The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Home Life of the Ancient Greeks
Title: The Home Life of the Ancient Greeks
Author: Hugo Blümner
Translator: Alice Zimmern
Release date: March 28, 2020 [eBook #61689]
Most recently updated: October 17, 2024
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Chuck Greif, deaurider and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)
|
List of Illustrations List of Authorities Consulted for This Book. (etext transcriber's note) |
THE HOME LIFE OF THE
ANCIENT GREEKS.
THE HOME LIFE
OF THE
ANCIENT GREEKS
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN OF
PROF. H. BLÜMNER
BY
ALICE ZIMMERN
Late Scholar of Girton College, Cambridge
With Numerous Illustrations
NEW AND REVISED EDITION
CASSELL and COMPANY, Limited
LONDON, PARIS & MELBOURNE
1895
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE.
The following pages do not claim to be an absolutely literal translation of Dr. Blümner’s text. Such slight alterations have been made as the different and more concise character of the English language seemed to demand, assuming that, in a work of this character, the most faithful translation is that which clearly presents the author’s meaning in the different dress of another language. In one or two cases I have ventured to make some slight alterations. Thus, on page 277, my translation of the passage from Lucian (Philopseudes 18) describing Myron’s Discobolus differs slightly from Dr. Blümner’s, and, as a result, the inference drawn as to the original position of the head is also different. This interpretation is in accord with more recent criticism, and has the support of Dr. Murray, Head of the Antiquities Department at the British Museum. The list of authorities consulted is printed on pages 533 to 536. The illustrations are taken from the German work, and a list is given on pages xi to xv.
I take this opportunity to express my warm thanks to those friends who have kindly helped me with the proof-sheets, and in particular to Mrs. Henry Unwin for her very welcome assistance.
Alice Zimmern.
Tunbridge Wells, October, 1893.
CONTENTS.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
| PAGE | ||
| 1. | Ancient Male and Female Costumes. Vase-painting from Élite céramographique, II. 27 | 5 |
| 2. | Antique Male Chiton with Himation. Vase-painting from Gerhard. Etruskische und campanische Vasenbilder. Plate 21 | 6 |
| 3. | Antique Costumes (Dance) from the François Vase. From the Wiener archæologische Vorlegeblätter. Series II. Plates 3 and 14 | 8 |
| 4. | Costumes of the Fifth Century B.C. (Rape of Helen.) Vase-painting by Hiero. From Gerhard. Trinkschalen und Gefäsze. Plates 11 and 12 | 10 |
| 5. | Short Male Chiton with Kolpos. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 2.) Plates 6 and 7 | 13 |
| 6. | Warrior in Exomis. Relief on a Tombstone. From Bulletin de correspondence hellénique, IV. Plate 7 | 14 |
| 7. | Statue of Sophocles in the Lateran. From a Photograph. | 16 |
| 8. | Citizen in Chiton and Himation. Terra-cotta from Bull. de corr. hell., VII. Plate 12. | 17 |
| 9. | Costume of Ephebos (Adoration of a Hermes). Vase-painting from Schreiber. Kulturhistorischer Atlas, Altertum. Plate 14, 3 | 18 |
| 10. | Dress of Attic Ephebos (Farewell of a Young Warrior). Vase-painting from Baumeister. Denkmäler des classichen Altertums. Fig. 421. | 19 |
| 11. | Antique Female Costumes from the François Vase. From Wiener arch. Vorlegebl. | 23 |
| 12. | Antique Female Costume. Vase-painting by Exekias. From Mon. d’Inst. Archéol., II. 22. | 24 |
| 13. | Antique Female Costume. Vase-painting from Stephani. Kampf des Theseus and Minotaurus. Plate I. | 25 |
| 14. | Antique Female Dress, from the François Vase. (See 3.) Plate V. | 26 |
| 15. | Antique Female Costumes. Vase-painting from El. céram., III. 36, B. | 27 |
