The New Astronomy

INDEX.

• Abbe, Professor, 56.
• Actinism, 71.
• Adams, Professor, 195.
• Africa, 116.
• Ages, stellar, 238.
• Air:
• dancing, 17;
• a medium, 33;
• continuous, 176;
• rarefied, 179;
• motes, 181;
• nimble, 191.
• (See Atmosphere.)
• Airless Mountains, 160.
• Air-wave, 185.
• Aitken’s Researches, 181.
• Alaska, 38.
• Aldebaran, 222, 235, 236, 246.
• Algot, 228.
• Allegheny Observatory, 17, 19, 84, 86.
• (See Langley.)
• Alphonsus Ring-plain, 156.
• Alps, 39, 148, 151, 167, 181.
• (See Apennines, Lunar.)
• American Astronomers, 227.
• American Continents, 20, 21, 31.
• (See South.)
• Andalusia, 53.
• Animalculæ, 224.
• Animals:
• food, 74;
• fright, 42.
• (See Dog.)
• Antares, 238.
• Ants, 223.
• (See Insects.)
• Apennines, 151, 153, 155, 160, 167.
• (See Alps, Lunar.)
• Apples, 171.
• Arab Traditions, 194.
• (See Moslem.)
• Arago, quoted, 41, 42.
• Archimedes, 94.
• Archimedes Crater, 151–153, 155.
• Arctic Cold, 159.
• Arctic Pole, 96.
• Arcturus, 208, 211.
• Aristillus Crater, 151.
• Aristotelian Philosophy, 8.
• Arzachel, 156, 161.
• Asteroids, 128.
• Astrology, 127.
• Astronomers and Priests, 1–3.
• (See American, New, Old.)
• Astronomical Day, 85, 86.
• Atmosphere, 136, 180;
• as a shield, 216, 220.
• (See Air.)
• Atolls, 152.
• Auger, simile, 31.
• Aurora Borealis, 35, 67, 212.
• Autolycus Crater, 151.
• Axis, 9, 10.
• Babel, 96.
• Bain Telegraph, 88.
• Balloons, 176.
• Bees, 124.
• (See Insects.)
• Berkeley’s Theory, 70.
• Berlin Observatory, 233.
• Bernières’s Lens, 103.
• Bessemer Steel, 104–108.
• Birds, 172, 196, 197.
• (See Animals.)
• Black Hole, 73.
• Bond, Professor, 204.
• Boston, Mass., 88, 132.
• Bothkamp, observations at, 66.
• Breadstuffs, 78, 79.
• (See Grain, Sun-spots, Wheat.)
• Bridges, 20, 68.
• Britain, Ancient, 1, 234.
• (See England.)
• British Isles, 14, 25.
• Brocken Spectre, 55.
• Brothers, Mr., 50.
• Bubbles, 168.
• Buffer, the air as a, 216, 220.
• Bunsen’s Researches, 12.
• Burnham, W. S., 233.
• Burning-glasses, 102–104.
• Burning Heat, 160, 163.
• Cactus, 14, 24.
• Calcutta, 73.
• California, 151, 180.
• Cambric Needle (q. v.), experiment, 132.
• Cambridge Observations, 227, 245–247.
• Camera Obscura, 63.
• Campanus Crater, 163, 165.
• Candle, simile, 39.
• Cannon-ball, 5, 38, 41, 98, 135, 186, 211.
• Canopus, 234.
• Carbon, 72, 73, 107, 221.
• Carbonic-acid Gas, 219.
• Carpenter’s Studio, 140.
• Carrington’s Work, 79, 87.
• Carthage, 116.
• Cassini, 42.
• Cassiopeia, 229.
• Cataclysm, 30.
• Centimetres, 93.
• Chacornac’s Drawing, 33.
• Chambers, on sun-spots, 80.
• Charleston Earthquake (q. v.), 42.
• Chemical Elements, 221, 223.
• Cherry-stone, comparison, 196.
• Chicago:
• great fire, 134;
• astronomer, 233.
• China:
• lens, 103, 104;
• soil, 180.
• Chlorophyl, 73.
• Chocolate, simile, 107.
• Cholera, 80.
• Chromosphere, 7;
• clouds, 62;
• forms, 64–68.
• Cinders, 171.
