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Title: The Home Life of the Ancient Greeks

Author: Hugo Blümner

Translator: Alice Zimmern

Release date: March 28, 2020 [eBook #61689]
Most recently updated: October 17, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Chuck Greif, deaurider and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HOME LIFE OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS ***

Contents.
Index.

List of Illustrations
(In certain versions of this etext [in certain browsers] clicking on the image will bring up a larger version.)

List of Authorities Consulted for This Book.

(etext transcriber's note)

THE HOME LIFE OF THE
ANCIENT GREEKS.

 

 

 

 

 

A GREEK LADY’S TOILET (Fig. 88, see p. 162).

THE HOME LIFE

OF THE

ANCIENT GREEKS

TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN OF

PROF. H. BLÜMNER

BY

ALICE ZIMMERN
Late Scholar of Girton College, Cambridge


With Numerous Illustrations



NEW AND REVISED EDITION

CASSELL and COMPANY, Limited
LONDON, PARIS & MELBOURNE
1895
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE.

The following pages do not claim to be an absolutely literal translation of Dr. Blümner’s text. Such slight alterations have been made as the different and more concise character of the English language seemed to demand, assuming that, in a work of this character, the most faithful translation is that which clearly presents the author’s meaning in the different dress of another language. In one or two cases I have ventured to make some slight alterations. Thus, on page 277, my translation of the passage from Lucian (Philopseudes 18) describing Myron’s Discobolus differs slightly from Dr. Blümner’s, and, as a result, the inference drawn as to the original position of the head is also different. This interpretation is in accord with more recent criticism, and has the support of Dr. Murray, Head of the Antiquities Department at the British Museum. The list of authorities consulted is printed on pages 533 to 536. The illustrations are taken from the German work, and a list is given on pages xi to xv.

 

I take this opportunity to express my warm thanks to those friends who have kindly helped me with the proof-sheets, and in particular to Mrs. Henry Unwin for her very welcome assistance.

Alice Zimmern.

Tunbridge Wells, October, 1893.

CONTENTS.

 PAGE
List of Illustrationsxi
Introductionxvii
Chapter ICostume1
Chapter IIBirth and Infancy78
Chapter IIIEducation99
Chapter IVMarriage and Women133
Chapter VDaily Life Within and Without the House175
Chapter VIMeals and Social Entertainments202
Chapter VIISickness and Physicians, Death and Burial233
Chapter VIIIGymnastics265
Chapter IXMusic and Dancing306
Chapter XReligious Worship323
Chapter XIPublic Festivals349
Chapter XIIThe Theatre392
Chapter XIIIWar and Seafaring450
Chapter XIVAgriculture, Trade, and Handicraft489
Chapter XVSlavery519
Index537

