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The inequality of human races

Chapter 20: INDEX
By comte de Arthur Gobineau
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About This Book

The author advances a racialist interpretation of history, arguing that innate differences among human groups determine the rise, character, and decline of civilizations. He claims racial traits are permanent and unequal in physical beauty, strength, intellect, and linguistic capacity, and that intermixture produces degeneration and hybrid cultures. Social institutions, governments, religion, and environment are treated as secondary or ineffective causes. Organized chapters define civilization, discuss physiological separation and mixing of races, examine alleged intellectual and linguistic hierarchies—favoring a white or Aryan family—and conclude by summarizing how racial composition is presented as the primary factor shaping historical outcomes.

INDEX

  • Abraham, 123
  • Abu-Hanifah, 123
  • Achaemenidae, 176
  • Adair, 72
  • Adam, 118–9, 145
  • Æschylus, 14, 99
  • Agrippa, 17
  • Albigenses, 198
  • Alcæus, 94
  • Alexander the Great, 44, 175–6, 193
  • Alexandria, 61
  • Alexandrians, 38, 176
  • Algiers, 171
  • Alleghany race, 71, 172
  • Altaic languages, 183
  • Altai Mountains, 128, 141
  • Amalfi, 61
  • America, Anglo-Saxons of North, 39, 71, 160 n.
  • Anabaptists, 20
  • Anaxagoras, 14
  • Ancorso, 143
  • Andes, 115
  • Anglo-Saxons, 30, 69
  • Annam, 164
  • Anne, Queen, 42
  • Antilles, 50
  • Antioch, 60
  • Antonines, 15
  • Antoninus Pius, 11
  • Anubis, 66
  • Apollo, 108–9
  • Appius Claudius, 9
  • Arabs, 21, 58, 122–5, 177–9
  • Aral, Lake, 128
  • Aramaic, 194
  • Aranda, Count of, 52
  • Ararat, Mount, 142
  • Araucans, 119
  • Arbela, 33
  • Arcadia, 59
  • Arginusæ, 158
  • Aristophanes, 14, 157
  • Aristotle, 166
  • Arkansas, 71
  • Armagnacs, 12
  • Armenians, 58, 193
  • Arsacidæ, 177
  • Artibonite, 48
  • Aryan languages, 183, 188, 199
  • Aryavarta, 32
  • Aseddin, 129
  • Ashik-Pacha-Zadeh, 130 n.
  • Aspasia, 14
  • Assyria, 2, 7, 56, 79
  • Assyrians, 87, 126
  • Athene, 94
  • Athenians, 7;
    • religion, 13, 17;
    • art and politics, 157–8
  • Athens, 59, 104
  • Atlas, Mount, 141
  • Attila, 132
  • Aurelian, 17
  • Auvergne, 121
  • Aymaras, 85
  • Aztecs, 8, 13, 192
  • Baber, 129 n.
  • Babylon, 10, 194
  • Bagdad, 178
  • Baker, 137–8
  • Balaïbalan, 188
  • Bambaras, 180
  • Barrow, 121 n.
  • Basques, 194
  • Belgium, 92, 99
  • Berbers, 194, 201
  • Berlin, climate of, 38
  • Bernard, St., 69
  • Bichat, 24
  • Birman, 190
  • Blumenbach, 109–10, 119, 146
  • Bœotia, 59
  • Bordeaux, 60
  • Born, Bertran de, 197
  • Bossuet, 12
  • Brahmans, 32, 65;
  • Brazil, 125 n.
  • Bremen, 60
  • Breton, language, 201
  • Brittany, 17, 44, 101 n.