| 16. | Ancient Female Costume with Kolpos. Vase-painting from Gerhard. Auserlesene Vasenbilder, III. 727 | 29 |
| 17. | Dress of the Fifth Century B.C. From a Vase-painting by Euphronios. From the Wiener arch. Vorlegebl. Series V. Plate 7 | 31 |
| 18. | Female Costume of the Fifth Century B.C. (Mænads), from a Vase by Hiero. Idem. Plate 4 | 32 |
| 19. | Female Costume of the Fifth Century B.C., from a Vase by Brygos. From Mon. d’Inst., V. 14 | 34 |
| 20. | Modes of arranging Chiton. V.-P. from Tischbein. Vases Hamilton, I. 7 | 35 |
| 21. | Putting on the Chiton and arranging the Bib. Bronze Statue from Herculaneum. From a Photograph. | 36 |
| 22. | Caryatid from the Erechtheum. From Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 535 | 37 |
| 23. | High-girt Chiton with Himation. Statue of a Daughter of Niobe in the Museo Chiaramonti in the Vatican. From a Photograph | 38 |
| 24. | Ungirt Chiton with Himation. V.-P., Gerhard. (See 2.) Plates 6 and 7 | 40 |
| 25. | Open Chiton with Mantle. Vase-painting from the Wiener arch. Vorlegebl. Series II. Plate 6, 2 | 41 |
| 26. | Open Chiton with Mantle. Vase-painting from El. céram., III. 56 | 42 |
| 27. | Lady in Walking Dress. Terra-cotta Figure from Stackelberg. Gräber der Hellenen. Plate 67 | 41 and 45 |
| 28. | Lady in Walking Dress. Idem | 46 |
| 29. | Sandals. Collected from Works of Art (chiefly Vase-paintings) | 49 |
| 30. | Sandals with High Straps. Idem | 50 |
| 31. | Antique Men’s Shoes. Idem | 51 |
| 32. | Men’s and Women’s Shoes. Idem | 52 |
| 33. | High Boots (Endromides). Idem | 53 |
| 34. | High Boots with Overhanging Lappets. Idem | 54 |
| 35. | Various Shapes of the Petasos. Idem | 56 |
| 36. | The Common Forms of Petasos. Idem | 57 |
| 37. | Uncommon Forms of Petasos. Idem | 58 |
| 38. | Youth in Travelling Costume. Vase-painting from Overbeck. Gallerie heroischer Bildwerke. Plate 2, 1 | 59 |
| 39. | Exomis and Pilos. Statuette of Odysseus. From Winckelmann. Monumenti mediti, No. 154 | 60 |
| 40. | Sailor’s Costume. V.-P. from Welcker. Alte Denkamäler, III. Plate 39, 1 | 61 |
| 41. | Lady with Petasos. Terra-cotta Figure from Kekulé. Terra-cotten von Sicilien. Plate 33 | 62 |
| 42. | Lady with Sunshade. V.-P. from Gerhard. Vases grecs. Plate 8 | 63 |
| 43 and 44. | Antique Modes of Dressing the Hair. Vase-painting and Marble Head from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 85, 3 and 14 | 66 |
| 45 and 46. | Antique Coiffures. Marble Heads from Mitteilungen des Deutschen archäologischen Instituts in Athen, VIII. (1883.) Plate X. 12a and XI. 1 | 67 |
| 47. | Antique Coiffure. Marble Head. Idem. Plate XII. 4a and 4b | 68 |
| 48. | Antique Coiffure. V.-P. by Euphronios. Idem. Plate XI. 5 | 69 |
| 49. | Antique Coiffure. Bronze Head from Pompeii. From a Photograph | 70 |
| 50. | Antique Mode of Wearing the Beard. Relief from Nuove memorie dell’Inst. Archeol. Plate 13 | 73 |
| 51 and 52. | Female Coiffure. Terra-cotta Heads from Kekulé. (See 41.) Plates 161 and 22, 6 | 74 |
| 53 and 54. | Female Coiffure. Idem. Plates 16, 5 and 162 | 75 |
| 55, 56, 57. | Female Coiffure. Idem. Plates 17, 1; 18, 5; and 19, 5 | 76 and 77 |
| 58. | Relief from a Tomb representing Child in Swaddling-clothes. From Ann. d’Inst. 1830. Add. Plate, G | 79 |
| 59. | Hermes in the Cradle. V.-P. from Arch. Zeitg. for 1844. Plate 20 | 81 |
| 60. | Child’s Bed on Rollers. V.-P. from Nuove mem. dell’Inst. Arch. Plate 15, 2 | 82 |
| 61. | Mother giving her Child the Breast. Terra-cotta Figure from Gerhard. Gesammelte Abhandlungen. Plate 80, 2 | 83 |
| 62. | Mother and Child. Relief from a Tomb at Athens. From a Photograph | 86 |
| 63. | Boy with small Cart and Dog. V.-P. from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 17 | 87 |
| 64. | Child’s Cart. Vase-painting from Compte-rendu de la commission archéologique de St. Pétersbourg. 1871. Plate 5, 4 | 88 |