• Clark’s Glasses, 123.
• Cliffs, 164.
• Clock, 135.
• Cloud-ocean, 179.
• Clouds:
• cirrous, 27, 28;
• beautiful, 54;
• and rain, 111;
• formed, 249.
• Coal-beds, 115.
• Coal:
• energy, 73–75, 111;
• destroyed, 97;
• wasted, 101;
• stock, 112.
• Cobweb, simile, 26.
• Cold:
• and eclipses, 40;
• in planets, 136.
• Colorado, 50.
• Colors:
• in eclipses (q. v.), 65;
• mental, 70, 71;
• in Jupiter (q. v.), 127;
• in moon (q. v.), 168;
• in stars (q. v.), 227;
• spectrum (q. v.), 236.
• Comet-hunters, 204, 207.
• Comets:
• chapter, 199–220;
• Donati’s, 201, 204, 205, 207, 209, 217;
• one part, 203;
• parts and name, 208;
• tail (q. v.), 208, 211;
• diameter and parts, 216;
• spectroscope, elements, dread, 219;
• numerous, stone, 219, 220;
• kernel, 220;
• (1858), 213–216;
• (1866), 200.
• Common, A. A., 239, 247.
• Compass, 86.
• Connecticut Observations, 186, 242.
• Converter, 104–108.
• Coral, 151.
• Corn, 111.
• (See Grain.)
• Corona, 7, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 45–52, 55, 56, 59, 60–62.
• Cotton-mill, 74.
• Counting, 94.
• Cracks, celestial, 163.
• Craters, 164.
• (See special names.)
• Crystalline Structure, 4, 23–27.
• Cyclones, 24, 31, 32, 68.
• Decay, 248, 249.
• Delambre’s History, 207.
• De la Rue’s Engraving, 125.
• Delfthaven, 5.
• Denning’s Theory, 197.
• Diamonds, melted, 103.
• Dies Iræ, 249.
• Dipper, 207, 208.
• (See Great Bear, Polar.)
• Diurnal Oscillation, 87.
• Dog, anecdote of, 42.
• (See Animals.)
• Donati, 201, 204, 205, 207, 209, 213, 217.
• (See Comets.)
• Double Stars, 233.
• Draper, Professor Henry, 128, 246, 247.
• Ducks, noise, 188.
• Dust, 34, 100, 101, 102, 105, 197.
• Dynamite, 182, 185, 220.
• Earth:
• relations, 3, 4;
• description difficult, 6;
• temperature (q. v.), 34, 101;
• a string of earths, 96;
• stars like, 118;
• seen from outside, 133–135;
• craters, 148.
• Earthquakes, 220.
• (See Charleston.)
• Earth-shine, 167, 172.
• Eclipses:
• total, 7, 37;
• screen, 36;
• three, 39, 55;
• partial, 40;
• singular gloom, 39–43;
• causing fright, 43;
• colors (q. v.), 48, 56, 61, 65, 66;
• (1842), 41;
• (1857), 48;
• (1869), 39, 40;
• (1870), 44, 61;
• (1871), 50, 66, 68;
• (1878), 38, 50, 57, 58.
• (See Total.)
• Egypt, 116, 234.
• (See Pyramids.)
• Electricity, 13, 75, 76.
• Electric Light, 7.
• Electric Spark, 242.
• (See Lightning.)
• Electric Storm, 84, 85, 88.
• Elizabeth, Queen, 115.
• Engine-power, 98, 111.
• England:
• fleets, 2;
• coal, 115.
• (See Britain, London.)
• Engraving, 17.
• Enigma, 228.
• Ephemera, 250, 251.
• Equatorial Landscape, 13, 17, 18, 47.
• Equatorial Telescope, 122.
• Ericsson:
• engravings, 112, 113;
• discoveries, 163.
• Eruptive Promontories, 66–68.
• Etna, 164, 181.
• Europe, size, 25.
• Evolution, planetary, 139.
• Explosive Forces, 182–194.
• Eye, 71, 227.
• Eye-pieces, 47, 63.
• Fabricius’s Observations, 8.
• Fact and Fancy, 175.
• Factory, 73.
• Faculæ, 32, 33.
• Falling, 242, 243.
• Falling Stars, 193.