  • Buddhists, 65, 97
  • Burgundian, 201
  • Bushmen, 187
  • Caciques, 171
  • Cadiz, 150
  • Cæsar, Julius, 15, 158
  • Calabrians, 121
  • Calvinists, 41
  • Camper, 108–10
  • Canaries, 144, 155
  • Cappadocians, 193
  • Capri, 60
  • Carians, 193
  • Caroline Islands, 173
  • Carthage, 13
  • Carthaginians, 35, 38, 66, 79
  • Carus, 54 n., 74 n., 111–4, 149
  • Catalans, 92
  • Catawhas, 172
  • Cato, 158
  • Catullus, 166
  • Caucasian, 119, 146
  • Caucasus, 127, 141–2, 187
  • Celtic languages, 189–90, 196–201
  • Celts, 32, 35, 172
  • Chagres, 61
  • Charlemagne, 150
  • Charles I, of England, 41;
    • VII, of France, 43
  • Cherokees, 69, 71–2, 74, 121, 172
  • China, 7, 20;
    • climate of, 56–7
  • Chinese, 33;
    • as traders, 58;
    • Chinese Christians, 64–5;
    • material civilization, 87, 95–7;
    • permanent characteristics, 138;
    • language, 184–5
  • Chiquitos, 202
  • Chlodwig, 160 n.
  • Christianity, its fight against paganism, 45;
    • relation to civilization, chap. vii passim
  • Cicero, 158
  • Cincinnatus, 11
  • Cingalese, 126
  • Cirionos, 53
  • Civilization, Guizot’s definition, 80–1;
    • von Humboldt’s definition, 82;
    • Gobineau’s definition, 91;
    • list of —s, 211–12
  • Co-adjutor, 41
  • Columbus, 144
  • Confucius, 74 n.
  • Constantine, 15
  • Constantinople, 61, 128, 150
  • Coptic, 185 n.
  • Cordilleras, the, 64
  • Cordova, 29, 177
  • Corinth, 59
  • Coromandel Coast, 122
  • Cortes, 8, 192
  • Creeks, 71
  • Croats, 29
  • Cuba, 51
  • Cuvier, 118, 136, 141
  • Cuzco, 167
  • Cyrus the Great, 10
  • Dahomey, 48, 85
  • Damascus, 57
  • Dante, 198
  • Darius, 10, 33, 176
  • Davis, 96
  • Deccan, 147
  • Decius, 17
  • Degeneration, meaning of, 25
  • Delaware, 190
  • Delhi, 34
  • Demeter, 59, 94
  • Diocletian, 17, 96
  • Djelat-Eddin-Rumi, 188
  • Dodona, 175
  • Draco, 40
  • Druids, 44
  • Ecbatana, 175
  • Egypt, 2, 7, 56
  • Egyptians, 30, 80;
    • civilization, 87;
    • relations with Islam, 178
  • Ekkhili, 201
  • England, luxury in, 8;
    • change in institutions, 42
  • English, as rulers of India, 34;
    • civilization, 81, 92, 97–102
  • Epicurus, 13
  • Erie, Lake, 55
  • Eskimos, 64–5, 69, 131
  • Etruscans, 80, 121
  • Euhemerus, 16
  • Euphrates, 56
  • Europeans, physical and mental characteristics of, 107–8 and chaps. x, xii, xvi, passim
  • Euskara, 201, 203
  • Eve, 119
  • Fabii, 33, 159
  • Farnese Hercules, 108
  • Fatimites, 7
  • Fellatahs, 48
  • Fénelon, 12
  • Ferdinand the Catholic, 41
  • Finns, 38, 127–32, 146
  • Flourens, 116
  • France, luxury in, 8;
    • under English rule, 20;
    • change in institutions, 43
  • Franklin, 180 n.
  • Franks, 199
  • French, civilization of, 81, 92;
    • power of resistance, 152;
    • language, 189, 196–201
  • Galerius, 16
  • Galla, 67
  • Gallatin, 72
  • Gallo-Romans, 11, 197
  • Garin le Loherain, 200–1
  • Gauls, the, independence of, 170
  • Gayaseddin-Keikosrev, 129
  • Genesis, Book of, 117–8
  • Genoese, 8, 79
  • Gerando, 132
  • Germanic tribes, 87, 91, 93, 128;
  • Germany, religious wars in, 21
  • Gioberti, 151
  • Goethe, 83, 185 n.