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

  PAGE
1.Ancient Male and Female Costumes. Vase-painting from Élite céramographique, II. 275
2.Antique Male Chiton with Himation. Vase-painting from Gerhard. Etruskische und campanische Vasenbilder. Plate 216
3.Antique Costumes (Dance) from the François Vase. From the Wiener archæologische Vorlegeblätter. Series II. Plates 3 and 148
4.Costumes of the Fifth Century B.C. (Rape of Helen.) Vase-painting by Hiero. From Gerhard. Trinkschalen und Gefäsze. Plates 11 and 1210
5.Short Male Chiton with Kolpos. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 2.) Plates 6 and 713
6.Warrior in Exomis. Relief on a Tombstone. From Bulletin de correspondence hellénique, IV. Plate 714
7.Statue of Sophocles in the Lateran. From a Photograph.16
8.Citizen in Chiton and Himation. Terra-cotta from Bull. de corr. hell., VII. Plate 12.17
9.Costume of Ephebos (Adoration of a Hermes). Vase-painting from Schreiber. Kulturhistorischer Atlas, Altertum. Plate 14, 318
10.Dress of Attic Ephebos (Farewell of a Young Warrior). Vase-painting from Baumeister. Denkmäler des classichen Altertums. Fig. 421.19
11.Antique Female Costumes from the François Vase. From Wiener arch. Vorlegebl.23
12.Antique Female Costume. Vase-painting by Exekias. From Mon. d’Inst. Archéol., II. 22.24
13.Antique Female Costume. Vase-painting from Stephani. Kampf des Theseus and Minotaurus. Plate I.25
14.Antique Female Dress, from the François Vase. (See 3.) Plate V.26
15.Antique Female Costumes. Vase-painting from El. céram., III. 36, B.27
16.Ancient Female Costume with Kolpos. Vase-painting from Gerhard. Auserlesene Vasenbilder, III. 72729
17.Dress of the Fifth Century B.C. From a Vase-painting by Euphronios. From the Wiener arch. Vorlegebl. Series V. Plate 731
18.Female Costume of the Fifth Century B.C. (Mænads), from a Vase by Hiero. Idem. Plate 432
19.Female Costume of the Fifth Century B.C., from a Vase by Brygos. From Mon. d’Inst., V. 1434
20.Modes of arranging Chiton. V.-P. from Tischbein. Vases Hamilton, I. 735
21.Putting on the Chiton and arranging the Bib. Bronze Statue from Herculaneum. From a Photograph.36
22.Caryatid from the Erechtheum. From Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 53537
23.High-girt Chiton with Himation. Statue of a Daughter of Niobe in the Museo Chiaramonti in the Vatican. From a Photograph38
24.Ungirt Chiton with Himation. V.-P., Gerhard. (See 2.) Plates 6 and 740
25.Open Chiton with Mantle. Vase-painting from the Wiener arch. Vorlegebl. Series II. Plate 6, 241
26.Open Chiton with Mantle. Vase-painting from El. céram., III. 5642
27.Lady in Walking Dress. Terra-cotta Figure from Stackelberg. Gräber der Hellenen. Plate 6741 and 45
28.Lady in Walking Dress. Idem46
29.Sandals. Collected from Works of Art (chiefly Vase-paintings)49
30.Sandals with High Straps. Idem50
31.Antique Men’s Shoes. Idem51
32.Men’s and Women’s Shoes. Idem52
33.High Boots (Endromides). Idem53
34.High Boots with Overhanging Lappets. Idem54
35.Various Shapes of the Petasos. Idem56
36.The Common Forms of Petasos. Idem57
37.Uncommon Forms of Petasos. Idem58
38.Youth in Travelling Costume. Vase-painting from Overbeck. Gallerie heroischer Bildwerke. Plate 2, 159
39.Exomis and Pilos. Statuette of Odysseus. From Winckelmann. Monumenti mediti, No. 15460
40.Sailor’s Costume. V.-P. from Welcker. Alte Denkamäler, III. Plate 39, 161
41.Lady with Petasos. Terra-cotta Figure from Kekulé. Terra-cotten von Sicilien. Plate 3362
42.Lady with Sunshade. V.-P. from Gerhard. Vases grecs. Plate 863
43 and 44.Antique Modes of Dressing the Hair. Vase-painting and Marble Head from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 85, 3 and 1466
45 and 46. Antique Coiffures. Marble Heads from Mitteilungen des Deutschen archäologischen Instituts in Athen, VIII. (1883.) Plate X. 12a and XI. 167
