Printed in Great Britain
by
Billing and Sons Ltd., Guildford and Esher
Transcriber's notes:
Minor typographical errors and inconsistencies in the original have been silently corrected. In many places, ditto marks have been replaced with their intended text. Page boundaries have been recorded in comments in the html markup.
The following changes to the text have been made:
| Location | Original | Emendation |
|---|---|---|
| Par. 29 | accusative form— -N in the singular, or— -JN in the plural. | accusative form -N in the singular, or -JN in the plural. |
| Par. 69 | aŭ, rozojn belajn | or, rozojn belajn |
| Footnote 19 | seen from the following examples | seen from the examples |
| Par. 261(i) | Represented as under:— | Represented by:— |
| Exercise 36 | (aŭ, personoj regataj) | (or, personoj regataj) |
| Par. 147 | at for all time | for all time |
The original book had a list of errata which have been applied to the text. In many cases these were simple corrections. But in places that would have required more extensive rewriting, the errata have been included as footnotes. This has resulted in some footnotes that contradict the main body of the text. For reference, the original errata list is included below.
Notes on the Current Edition of Cox’s
"ESPERANTO GRAMMAR AND COMMENTARY"
As this edition is a photographic reprint of the last it has not been possible to introduce emendations or additions, and it is thought that the following notes will be helpful to students using the book.
(Figures refer to pages and lines, thus: "46/8" means "page 46, line 8". The letter "m" after a line number means "from bottom of page").
xxiii/4. Read "passing through the world".
xxiv/11. For "pri tempoj" read "pri l’ tempoj".
33. Add prefix MIS-, denoting mis-, amiss, wrongly, erroneously.
37/18-20. The words "Kiuj ... week" should be transferred to par. (c).
37/8m. After "how much" insert "how many’th".
38/6 and 58/8. After "word" add "or words".
46/8. In the Fundamento, Zamenhof used capital letters to begin the names of months. In his mature style he also used capitals for nouns and adjectives of nationality, e.g. Angla, Anglo, Dana, Franco.
49/1m. For "Tiu" read "Tio".
53/19. The use here of the preposition je is not recommended.
66. The second paragraph requires qualification. For "adjectives and adverbs" read "derived adjectives and adverbs": the principle dealt with in the paragraph applies to words consisting of roots plus one or more grammatical endings. There are several words in Esperanto (e.g. tra, tre, tro, la, je, po) which are thus outside the principle as stated.
67/6. For "Tiu estas floro" read "Tio estas floro"
68. Section (b) is too strict. In practice the definite article is often used before proper names, and one can say (e.g.) la Alpoj, la Mediteraneo, etc.
69. In section (b) read "It is not generally used".
72/7m. For "Tiu estas ... " read "Tio estas ... "
73/4. Replace "Ĉu tiu ĉi ... " by "Ĉu ĉi tio ... "
80. Section (g). This use of unu is not recommended.
81/3m. For "kvaro da pikoj" read "kvaro pika", and for "seso da keroj" read "seso kera".
87/4. For "Tiu estas bela ... " read "Tio estas bela ... "
87/6. This use of ĝi for a person is not recommended, and li (or tiu) would be better in a case where there is doubt as to the sex.
96/11. For "Occasionally" read "Often". Zamenhof advised the placing of ĉi normally before the demonstrative,—as in the example (Ĉi tiu) here given, and ĉi tie, ĉi tien in the next paragraph.
101/2. "Mi ĵus ... " is preferable to "ĵus mi ... "
102/12m. For "Tagon" read "Iun tagon".
128/15. For "de du horoj" read "du horojn", and delete "from" in the next line.
140/8. For "plenaj je vivo" read "plenaj de vivo".
140/22. For "of speaking" read "spoken of".
165/6-8. For "more and more" read "in addition, besides". Delete "Malplie = Less and less" and "Malpleje = at (the) least, least", as these usages are seldom employed.
165/11. For "signifas" read "gravas".
170/5m. For "Mi jam ĝin ankoraŭ ... " read "Mi ĝin ankoraŭ ... "
175/7. For "He has nothing at all" read "He has none at all".
180. Delete the item "(Spite) ... " The expression "in spite of" is usually best translated by malgraŭ.
184/17. For "kaj tiam ... " read "kaj tuj poste ... "
184/20. For "kaj tiam kuris ... " read "kaj poste kuris ... "
187/16m. For "the preceding" read "this".
191/10. For "leĝoj" read "juro".
191/3m. For "da vortoj" read "de vortoj".
192/3m. For "de la breto" read "de sur la breto".
193/3 and 19. It is a question whether dum can ever be correctly described as adverb: and the reference to Zamenhof’s use of it as such is mistaken.
195/12m. For "en (or, el)" read "el". En cannot be correctly used here.
197/20. For "vidas" read "vidis".
199/20. For "diversaj flankoj" read "diversajn flankojn". (Alternatively, replace "en" by "al" and retain the nominative case).
201/22. For "havas la tempon" read "havas tempon".
203/16. For "Tiu estas verko ... " read "Tio estas verko ... "
204. Spite is not a preposition, but an adverb, and to translate the prepositional form "in spite of" it is usually better to use malgraŭ, as indicated above under the reference to p. 180. The expression in defiance of can be suitably rendered by spite followed by the accusative case (as shown in the footnote). In the Examples "ĉio" should be replaced by "ĉion" and "mia malamiko" by "mian malamikon".
206/4m. For "tiam" read "poste".
214/2. For "da vortoj" read "de vortoj".
216. Add Kontraŭ, as:—Li batalis kontraŭ la malamiko = He fought with the enemy.
219/6m. and 8m. Better use aliflanke for on the other hand.
233/8. For "armajo" read "armaĵo", and for "bovajo" read "bovaĵo".
233/15m. For "a good (action)" read "a good (action or thing)".
237/1m. For "lump" read "grain".
239/14m. Delete "serviceable": and replace "serviceableness" by "inclination to serve".
249/21. Delete this line. Magistrato does not mean a magistrate: it means the local civic authority (e.g. a Borough or District Council).
251/7. Asterisk amindumi.
273/4m. For "sukereron" read "sukerpecon", and delete the footnote.
276/12. For "miaj protestoj" read "miajn protestojn" and for "ĉio" read "ĉion".
276/18. For "tiam" read "poste".
279/2m. For "miljoro" read "miljaro".
288/5m. "mia" is here preferable to "miaj". (See Zamenhof’s Ekzercaro, par. 36).
290/5m. For "Tiu ĉi estis ..." read "Ĉi tio estis ..."
301/20. For "estas subtenita" read "estis subtenata".
304/1m. For "leteron" read "literon", and for "kiu" read "kaj tiu signo".
307/3m. For "el" read "pri".
311/10. For "unuenaskita" read "unuenaskito".
311/21. For "radika" read "radikala".
331/23. For "de ĉi tiu" read "de ĉi tio".
332/7. For "Kia lingvo estas?" read "Kia lingvo ĝi estas?"