| 65. | Child with Cart drawn by Dogs. V.-P. from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 766 | 89 |
| 66. | Jointed Doll. Terra-cotta Figure. From Antiqu. du Bosph. Cimmér. Plate 74, 8 | 90 |
| 67. | Boy with Hoop. Vase-painting from El céram., I. 18 | 91 |
| 68. | Toy Quiver. From Compte-rendu de St. Pètersb. for 1873. Plate 38 | 92 |
| 69. | Girl flying a Kite. Vase-painting from Arch. Ztg. for 1895, p. 125 | 93 |
| 70. | Boy with Wheel. V.-P. from Benndorf. Griech. u. Sicil. Vasenbilder, p. 62 | 94 |
| 71. | Woman with Wheel. Vase-painting from Gerhard, Vases grecs. Plate 10 | 95 |
| 72. | Child’s Swing. V.-P. from Ann. d’Inst. 1857. Add. Plate, A | 96 |
| 73. | See-saw. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 79, 6 | 96 |
| 74. | See-saw on the Foot. V.-P. from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 834 | 97 |
| 75. | Attic School Instruction. Vase-painting by Duris. From Arch. Ztg. for 1869. Plate 1 | 105 |
| 76. | Ephebi racing on Horseback. V.-P. from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 24, 9 | 125 |
| 77. | Female Racer from Elis. Statue in the Vatican. From a Photograph | 131 |
| 78. | Reception of Bride at Bridegroom’s House. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 32 | 143 |
| 79. | Women at the Well. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 16.) IV. 308, 9 | 150 |
| 80. | Woman Spinning. Vase-painting. Idem, IV. 302 and 3, M 3 | 153 |
| 81. | Woman at the Loom (Penelope). V.-P. from Mon. d’Inst., IX. 42, 1 | 154 |
| 82. | Women at Bath and the Toilet. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 33 | 155 |
| 83. | Women Washing. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 16.) III. 218 | 156 |
| 84. | Folding-up Clothes. Vase-painting. Idem, IV. 301 | 157 |
| 85. | Women’s Toilet and Bath. V.-P. from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 220 | 158 |
| 86. | Washing at the Well and Completion of Toilet. (Athene and Hera before the Judgment of Paris.) V.-P. from Mon. d’Inst., IV. 18 | 160 |
| 87. | Women’s Public Bath. Vase-painting from El. céram., IV. 18 | 161 |
| 88. | Toilet Scene. Vase-painting from Gazette archéologique for 1879. Plate 23 | Frontispiece |
| 89. | Lady Arranging her Hair. Terra-cotta from Tanagra. Idem. 1878. Plate 10 | 163 |
| 90. | Lady (Bride?) at her Toilet. V-P. from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 45, 1 | 164 |
| 91. | Scene from the Life of Women. V.-P. from Gerhard. (See 4.) Plate 14, 1 | 165 |
| 92. | Toilet Scenes. From Compte-rendu de St. Pétersbourg. 1860. Plate 1, 3 | 168 |
| 93. | Diagram of a Water-clock | 187 |
| 94. | Bronze Razors, from Helbig. Das homerische Epos. Fig. 49 | 188 |
| 95. | Hair-dresser. Terra-cotta Group, from Tanagra. From Arch. Ztg., XXXII. Plate 14 | 189 |
| 96. | Men’s Public Bath. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 21, 9 | 193 |
| 97 and 98. | Drinking Scenes. V.-P. from Mon. d’Inst., III. 12 | 210 and 211 |
| 99. | Female Juggler. Vase-painting from Mus. Borbonico, VII. 35 | 217 |
| 100. | Female Juggler, from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 631 | 218 |
| 101. | Cottabus. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., VII. 51, 2 | 222 |
| 102. | Playing “Board-games.” Terra-cotta Group from Arch. Ztg., XXI. Plate 173, 1 | 224 |
| 103. | Girl Playing Astragals. Terra-cotta Figure from Tanagra; from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 156 | 226 |
| 104. | Morra Players. Vase-painting from Arch. Ztg., XXIX. Plate 56, 1 | 227 |
| 105. | Cock-fighting. Vase-painting from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 695 | 228 |
| 106. | Consequences of Intemperance. Vase-painting from Arch. Vorlegebl. Series VIII. Plate 5 | 229 |
| 107. | Scene at a Nocturnal Comus (Hercules and Satyrs). Vase-painting from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 95 | 231 |