47.Antique Coiffure. Marble Head. Idem. Plate XII. 4a and 4b68
48.Antique Coiffure. V.-P. by Euphronios. Idem. Plate XI. 569
49.Antique Coiffure. Bronze Head from Pompeii. From a Photograph70
50.Antique Mode of Wearing the Beard. Relief from Nuove memorie dell’Inst. Archeol. Plate 1373
51 and 52.Female Coiffure. Terra-cotta Heads from Kekulé. (See 41.) Plates 161 and 22, 674
53 and 54. Female Coiffure. Idem. Plates 16, 5 and 16275
55, 56, 57.Female Coiffure. Idem. Plates 17, 1; 18, 5; and 19, 576 and 77
58.Relief from a Tomb representing Child in Swaddling-clothes. From Ann. d’Inst. 1830. Add. Plate, G79
59.Hermes in the Cradle. V.-P. from Arch. Zeitg. for 1844. Plate 2081
60.Child’s Bed on Rollers. V.-P. from Nuove mem. dell’Inst. Arch. Plate 15, 282
61.Mother giving her Child the Breast. Terra-cotta Figure from Gerhard. Gesammelte Abhandlungen. Plate 80, 283
62.Mother and Child. Relief from a Tomb at Athens. From a Photograph86
63.Boy with small Cart and Dog. V.-P. from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 1787
64.Child’s Cart. Vase-painting from Compte-rendu de la commission archéologique de St. Pétersbourg. 1871. Plate 5, 488
65.Child with Cart drawn by Dogs. V.-P. from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 76689
66.Jointed Doll. Terra-cotta Figure. From Antiqu. du Bosph. Cimmér. Plate 74, 890
67.Boy with Hoop. Vase-painting from El céram., I. 1891
68.Toy Quiver. From Compte-rendu de St. Pètersb. for 1873. Plate 3892
69.Girl flying a Kite. Vase-painting from Arch. Ztg. for 1895, p. 12593
70.Boy with Wheel. V.-P. from Benndorf. Griech. u. Sicil. Vasenbilder, p. 6294
71.Woman with Wheel. Vase-painting from Gerhard, Vases grecs.
Plate 10
95
72.Child’s Swing. V.-P. from Ann. d’Inst. 1857. Add. Plate, A96
73.See-saw. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 79, 696
74.See-saw on the Foot. V.-P. from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 83497
75.Attic School Instruction. Vase-painting by Duris. From Arch. Ztg. for 1869. Plate 1105
76.Ephebi racing on Horseback. V.-P. from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 24, 9125
77.Female Racer from Elis. Statue in the Vatican. From a Photograph131
78.Reception of Bride at Bridegroom’s House. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 32143
79.Women at the Well. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 16.) IV. 308, 9150
80.Woman Spinning. Vase-painting. Idem, IV. 302 and 3, M 3153
81.Woman at the Loom (Penelope). V.-P. from Mon. d’Inst., IX. 42, 1154
82.Women at Bath and the Toilet. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (See
27.) Plate 33
155
83.Women Washing. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 16.) III. 218156
84.Folding-up Clothes. Vase-painting. Idem, IV. 301157
85.Women’s Toilet and Bath. V.-P. from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 220158
86.Washing at the Well and Completion of Toilet. (Athene and Hera before the Judgment of Paris.) V.-P. from Mon. d’Inst., IV. 18160
87.Women’s Public Bath. Vase-painting from El. céram., IV. 18161
88.Toilet Scene. Vase-painting from Gazette archéologique for 1879. Plate 23Frontispiece
89.Lady Arranging her Hair. Terra-cotta from Tanagra. Idem. 1878. Plate 10163
90.Lady (Bride?) at her Toilet. V-P. from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 45, 1164
91.Scene from the Life of Women. V.-P. from Gerhard. (See 4.) Plate 14, 1165
92.Toilet Scenes. From Compte-rendu de St. Pétersbourg. 1860. Plate 1, 3168
93.Diagram of a Water-clock187
94.Bronze Razors, from Helbig. Das homerische Epos. Fig. 49188
95.Hair-dresser. Terra-cotta Group, from Tanagra. From Arch. Ztg., XXXII. Plate 14189
96.Men’s Public Bath. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 21, 9193