• (See Meteors, Shooting.)
• Faraday, Michael, 76.
• Fault, technical term, 156.
• Faust, 139.
• Faye:
• theory, 29–32;
• on Comets’ Tails, 212.
• Fern-like Forms, 25, 26.
• Filaments, 25–27, 30, 55, 56, 65, 66, 68.
• Fire, in sun (q. v.), 92.
• (See Flames, Heat.)
• Fixed Stars, 233.
• Flame-like Appearances, 23, 24.
• Flames, 65, 66, 69, 185.
• Flashes, 189, 195.
• Flax, 111.
• Flowers, color (q. v.), 70.
• (See Rose, Plants.)
• Foliage-forms, 32.
• Fontenelle’s Story, 133.
• Forbes’s Observations, 38, 39.
• Frankenstein, 221.
• Franklin’s Discoveries, 76.
• Fraunhofer Studies, 235.
• French Institute, 186.
• Frost-crystals (q. v.), 23.
• Furnaces, 101.
• Galileo, 8, 121–123, 139, 140.
• Gas:
• glowing, 44;
• in sun, 60.
• Gas-jets, 40, 61, 68, 88.
• Gassendi’s View, 172, 173.
• Gelinck’s Observations, 80.
• Geminids, 196.
• Genii, 193.
• Geographers and Geologists, 133.
• Glare, 14, 18, 62–64.
• Glass:
• spun, 26;
• globe, 145.
• Glow-worms, 7, 117.
• Good Hope Observations, 80.
• Gould’s Researches, 80.
• Grain, prices, 77, 80, 87.
• (See Corn, Sun-spots, Wheat.)
• Gramarye, 92.
• Grass-blades, 66, 72.
• Grasses, 26.
• Gravitation, 72, 203;
• negative, 215.
• Great Bear, 207.
• (See Dipper, Polar.)
• Green’s Maps, 130.
• Greenwich Observatory, 2, 81, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89.
• Gulliver’s Travels, 131, 132.
• (See Swift.)
• Gunpowder, 186.
• Guns, 135.
• (See Cannon-ball.)
• Hall Island, 130.
• Hall, Professor, 131.
• Hand, illustration, 168.
• Harkness’s Observations, 44.
• Harvests, 90.
• Hastings, Professor, 60.
• Heat:
• development, 13;
• concentration, 19;
• loss, 29;
• confinement, 33;
• sensation, 71;
• vibrations, 72;
• energy, 91;
• amount, 92, 97;
• computation, 94–96;
• diminution, 101;
• emission, 102;
• storage, 111;
• in sugar, 188.
• (See Flames, Sun.)
• Hecla, 164, 181.
• Hedgehog-spines, simile, 68.
• Helmholtz’s Estimates, 98.
• Hengist and Horsa, 1.
• (See Britain.)
• Hercules, 238.
• Herschel, Sir John:
• sun-spots, 12–14;
• electric storms, 88;
• comet’s tail, 216.
• Herschel, Sir William:
• avoidance of light, 18;
• prices, 79;
• sun-spots (q. v.), 129.
• Herschel’s Outlines, 11.
• Holden, Professor, 124.
• Honeycomb Structure, 30.
• Huggins’s Experiment, 234, 235.
• Humanity, deified, 172.
• Human Race, 250.
• Humboldt, 195.
• Humming-bird, 70.
• Hunt, Professor, 136, 219.
• Hydrogen, 68, 99, 237.
• Ibrahim, King, story, 194, 195.
• Ice:
• melted, 95, 96;
• never melted, 163, 164.
• Imbrian Sea, 151.
• Insects, 224, 250.
• (See Ants, Bees.)
• Iron:
• melting, 19, 107;
• appearance of cold, 25;
• in sun, 28;
• in man, 221;
• in stars, 236, 237.
• (See Steel.)
• Ironstone, 188.
• Ivy, 115.
• Janssen’s Observations, 61.
• Jevons, Professor, 80.
• Joseph in Egypt, 90.
• Jumping, 241, 242.
• Jupiter, 79, 118, 124, 127–129, 156, 185, 229.
• Kensington Museum, 221.
• Kepler, on Comets, 219.
• Kernels, 220.
• Kew, 88.
• Kirchoff’s Researches, 12.