| 108. | Funeral Lament. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., III. 60 | 247 |
| 109. | Funeral Lament. V.-P. from Ann. d’Inst. 1869. Plate 299, O.P. | 248 |
| 110. | Burial. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., VIII. 4, 1b | 252 |
| 111. | Corpse in the Tomb. V.-P. from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 38 | 253 |
| 112. | Extinguishing the Funeral Pile. V.-P. from Mon. d’Inst., IV. 41 | 256 |
| 113 and 114. | Athenian Beliefs on Tombs. From Arch. Ztg., XXIX. Plates 43 and 44 | 257 and 259 |
| 115. | Care of a Grave. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 44 | 260 |
| 116. | Care of a Grave. Vase-painting from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 25 | 261 |
| 117. | Relief from an Athenian Tomb. From a Photograph | 263 |
| 118. | Gymnastic Exercises. V.-P, from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 611 | 267 |
| 119. | Exercise with Dumb-bells. Engraving from a Bronze Discus. From Ann. d’Inst. Plate B | 268 |
| 120. | Racers. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., X. 48m | 272 |
| 121. | Runners and Jumpers. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 16.) IV. 259 | 273 |
| 122. | Armour Race. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., X. 48e, 3 | 274 |
| 123. | Standing Discobolus of the Vatican. Marble Statue. From a Photograph | 276 |
| 124. | Throwing Discobolus (after Myron) in the Vatican. Marble Statue. From a Photograph | 279 |
| 125. | Discobolus after the Throw. Bronze Statue at Naples. From a Photograph | 280 |
| 126. | Spear-thrower. Engraving. Reverse of Fig. 119 | 282 |
| 127. | Running, Jumping, Spear-throwing, Boxing. Vase-painting by Pamphaios, From Mon. d’Inst., XI. 24 | 283 |
| 128. | Wrestlers. Marble Group in the Uffizzi at Florence. From a Photograph | 287 |
| 129. | Wrestlers. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., II. 24 | 288 |
| 130. | Wrestlers. Vase-painting. Idem, X. 48e, 1 | 289 |
| 131. | Wrestlers. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See p. 4.) Plate 20 | 291 |
| 132. | Boxers. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., 48e, 2 | 294 |
| 133. | Boxers. Vase-painting from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 31, 2a | 295 |
| 134. | Gymnastic Exercise with a Sphere. Bas-relief from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 23, 2 | 300 |
| 135. | Archery. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 80, 7 | 301 |
| 136. | Women playing Musical Instruments. V.-P. from El. céram., II. 86 | 310 |
| 137. | Woman playing the Trigonon. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., V. 37 | 313 |
| 138 and 139. | Flute player. Bronze Statuette from Dodona. From Carapanos. Dodone et ses ruines. Plate 10 | 314 and 315 |
| 140. | Flute-player. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., X. 10 | 317 |
| 141. | Performance of a Flute-player. Vase-painting by Euphronios. From Wiener arch. Vorlegebl. Series V. 4 | 318 |
| 142. | Female Flute-player and Dancer with Castanets. Vase-painting by Hiero. Idem. Series C. 5 | 319 |
| 143. | Lustral Sacrifice. Vase-painting from Heydemann. Griechische Vasenbilder. Plate 11, 3 | 331 |
| 144. | Presentation of Sacrificial Offerings. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., VI. and VII. Plate 37 | 332 |
| 145 and 146. | Presentation of Sacrificial Offerings. Vase-paintings from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 45, 2 | 333 and 334 |
| 147. | Sacrificial Scene, Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., IX. 53 | 339 |
| 148. | Leaden Tablet with Question addressed to the Oracle of Delphi. From Carapanos. (See 138.) Plate 36, 2 | 345 |
| 149. | Putting Horses to a Chariot. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 16.) IV. 249 and 250 | 355 |