  • Gothic, 190
  • Goths, 10, 197
  • Greece, 2, 7;
    • Christianity in, 17;
    • climate of, 59
  • Greeks, 8, 10;
    • civilization, 87–8, 92, 94;
    • religion, 142;
    • relation to Persians, 174–6;
    • language, 191–4
  • Grenada, 29
  • Grimm, Monsieur de, 49
  • Guaranis, 52–3
  • Guizot, 77–82
  • Gutenberg, 165
  • Ham, 29, 48
  • Hamites, 118, 146
  • Hanover, 92
  • Hanseatic towns, 60
  • Harmodius, 10
  • Hawaii, 47
  • Hayti, 48–51
  • Hedjaz, 178
  • Helvetius, 151
  • Henry IV, of France, 43
  • Heracles, Tyrian, 66
  • Hindus, 29–30, 76;
    • civilization, 80, 87, 91;
    • age of marriage among, 124
  • Holbach, Baron, 49
  • Holland, 92, 99
  • Homer, 157
  • Hottentots, 121, 180
  • Humboldt, A. von, 129 n., 132 n., 137 n., 144 n.
  • Humboldt, W. von, 82–4, 183 n., 187, 192, 195
  • Hungary, 29
  • Huns, 132
  • Huron, 37
  • Hussites, 20
  • Hybrids, fertility of, 115–7
  • Hyderabad, 34
  • Iberians, 172–3
  • Ibn Foszlan, 160 n.
  • Iliad, the, 199, 209
  • Illyrians, 172
  • India, 7;
    • government of, by the English, 34;
    • climate, 56–7;
    • art, 104
  • Indians, North-American, see Redskins
  • Indians, South-American, 171
  • Ishmael, 122, 177
  • Isis, 66
  • Isola Madre, 144
  • Jamaica, 51
  • James I, of England, 42
  • Janissaries, 130
  • Japanese, 64, 80
  • Japhet, 118
  • Javanese, 45, 171
  • Jerome, St., 197
  • Jesuits, 51–3, 68, 125 n.
  • Jews, 3, 29;
    • growth, 58–9;
    • religion, 66;
    • physical identity, 122–3;
    • language, 194–5
  • Jovian, 11
  • Judæa, 13
  • Julia, 15 n.
  • Julian, 16
  • Jupiter, 13
  • Kabyles, 57
  • Kaffirs, 85, 180
  • Kalidasa, 157
  • Kalmucks, 108
  • Kamaun, 147
  • Kamehameha III, 47
  • Katai Mountains, 128
  • Kawi, 190
  • Khalil Chendereli, 130
  • Khorsabad, 126
  • Kirghiz-Kasaks, 132
  • Klemm, 86 n.
  • Koran, 123–4
  • Krapff, 125 n.
  • Kurds, 29
  • Lællius, 14
  • Lahore, 34
  • Lander, 180
  • Languedoc, 122
  • Langue d’oil, 197, 199–201
  • Lapps, 69, 127, 131, 133
  • Latin, rustic, 196–7
  • Leila, 124
  • Lenni-Lenapes, 55 n., 190–1
  • Lingua romana, 189, 197–9
  • Littré, 199
  • London, mixture of races in, 150
  • Louis XIV, 12, 21, 151
  • Lucrece, 9
  • Ludolf, 114 n.
  • Lutherans, Danish, 69
  • Lycurgus, 40, 42
  • Lyons, 60
  • Macaulay, Lord, 198
  • Macedonians, the, 30, 175
  • Magadha, 7
  • Magi, 13
  • Magyars, 29, 131–3
  • Malabar, 122
  • Malays, 58, 111–3, 152, 208
  • Manchus, 20
  • Manu, Code of, 32
  • Marcius, Ancus, 15 n.
  • Marianne Islands, the, 172
  • Marseilles, 60
  • Martial, 166
  • Martinique, 51
  • Maximin, 16
  • Medusa, 109
  • Meiners, 107 n.
  • Memphis, 38
  • Meru, 142
  • Mexico, Gulf of, 55
  • Mieris, 113 n.