• Krakatao, 181, 185, 186.
• La Harpe, quoted, 207.
• Landscape, 169.
• Langley, Prof. S. P.:
• drawings, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 28, 30;
• note-book, 24;
• expedition, 180;
• study of Reflection, 216.
• (See Allegheny, Pittsburg.)
• Latent Power, 220.
• Laws of Nature, 250, 251.
• Leaf-like Appearances, 23.
• (See Willow.)
• Lenses, 102, 103;
• Galileo’s, 123.
• Leo, 195, 197.
• Liais’s Drawing, 48, 50.
• Lick Glass, 123.
• Light:
• development, 13;
• day and night, 35;
• white (q. v.), 48;
• mental (see Eye), 71;
• from balloon, 179;
• transmitted, 227.
• (See Sun.)
• Lightning, 75, 76, 242, 244, 245.
• (See Electric.)
• Lily, 73.
• (See Flowers.)
• Limited Express Train, 5.
• Loaf-sugar, experiment, 188.
• Lockyer’s Land, 130.
• Lockyer’s Solar Physics, 59, 61, 236, 238.
• Lombardy, 151.
• London, 111.
• Lost Pleiad (q. v.), 207.
• Louis XV., 42.
• Louis XVI., 221.
• Lunar Alps (q. v.), 148, 149.
• (See Moon.)
• Lunar Apennines (q. v.), 153.
• Lunar Shadows, 36, 37, 39, 56.
• Lyrids, 196, 200.
• Macartney’s Lens, 103.
• Maelstrom, 27.
• Magic Lantern, simile, 220.
• Magnesium, 236, 237.
• Magnetic Needle, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 89.
• Mammoth Cave, 40.
• Man, chemistry of, 221, 233.
• (See Humanity.)
• Manhattan Island, 111.
• Mare Crisium, 143.
• Mare Serenitatis, 143, 144.
• Mars, 118, 128–132, 148.
• Mason’s Publication, 137.
• Matterhorn, 148, 167.
• Mayflower, 5.
• Meadows, 172.
• Mecca, 175.
• Medusa, 228.
• Memnon, 234.
• Mercator, 163, 165.
• Mercury, 3, 118, 136, 229.
• Messier, anecdote, 207.
• Metals, melted, 103.
• (See Iron.)
• Metaphysics, 70, 71.
• Meteorites:
• around Saturn, 124;
• recent, 187;
• lawsuit, 187, 188;
• analyzed, 191, 192;
• in Iowa, 199, 200;
• swarm, 200;
• cracking, 211.
• Meteors, 98, 175–198;
• (1868), 189.
• (See Falling, Shooting.)
• Meunier’s Investigations, 192.
• Mexican Gulf, 38.
• Microcosm, 222.
• Micromegas, 223.
• Microscope, 224.
• Middle Ages, 91, 175.
• Milky Way, 224, 225.
• Milton, quoted, 14, 38.
• Mind-causation, 70, 71.
• Mirror, 102, 107.
• Mississippi, 134.
• Mites, 224.
• Mizar, 207.
• M’Leod’s Drawing, 44.
• Monochromatic Light (q. v.), 63.
• Montaigne of Limoges, 207.
• Mont Blanc, 156.
• Monte Rosa, 167.
• Moon:
• practical observations, 2;
• newly studied, 3;
• distance, 4–6;
• size, 5, 6, 140, 156;
• shadows (q. v.), 36, 125;
• in sun-eclipse, 41;
• planetary relations, 117–174;
• and Jupiter, 127;
• photograph, 137;
• full, 141, 144, 147;
• Man in the, 143;
• mountains, 144;
• craters, 147, 148;
• temperature, 159;
• airless, 160;
• landscape (q. v.), 169;
• age, 171;
• broken up, 192;
• like comet, 215.
• (See Lunar.)
• Moslem Traditions, 175, 194.
• (See Arab.)
• Moss, 160.
• Mouchot’s Engravings, 109, 112.
• Mountain Sickness, 50, 53.
• Naples, 155, 157.
• (See Vesuvius.)
• Napoleon, 80, 134.
• Nasmyth’s Researches, 11, 12, 14, 24, 25, 140.
• Nativity of Jesus, 229.
• Nature’s Laws (q. v.), 176.