97 and 98.Drinking Scenes. V.-P. from Mon. d’Inst., III. 12210 and 211
99.Female Juggler. Vase-painting from Mus. Borbonico, VII. 35217
100.Female Juggler, from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 631218
101.Cottabus. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., VII. 51, 2222
102.Playing “Board-games.” Terra-cotta Group from Arch. Ztg., XXI. Plate 173, 1224
103.Girl Playing Astragals. Terra-cotta Figure from Tanagra; from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 156226
104.Morra Players. Vase-painting from Arch. Ztg., XXIX. Plate 56, 1227
105.Cock-fighting. Vase-painting from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 695228
106.Consequences of Intemperance. Vase-painting from Arch. Vorlegebl. Series VIII. Plate 5229
107.Scene at a Nocturnal Comus (Hercules and Satyrs). Vase-painting from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 95231
108.Funeral Lament. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., III. 60247
109.Funeral Lament. V.-P. from Ann. d’Inst. 1869. Plate 299, O.P.248
110.Burial. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., VIII. 4, 1b252
111.Corpse in the Tomb. V.-P. from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 38253
112.Extinguishing the Funeral Pile. V.-P. from Mon. d’Inst., IV. 41256
113 and 114.Athenian Beliefs on Tombs. From Arch. Ztg., XXIX. Plates 43 and 44257 and 259
115.Care of a Grave. Vase-painting from Stackelberg. (See 27.) Plate 44260
116.Care of a Grave. Vase-painting from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 25261
117.Relief from an Athenian Tomb. From a Photograph263
118.Gymnastic Exercises. V.-P, from Baumeister. (See 10.) Fig. 611267
119.Exercise with Dumb-bells. Engraving from a Bronze Discus. From Ann. d’Inst. Plate B268
120.Racers. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., X. 48m272
121.Runners and Jumpers. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 16.) IV. 259273
122.Armour Race. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., X. 48e, 3274
123.Standing Discobolus of the Vatican. Marble Statue. From a Photograph276
124.Throwing Discobolus (after Myron) in the Vatican. Marble Statue. From a Photograph279
125.Discobolus after the Throw. Bronze Statue at Naples. From a Photograph280
126.Spear-thrower. Engraving. Reverse of Fig. 119282
127.Running, Jumping, Spear-throwing, Boxing. Vase-painting by Pamphaios, From Mon. d’Inst., XI. 24283
128.Wrestlers. Marble Group in the Uffizzi at Florence. From a Photograph287
129.Wrestlers. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., II. 24288
130.Wrestlers. Vase-painting. Idem, X. 48e, 1289
131.Wrestlers. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See p. 4.) Plate 20291
132.Boxers. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., 48e, 2294
133.Boxers. Vase-painting from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 31, 2a295
134.Gymnastic Exercise with a Sphere. Bas-relief from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 23, 2300
135.Archery. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 80, 7301
136.Women playing Musical Instruments. V.-P. from El. céram., II. 86310
137.Woman playing the Trigonon. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., V. 37313
138 and 139.Flute player. Bronze Statuette from Dodona. From Carapanos. Dodone et ses ruines. Plate 10314 and 315
140.Flute-player. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., X. 10317
141.Performance of a Flute-player. Vase-painting by Euphronios. From Wiener arch. Vorlegebl. Series V. 4318
142.Female Flute-player and Dancer with Castanets. Vase-painting by Hiero. Idem. Series C. 5319
143.Lustral Sacrifice. Vase-painting from Heydemann. Griechische Vasenbilder. Plate 11, 3331
144.Presentation of Sacrificial Offerings. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., VI. and VII. Plate 37332