  • Milan, 60
  • Mississippi, 71
  • Missouri, 55
  • Mohammedans, 51, 177–9
  • Mohammed IV, 130
  • Mohammed (the Prophet), 177–8
  • Mongols, 20;
    • Mongol Christians, 64;
    • material civilization, 85;
    • physical characteristics, 111–5, 150.
    • See also Yellow Races
  • Montausier, the, 12
  • Montpellier, 178
  • Moors, 41
  • Moravians, 69, 161
  • Morosini, 193
  • Morton, 111
  • Mulattoes, 149, 209
  • Muskhogees, 172
  • Mussulmans, see Mohammedans
  • Napoleon, 41, 151
  • Narbonese Gaul, 44
  • Narbonne, 60
  • Natchez, 172
  • Negroes, incapacity for civilization, 74–5;
    • physical and mental characteristics, chaps. x, xii, xvi, passim
  • Nero, 17
  • Nestorians, 29
  • Neustria, 133
  • New Zealanders, 152
  • Nimroud, 168
  • Nineveh, 104
  • Normandy, climate of, 144
  • Normans, 31, 60
  • Novgorod, 60
  • Numidia, 94
  • Nushirwan, 128 n.
  • Oceania, 46, 57, 107, 116, 162
  • Odenathus, 177
  • Oghuzes, 128–9
  • Olympia, 175
  • Olympus, Mount, 142
  • d’Orbigny, 163 n., 202
  • Orenburg, 76
  • Ortoghrul, 129
  • Osman, 129–30
  • Osmanlis, 129–30
  • Ostiaks, 127, 133
  • Othomi, 185 n.
  • Owen, 109–11
  • Palestine, climate of, 59
  • Palmyra, 177
  • Panama, 61
  • Paraguay, 51–3, 125 n.
  • Parana, 53
  • Paris, 10, 43, 60;
    • mixture of races in, 150
  • Park, Mungo, 180
  • Parsees, 29
  • Parthenon, 193
  • Pathans, 76
  • Paul, St., 17
  • Pecheray, 150
  • Pelagian, 150
  • Penn, 39
  • Pericles, 14, 94, 157
  • Permians, 133
  • Persepolis, 126, 176
  • Persians, 8, 13, 29–30, 33;
    • relation to Greeks, 174–6;
    • relation to Arabs, 178–9
  • Peru, 13, 85
  • Peruvians, 80, 115;
    • civilization, 167;
    • language, 192
  • Philæ, 104
  • Philip of Macedon, 94
  • Philip the Arabian, 177
  • Phœnicians, 9, 35, 57, 79
  • Picardy, 201
  • Piedmont, 87
  • Pindar, 94, 157
  • Pisans, 8, 79
  • Plato, 157, 166
  • Pliny, 159, 166
  • Plutarch, 5
  • Polynesians, 27, 85, 147
  • Pompeius, 158
  • Pontus, 7
  • Postumus, C. Junius, 159
  • Prætorian Guard, 16
  • Prakriti, 86
  • Prichard, 8, 73, chap. x passim, 123, 125, 137, 146
  • Prometheus, 142
  • Purusha, 86
  • Quaternary type, 149
  • Quichuas, 85, 115
  • Quito, 167
  • Radack Islands, the, 143
  • Ravenna, 61
  • Raynal, Abbé, 6
  • Rechabites, 122
  • Redskins of North America, their treatment, 46;
    • skull-measurement, 111–2;
    • exclusiveness, 170–1
  • Regent of France (Anne of Austria), 41
  • Rocky Mountains, 55
  • Roman Empire, fall of, 2–3, 33
  • Romans, 8, 9;
    • civilization, 87, 92, 94–7;
    • modernity, 158–9;
    • diffusion of books among, 166
  • Rome, luxury in, 8;
    • religion in, 13, 17, 66;
    • climate of, 59–60
  • Rosa, St., 68
  • Roussillon, 122
  • Rubens, 113 n.