• Nebulæ, 247.
• Needle, 228.
• (See Cambric.)
• Neptune, 121.
• Nerves, none in camera, 47.
• Nerve Transmission, 5, 6.
• New Astronomy, 4, 75, 76, 117, 121, 171, 193, 222, 224, 227, 235, 246, 248.
• (See Old.)
• Newcomb, Professor, 55.
• Newspapers, printed by the sun, 74.
• Newton, Professor, 191, 195–197.
• Newton, Sir Isaac, 136, 203, 211;
• on Comets, 215, 219.
• Nightmare, 67.
• Northern Crown, 208, 211, 230.
• Novelists, theme for, 193, 228.
• Nucleus, 11, 19, 216.
• (See Comets, Corona.)
• Oceans, 179.
• Old Astronomy, 199, 203, 233.
• (See New.)
• Organisms in sun (q. v.), 13.
• Orion, 238, 239, 247.
• Oxygen, 73.
• Pacific Ocean, 180.
• Palinurus, 243.
• Parable, 224.
• Paris:
• Observatory, 42, 233, 247;
• Exposition, 112.
• Parker’s Lens, 103.
• Peirce, Professor, 44.
• Pennsylvania Coal, 97.
• Penumbra, 11, 19, 20.
• Perpignan, France, 42.
• Perseus, 196.
• Persian Rugs, 70.
• Philadelphia, 88.
• Philosopher’s Stone, 92.
• Phœbus, 34.
• Phosphorus, 221.
• Photographic Plate, 71.
• Photography, 9, 19, 128, 236, 237, 241, 244, 247, 248;
• rapid, 242.
• Photometer, 56, 108.
• Photometry, 230.
• Photosphere, 7, 17, 64.
• Pickering, Professor, 132, 227, 228, 246.
• Pico Summit, 148.
• Piffard, Dr. H. G., 245.
• Pike’s Peak, 50, 53–57, 60.
• Pilgrim Fathers, 5.
• Pine-boughs, 25.
• Pine-trees, 60, 72.
• Pittsburg Observations, 18, 19.
• (See Allegheny, Langley.)
• Planetoids, 196, 197, 229.
• Planets:
• condition, 97;
• pulverized, 100;
• and moon, 117–174;
• isolated, 176.
• (See Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Saturn, Sirius, Stars.)
• Plants, 72, 73.
• (See Flowers.)
• Plato Crater, 147, 148, 151, 152.
• Pleiades, 17, 231, 245.
• (See Lost.)
• Plume, The, 19, 23, 24, 55.
• Pointers, 208.
• (See Dipper.)
• Poison, 222.
• Polariscope, 49.
• Polarization, 18.
• Polarizing Eye-piece, 14, 18.
• Polar Star, 230.
• (See Great Bear.)
• Polyp, 152.
• Pores, 24.
• Pouillet’s Invention, 93.
• Printing, indebtedness to the sun, 74.
• Prism, 63, 64.
• (See Colors, Scarlet.)
• Proctor’s Observations, 14, 59, 69, 87.
• Prospero’s Wand, 221.
• Ptolemy, 155, 161.
• Pyramids, 99, 117, 233, 234.
• (See Egypt.)
• Pyrheliometer, 93.
• Race, simile, 179.
• Radiant Energy, 71, 74;
• rate, 104.
• Radiation, 101, 108.
• Railway Explosion, 182, 183.
• Railway, The, 156.
• Rain, 111.
• Rainbow, 70.
• Ranyard’s Photographs, 50.
• Red Sea, 116.
• Reflection, 216.
• Repulsive Force, 215.
• Ribbons, 70, 236.
• Rifts, 163, 164.
• Rings, 123, 124, 152, 155.
• (See Saturn.)
• Rockets, 67, 68.
• Rocky Mountains, 88, 89, 180.
• Roman Boy, 34.
• Rope, 20, 26.
• Rose-leaf, 63, 70.
• (See Leaves.)
• Rowland’s Photographs, 237.
• Ruskin, quoted, 29.
• Russia, 134.
• Rutherfurd Photographs, 8, 9, 137, 143, 155, 234.
• Sal-ammoniac, 14, 25.
• Salisbury Plain, 1, 2.
• Sandstone, 192.
