6ft, D. and T. coupled, small loading wheels, rebuilt by Drummond, with safety valve on dome. Cylinders, 18in. by 24in.

5ft. D. and T. coupled, with leading bogie. Cylinders, 18in. by 24in. Four-wheel tender; water capacity, 1,550 gallons.

7ft. single. Cylinders, 17¾in. by 22in. No dome. Four-wheel tender, 1,384 gallons.

Passenger Tanks.

5ft. L. and D. coupled, trailing bogie; cylinders, 16in. by 22in.; Drummond valve; water capacity of tanks, 830 gallons.

5ft. single (for use of officials): cylinders, 9½in. diameter by 15in. stroke; well-tank holds 520 gallons; bunker, 30 cwt. of coal; wheel base: L. to D., 6ft. 6in.; D. to T., 7ft, 6in. Weight: L., 7 tons 10 cwt. 3 qr.; D., 11 tons 6 cwt. 2 qr.; T., 7 tons 16 cwt, 1 qr.; tractive force, 2,489lb.

5ft. D. and T. coupled; cylinders, 17½in. by 22in. Water, 820 gallons.

5ft. 6in. L. and D. coupled; cylinders, 16in. by 20in. Water, 450 gallons.

4ft. 6in. L. and D. coupled with trailing bogie; cylinders, 18in. by 22in. Water capacity, 950 gallons.

3ft. 8in. L. and D. coupled, and pair of trailing wheels; cylinders, 14in. by 20in. stroke. The saddle tank holds 800 gallons.

5ft. 8in. radial L. and T. wheels, and 4 coupled wheels (eight wheels in all); cylinders, 17½in. by 22in. Water in side tanks, 1,200 gallons. Coal in bunker, 3 tons.

5ft. D. and T. coupled with leading bogie; cylinders, 17in. by 24in.

5ft. 9in. L. and D. coupled, with trailing bogie; cylinders, 18in. by 26in. This class is fitted with condensing apparatus. (Fig. 125.)

GOODS ENGINES WITH TENDERS.

6ft. D. and T. coupled, with pair of leading wheels. Cylinders, 18in. diameter, by 24in. stroke. Six-wheel tender; water capacity, 1,840 gallons.

5ft. six-wheels coupled. Cylinders 18in. by 26in. 6-wheel tender; water capacity, 2,500 gallons.

The following engines have no domes:—

5ft. 6-wheels coupled. Inside cylinders, 17in. by 24in. 6-wheel tender; water capacity, 1,800 gallons.

5ft. (mineral engine) L. and D. coupled, small trailing wheels, no dome. Cylinders, 17in. by 24in. 4-wheel tender; 1,542 gallons.

5ft. 6-wheels-coupled mineral engine. Wheel base: L. to D., 5ft. 6in.; D. to T., 5ft. 6in.; all wheels under boiler barrel. Cylinders, 18in. by 24in. 6-wheel tender; water capacity, 1,840 gallons.

5ft. 6-wheels coupled mineral engine. Cylinders, 17in. by 24in. 4-wheel tender; water capacity, 1,383 gallons.

5ft 6in. L. and D. coupled and small pair trailing wheels; inside cylinder, 16in. by 20in. 4-wheel tender.

4ft, 8in. L. and D. coupled, mineral engine. Cylinders, 17in. by 20in. 4-wheel tender; water capacity, 1,000 gallons.

(A similar class of engines has cylinders 17in. diameter by 18in. stroke.)

5ft. D. and T. coupled, with pair of small leading wheels. Cylinders, 17in. by 24in. 4-wheel tender; 1,545 gallons.

5ft. D. and T. coupled, with small leading wheels. Cylinders, 17in. by 20in. 6-wheel tender; water capacity, 1,700 gallons.

MINERAL TANK ENGINES.

4ft. 6in. 6-wheels coupled, saddle tank, holding 1,000 gallons of water; safety valves on dome; cylinders 18in. by 26in.

4ft. 6in. 6-wheels coupled, side tanks, with condensing apparatus; cylinders, 18in. by 26in.

4ft 6in. 6-wheels coupled; saddle tank; cylinders, 18in. by 26in.

4ft. 6-wheels coupled; saddle tank, 1,000 gallons; cylinders, 18in. by 22in. stroke.

4ft. 6-wheels coupled; saddle tank, 940 gallons. Cylinders, 17in. by 20in. No dome.

3ft. 8in. 4-wheels-coupled; wheel base, 7ft.; saddle tank, 800 gallons. Cylinders, 14in. by 20in.

There is a similar class of engine built by Neilson’s, the difference being in the weight. That of the former is, on leading axle, 13 tons 14 cwt. 1 qr.; on driving axle, 13 tons 13 cwt. 1 qr.

Weight of Neilson’s class: L., 13 tons 10 cwt. 3 qr.; D., 13 tons 9 cwt. 1 qr.

3ft. 8in. 6-wheels-coupled, saddle tank; water capacity, 900 gallons. Drummond’s safety valves. Cylinders, 14in. by 20in. stroke.

Lastly, a class of 4-wheel engines, with coupled wheels, 3ft. 6in. diameter; side tanks hold 500 gallons. No dome, cab, or weather-board; wheel base, 6ft. 3in. Cylinders, 14in. diameter, 22in. stroke.

Engine “No. 143” (Fig. 126) is one of three peculiar locomotives, specially constructed for working on the Pwllyrhebog Incline, of 1 in 13, on the Taff Vale Railway. The fire-box and roof slopes backwards, so that when the engine works bunker first up the incline, the water is level over the top of the fire-box. She is fitted with, two draw-bars for attaching a wire rope. This rope is coupled to a low draw-bar under the drag-plate, so as to keep the rope below the axles of the wagons, which follow the engine down the incline, or are pushed up before the engine. “143” has cast-iron “Sleigh” brakes acting on the rails, in addition to the usual steam brakes on the wheels. The dome is placed on the fire-box, and the regulator is within it, so as to ensure dry steam when working on the incline. Wheels, 5ft. 3in. diameter. Cylinders, 17½in. by 26in. Weight, 44 tons 15 cwts.