145 and 146.Presentation of Sacrificial Offerings. Vase-paintings from Benndorf. (See 70.) Plate 45, 2333 and 334
147.Sacrificial Scene, Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., IX. 53339
148.Leaden Tablet with Question addressed to the Oracle of Delphi. From Carapanos. (See 138.) Plate 36, 2345
149.Putting Horses to a Chariot. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 16.) IV. 249 and 250355
150.Plan and Section of the great Theatre of Dionysus at Athens. From the Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst for 1878, p. 193393
151.Theatre of Syracuse in its present Condition. From a Photograph395
152.Theatre of Syracuse: Ground plan. From Strack. Griechisches Theater. Plate V. 1396
153.Theatre of Segesta, Reconstructed. Idem. Plate I.397
154 and 155.Tragic Mask. Terra-cotta from Vulci. From Ann. d’Inst.
1881. Plate K
427
156 and 157.Comic Masks. Idem. Plate J431
158.Comic Actor. Terra-cotta from Arch. Ztg. for 1854 Plate 69, 3432
159.Comic Actor. Terra-cotta from Kekulé. (See 41.) Plate 51, 5433
160.Masks from the Andromeda-myth. Pompeian Wall-painting from Arch. Ztg. for 1878. Plate 3435
161 and 162.Tragic Actor. Ivory Statuette from Mon. d’Inst., XI. 13437
163.Scene from Comedy (The Sick Chiron?) Vase-painting from El. céram., II. 94439
164.Scene from Comedy. (Adventure of Hercules.) Vase-painting from Arch. Vorlegebl. Series B. Plate 32, a441
165.Scene from Comedy. (Soldier and Parasite.) Pompeian Wall-painting from Mus. Borbon., IV. 18443
166.Military Chariot. Vase-painting from Compte-rendu for 1874. Plate 5453
167 and 168.Warriors putting on their Armour. From Gerhard. (See 16.) IV. 269458 and 458
169.Murder of Dolon. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 4.) Plate C, 1460
170.Achilles binds up the Wounds of Patroclus. Vase painting from Mon. d’Inst., I. 25461
171.Farewell of Amphiaraus. Idem, III. 54463
172.Equipment of a Warrior. Vase-painting by Duris. Idem, VIII. 41464
173. 174, and 175. Ancient Greek Helmets. From Helbig. (See 94.) Figs. 70-72466
176.Warriors playing Draughts. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., II. 22467
177.Death of Memnon. Vase-painting from Gerhard. (See 4.) Plate D469
178, 179, 180, 181.Spear-heads from Dodona. From Carapanos. (See 138.) Plates, 57, 8; 58, 1; 3 and 5 471 and 472
182, 183, 184. Swords from Mycenae. From Helbig. (See 94.) Figs. 90, 86 and 87 473
185 and 186. Swords from Italian Lake-dwellings. Idem. Figs. 88 and 89474
187.Head of an Arrow from Megalopolis477
188 and 189.Greek Spurs from Dodona. From Carapanos. (See 138.) Plate 52, 1 and 2479
190.Sailing Vessel. Vase-painting from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 45, 11481
191.Ship of Odysseus. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., I. 8482
192 and 193.Antique Ships with Spurs at the Prow. Vase-painting from Helbig. (See 94.) Figs. 3 and 3483
194.Ship with two Rows of Oars. V.-P. from Schreiber. (See 9.) Plate 45, 12484
195.Attic Trireme. Relief from Ann. d’Inst. 1861. Plate M, 2485
196.Men Ploughing, Vase-painting from Berichte der Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaft for 1867. Plate I. 1494
197.Olive Harvest. Idem. Plate III. 2495
198.Artisan in Exomis. Terra-cotta from Bull. de corr. hell., VII. Plate 12502
199.Shoemaker. Vase-painting. (See 196.) Plate III. 5503
200.Shoemaker’s Workshop. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., XI. 28, 1505
201.Smithy. Idem. Plate 28, 2507
202.Brass Foundry. Vase-painting. (See 196.) Plate V. 4508
203.Vase Factory. From Ann. d’Inst. 1876. Plates D, E509
204.Cook(?). Terra-cotta from Tanagra. From Arch. Ztg. for 1874. Plate 14511
205.Trade in silphium. Vase-painting from Mon. d’Inst., I. 47515
206.Slave. Terra-cotta from Bull. de cor. hellén.528