• Saturn, 118, 119, 121, 123, 124, 127–129, 136, 215.
• Saturnian Dwarfs, 223, 224.
• Saul, comparison, 77.
• Saxon Forefathers, 1, 2.
• (See Britain.)
• Scarlet, 67.
• (See Colors.)
• Schwabe, Hofrath, 76, 77, 87.
• Scott, Sir Walter, quoted, 92.
• Screen, 10, 35–37.
• Seas, lunar (q. v.), 143.
• Secchi, Father, 14, 15, 24, 25, 29, 30, 43, 59, 235.
• Segmentations, 30, 31.
• Self-luminosity, 215.
• Sextant, 224.
• Shadows. (See Lunar.)
• Shakspeare, quoted, 60, 220.
• Sheaves, 68.
• Shelbyville, 42, 43.
• Sherman, observations at, 88.
• Ship, comparison, 133.
• (See Steamer.)
• Shooting-stars, 35, 193, 196, 198, 199.
• (See Falling, Meteors.)
• Sicily, 50.
• (See Etna.)
• Siemens, Sir William, 111.
• Sierra Nevada, 151, 160, 180.
• Signal Service, 90.
• Silicon, 107.
• Sirius, 179, 222–224, 236–238.
• Slits, 59, 63, 64.
• Smoked Glass, 11.
• Snow-flakes, 19, 35.
• Snow-like Forms, 25.
• Sodium, 237.
• Solar Engine, 75, 109.
• Solar Light (q. v.), 13.
• Solar Physics, 4, 12, 14.
• (See Sun.)
• Solar System, 228, 229.
• South America (q. v.), 80.
• South Carolina, meteors, 194, 195.
• (See Charleston.)
• Southern Cross, 234.
• Space, 181, 211, 224, 227, 229.
• Spain, expedition, 44.
• Sparks, 107, 108.
• Spectra, 231, 237.
• Spectres, 54, 55.
• (See Brocken.)
• Spectroscope, 7, 50, 59, 61, 63, 64, 130, 176, 198, 219, 222, 233–235, 240.
• Spectrum, 65, 235.
• Spectrum Analysis, 12.
• Speculations, 193.
• Spinning-wheel, 115.
• Springfield Observations, 44.
• Spurs, 208, 212, 215.
• Star of Bethlehem, 229.
• (See Tycho.)
• Stars:
• new study, 3;
• location, 4;
• size, 4, 230;
• seen in darkness, 35;
• self-shining suns, 35, 118;
• host, 117;
• variety, 118;
• five, 118;
• elements, atmosphere, 179;
• showers (see Meteors), 195;
• seen through comet, 212, 215;
• chapter, 221–250;
• analysis, children, 222;
• distances, 223;
• intervals, 224, 227, 229;
• colors (q. v.), glory, 227;
• new, fading, 230;
• double, 233;
• relation to man (q. v.), 233;
• fixed, 233;
• changing place, 234;
• mass, 237;
• ages, 238;
• photographed, 244, 247;
• chart, 247;
• death, 248.
• (See Falling, Planets, Shooting.)
• Steam, 74, 75.
• Steamers, 21, 73, 115.
• Steel, melted, 104–108.
• (See Iron.)
• Stellar Spectra (q. v.), 222, 236, 237, 244, 245.
• Stevenson, George, 111.
• Stewart’s Observations, 88.
• Stonehenge, 1–3.
• Stones:
• from heaven, 175, 176, 186, 187, 191, 193;
• Iowa, 199, 200.
• (See Meteorites.)
• Stonyhurst Records, 88.
• Sumbawa Observations, 181.
• Sunbeams:
• lifting power, 72;
• Laputa, 73;
• printing, 74;
• motes, 215.
• (See Light.)
• Sun:
• practical observations in Washington, 2, 3;
• new study, 3;
• surroundings, 4, 35–69;
• distance, 4–6;
• size, 5, 6;
• a private, 6;
• views, 6–12, 15, 16, 20;
• details, 7;
• fire, 8, 91, 92;
• telescopic view, 8;
• axis, 9;
• revolutions, 10;
• surface, 17;
• paper record, 18;
• heat (q. v.) and eye, 19;
• drawings exaggerated, 29, 30;
• something brighter, 32;
• atmosphere, 33, 34;
• slits, 59;
• miniature, 64;
• flames (q. v.), 69;
• energy, 70–116 (see Heat);
• versatile aid, 74;
• children, 75, 222;
• shrinkage, 99;
• ground up, 100;
• emissive power, 104;
• constitution and appearance, 111;
• god, 116;
• self-shining, 118;
• studied from mountains, 167;
• affected by dust (q. v.), 185;
• and comet, 216;
• elements, 233;
• a star, 237;
• life, 238;
• candle, 249;
• anecdote, 250.