| 150. | Plan and Section of the great Theatre of Dionysus at Athens. From the Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst for 1878, p. 193 | 393 |
| 151. | Theatre of Syracuse in its present Condition. From a Photograph | 395 |
| 152. | Theatre of Syracuse: Ground plan. From Strack. Griechisches Theater. Plate V. 1 | 396 |
| 153. | Theatre of Segesta, Reconstructed. Idem. Plate I. | 397 |
| 154 and 155. | Tragic Mask. Terra-cotta from Vulci. From Ann. d’Inst. 1881. Plate K | 427 |
| 156 and 157. | Comic Masks. Idem. Plate J | 431 |
| 158. | Comic Actor. Terra-cotta from Arch. Ztg. for 1854 Plate 69, 3 | 432 |
| 159. | Comic Actor. Terra-cotta from Kekulé. (See 41.) Plate 51, 5 | 433 |
| 160. | Masks from the Andromeda-myth. Pompeian Wall-painting from Arch. Ztg. for 1878. Plate 3 | 435 |
| 161 and 162. | Tragic Actor. Ivory Statuette from Mon. d’Inst., XI. 13 | 437 |
| 163. | Scene from Comedy (The Sick Chiron?) Vase-painting from El. céram., II. 94 | 439 |
| 164. | Scene from Comedy. (Adventure of Hercules.) Vase-painting from Arch. Vorlegebl. Series B. Plate 32, a | 441 |
| 165. | Scene from Comedy. (Soldier and Parasite.) Pompeian Wall-painting from Mus. Borbon., IV. 18 | 443 |
| 166. | Military Chariot. Vase-painting from Compte-rendu for 1874. Plate 5 | 453 |
| 167 and 168. | Warriors putting on their Armour. From Gerhard. (See 16.) IV. 269 | 458 and 458 |
| 169. | Murder of Dolon. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 4.) Plate C, 1 | 460 |
| 170. | Achilles binds up the Wounds of Patroclus. Vase painting from Mon. d’Inst., I. 25 | 461 |
| 171. | Farewell of Amphiaraus. Idem, III. 54 | 463 |
| 172. | Equipment of a Warrior. Vase-painting by Duris. Idem, VIII. 41 | 464 |
| 173. | 174, and 175. Ancient Greek Helmets. From Helbig. (See 94.) Figs. 70-72 | 466 |
| 176. | Warriors playing Draughts. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., II. 22 | 467 |
| 177. | Death of Memnon. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 4.) Plate D | 469 |
| 178, 179, 180, 181. | Spear-heads from Dodona. From Carapanos. (See 138.) Plates, 57, 8; 58, 1; 3 and 5 | 471 and 472 |
| 182, 183, 184. | Swords from Mycenae. From Helbig. (See 94.) Figs. 90, 86 and 87 | 473 |
| 185 and 186. | Swords from Italian Lake-dwellings. Idem. Figs. 88 and 89 | 474 |
| 187. | Head of an Arrow from Megalopolis | 477 |
| 188 and 189. | Greek Spurs from Dodona. From Carapanos. (See 138.) Plate 52, 1 and 2 | 479 |
| 190. | Sailing Vessel. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 45, 11 | 481 |
| 191. | Ship of Odysseus. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., I. 8 | 482 |
| 192 and 193. | Antique Ships with Spurs at the Prow. Vase-painting from Helbig. (See 94.) Figs. 3 and 3 | 483 |
| 194. | Ship with two Rows of Oars. V.-P. from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 45, 12 | 484 |
| 195. | Attic Trireme. Relief from Ann. d’Inst. 1861. Plate M, 2 | 485 |
| 196. | Men Ploughing, Vase-painting from Berichte der Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaft for 1867. Plate I. 1 | 494 |
| 197. | Olive Harvest. Idem. Plate III. 2 | 495 |
| 198. | Artisan in Exomis. Terra-cotta from Bull. de corr. hell., VII. Plate 12 | 502 |
| 199. | Shoemaker. Vase-painting. (See 196.) Plate III. 5 | 503 |
| 200. | Shoemaker’s Workshop. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., XI. 28, 1 | 505 |
| 201. | Smithy. Idem. Plate 28, 2 | 507 |
| 202. | Brass Foundry. Vase-painting. (See 196.) Plate V. 4 | 508 |
| 203. | Vase Factory. From Ann. d’Inst. 1876. Plates D, E | 509 |
| 204. | Cook(?). Terra-cotta from Tanagra. From Arch. Ztg. for 1874. Plate 14 | 511 |
| 205. | Trade in silphium. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., I. 47 | 515 |
| 206. | Slave. Terra-cotta from Bull. de cor. hellén. | 528 |