  • Rûm, 129
  • Russia, 8, 152
  • Russians, 76
  • de Sacy, 187
  • Sakuntala, 124
  • Salsette, 104
  • Samal, 143
  • Samoyedes, 27, 85, 127, 131
  • San Domingo, 48–51
  • Sandwich Islands, 46–7
  • Sanscrit, 188–91, 203
  • Saracens, 197
  • Sarah, 123
  • Sassanidæ, 177
  • Saxons, 29
  • Scandinavians, 133, 209
  • Schlotzer, 132
  • Scilly Isles, 173
  • Scipio, 14, 35
  • Scythians, 129 n., 133
  • Seljukians, 129–30
  • Seminoles, 172
  • Semites, 29, 118, 146
  • Semitic languages, 184, 188–9
  • Seneca, 161
  • Septimius Severus, 11
  • Shahnameh, the, 209
  • Sharuz, 128
  • Shelley, 37 n.
  • Shem, 29
  • Siamese, 164 n.
  • Siculi, 132
  • Sicyon, 175
  • Sidon, 57
  • Slavs, 32, 74, 92
  • Socrates, 14
  • Sophocles, 14
  • Spain, 20; Arabs in, 29
  • Spaniards, in South America, 46, 52;
    • independence of, 170
  • Sparta, 59, 175
  • Spartacus, 159
  • Spartans, 9, 40, 79
  • Squier, 55 n.
  • St. Bartholomew’s day, 12
  • Strafford, Earl of, 41
  • Suetonius, 15 n.
  • Sufis, 188
  • Sulla, 158
  • Sulpicius Severus, 197
  • Swabia, 79
  • Switzerland, 124;
    • climate of, 144
  • Syria, 79
  • Syrians, 94, 172, 177–9
  • Tacitus, 5, 17
  • Tahitians, 154
  • Talmud, 195
  • Tatars, 146
  • Tchingiz, 129 n.
  • Tenochtitlan, 104
  • Terah, 194
  • Teresa, St., 69
  • Tertiary type, 147
  • Tertullian, 159
  • Teutates, 13
  • Thebaid, 69
  • Thirty Tyrants, 20
  • Thucydides, 6
  • Thuringia, 79
  • Tiberius, 60
  • Tibetans, 80, 91, 97
  • Tigris, 56
  • Tihuanaco, 167
  • Tlaxcala, 159
  • Tocqueville, de, 72 n.
  • Toledo, 29
  • Tonga-Tabu, 154
  • Tonkin, 164
  • Toulouse, 60
  • Touraine, 100 n.
  • Trajan, 11, 159
  • Treves, 60, 197
  • Tribunate, the, 9
  • Triptolemus, 59
  • Tungusians, 117, 127, 133
  • Turanians, 128
  • Turkestan, 128
  • Turkey, 29
  • Turks, 29, 127–31
  • Tylos, 57
  • Tyre, 13, 57
  • Ulea, 143
  • Ulfilas, 190
  • Ur, 194
  • Urkan, 130
  • Uruguay, 53
  • Valentia, 29
  • Valerius Publicola, 10
  • Valmiki, 157
  • Vaqueiras, Raimbaut de, 198
  • Venetians, 8, 79
  • Venice, 60
  • Venus, 108
  • Virgil, 166
  • Voltaire, 5
  • Vrolik, 114–5
  • Wallachians, 29, 190
  • Wanikas, 125 n.
  • Washington, 39
  • White races, definition, 146;
    • see also Europeans
  • William III, of England, 21, 81
  • Xerxes, 176
  • Yellow races, physical and mental characteristics of, chaps. x, xii, xvi passim;
    • definition, 146;
    • see also Mongols
  • Yemen, 178
  • Yolofs, 180
  • Yo-kiao-li, 125 n.
  • Yunnan, 87
  • Zama, battle of, 35
  • Zend, 201
  • Zeno, 14
  • Zenobia, 177
  • Zerubbabel, 194
  • Zingaris, 124, 195 n.
  • Zita, St., 69
  • Zuleika, 124