• (See Solar.)
• Sunrise, 234.
• Sunset, 181, 182.
• (See Twilight.)
• Suns:
• millions, 224;
• dwindling, 227;
• periods, 241.
• Sun-spots, 1–34 passim;
• ancient, 8;
• early observations, 8;
• changing, 9;
• great, 10, 20, 24;
• individuality, darker, 11;
• leaves (q. v.), 11, 12;
• how observed, 18, 19;
• typical, 21, 22;
• relative size, 20;
• hook-shaped (see Plume), 24;
• signs of chaos, 27;
• double, 32;
• weather, 76, 90;
• periodicity, 76–78;
• temperature, 83;
• records, 85;
• variations, 87;
• (1870), 9, 15, 16, 20;
• (1873), 20–24;
• (1875), 25, 28, 30;
• (1876), 30, 32;
• (1882), 80, 83–86, 90.
• Superga, 38.
• Swift, Dean, 73, 131, 132.
• (See Gulliver.)
• Sword Meteor (q. v.), 175.
• Tacchini’s Investigations, 43, 49, 62, 66, 68.
• Tail, 215, 216.
• (See Comets.)
• Tan, 71.
• Taylor, Bayard, 139.
• Telephone, 84, 89.
• Telescopes:
• many, 17;
• best, 134;
• alone, 227, 230;
• use, 233, 234.
• Temperature, 101, 102, 108;
• of space, 224, 227.
• Terminator, 147.
• Thermometer, 71, 93, 102;
• low, 160, 163.
• Time, small divisions, 241.
• Tippoo Saib, 221.
• Total Eclipse (q. v.), 39–48 passim, 55, 59.
• Trees, lacking, 168.
• Tribune, The New York, 84.
• Trinity Church, 72.
• Trocadéro, 112.
• Trouvelot, E. L., 119, 123, 225.
• Turin, 38.
• Twilight, small, 38.
• Tycho, 144, 229.
• (See Star.)
• Tyndall, 98.
• Umbra, 11, 12, 19, 20.
• United States, comparison, 24.
• Uranus, 3, 196.
• Vapor, 28.
• Vega, 235, 246.
• Vegetables, 74.
• Veils, 14, 17.
• Venus, 118.
• Vernier, 3.
• Vesuvius:
• crater, 155, 157;
• eruption, 181, 183.
• (See Naples.)
• Vibrations, 72.
• Victoria, 115.
• Viscous Fluid, 26.
• Vital Force, 14.
• Vogel, H. C., 64, 66.
• Voids, 181, 227.
• Volcanoes, 27, 28;
• in moon, 167, 193.
• Wandering Star, 101.
• (See Comets, Falling.)
• Washington:
• Observatory, 2, 86–88;
• telescope, 122;
• Monument, 182.
• Water, 152;
• in man, 221.
• Waterloo, 80.
• Water-wheel, 111.
• Watson’s Observations, 49.
• Wheat, prices, 79.
• (See Breadstuffs, Corn, Grain, Sun-spots.)
• Wheel, comparison, 10.
• Whirlpools, 28, 31.
• Whirlwinds, 23, 31.
• White Light (q. v.), 48, 62, 63.
• Whitney, Mount, 177.
• Willow-leaves (q. v.), 11, 12, 14.
• Wing, simile, 215.
• Winlock, Professor, 44.
• Withered Surfaces, 168, 171.
• Wood-engraving, 50.
• Worlds and Clouds, 249.
• Wrinkles, 172.
• Xeres, Spain (q. v.), 44, 53.
• Young, Professor:
• spectroscope, 44, 50, 65, 234;
• observations, 56, 59, 61, 68, 69;
• magnetism, 87, 88;
• radiation, 101.
• Zodiacal Light, 55.