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The New Astronomy

Chapter 3: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
By S. P. Langley
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About This Book

The text surveys late 19th-century astronomical knowledge and methods, beginning with detailed observations of solar phenomena such as spots, prominences, the corona, and eclipses, and discussing instruments like telescopes, photography, and the spectroscope. It also examines the sun’s energy and attempts to measure and harness solar heat, then moves outward to describe planets and the Moon, their surface markings and observational challenges. Later chapters treat meteors and comets, their appearance and behavior, and conclude with stellar astronomy, including spectra, stellar types, and nebulae, blending observational report with physical interpretation.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Figure Page
1. The Sun’s Surroundings 4
2. View of the Sun on Sept. 20, 1870 6
3. The Sun on Sept. 22, 1870 6
4. The Sun on Sept. 26, 1870 7
5. The Sun on Sept. 19, 1870 8
6. The Sun on Sept. 20, 1870 8
7. The Sun on Sept. 21, 1870 9
8. The Sun on Sept. 22, 1870 9
9. The Sun on Sept. 23, 1870 10
10. The Sun on Sept. 26, 1870 10
11. Nasmyth’s Willow Leaves 11
12. The Cactus Type 12
13. Equatorial Telescope and Projection 13
14. Polarizing Eye-piece 14
15. Spot of Sept. 21, 1870 15
16. Spot of March 5, 1873 15
17. Sun on March 5, 1873 18
18. “The Plume” Spot of March 5 and 6, 1873 19
19. Typical Sun-spot of December, 1873 21
20. Frost Crystal 23
21. Cyclone Spot 24
22. Spot of March 31, 1875 25
23. Cirrous Cloud 27
24. Spot of March 31, 1875 28
25. Typical Illustration of Faye’s Theory 29
26. Spot of Oct. 13, 1876 30
27. Photograph of Edge of Sun 31
28. Facula 33
29. Lunar Cone Shadow 36
30. Track of Lunar Shadow 39
31. Inner Corona Eclipse of 1869 40
32. Sketch of Outer Corona, 1869 41
33. Tacchini’s Drawing of Corona of 1870 43
34. Watson’s Naked-eye Drawing of Corona of 1870 44
35. Photograph showing Commencement of Outer Corona 45
36. Eclipse of 1857, Drawing by Liais 48
37. Enlargement of Part of Fig. 38 49
38. Fac-simile of Photograph of Corona of 1871 51
39. “Spectres” 54
40. Outer Corona of 1878 57
41. Spectroscope Slit and Solar Image 59
42. Slit and Prominences 59
43. Tacchini’s Chromospheric Clouds 62
44. Tacchini’s Chromospheric Clouds 62
45. Vogel’s Chromospheric Forms 64
46. Tacchini’s Chromospheric Forms 66
47. Eruptive Prominences 67
48. Sun-spots and Price of Grain 77
49. Sun-spot of Nov. 16, 1882, and Earth 80
50. Greenwich Record of Disturbance of Magnetic Needle, Nov. 16 and 17, 1882 81
51. Sun-spots and Magnetic Variations 87
52. Greenwich Magnetic Observations, Aug. 3 and 5, 1872 89
53. One Cubic Centimetre 93
54. Pouillet’s Pyrheliometer 93
55. Bernières’s great Burning-Glass 103
56. A “Pour” from the Bessemer Converter 105
57. Photometer-box 108
58. Mouchot’s Solar Engine 109
59. Ericsson’s new Solar Engine, now in Practical Use in New York 113
60. Saturn 119
61. The Equatorial Telescope at Washington 122
62. Jupiter, Moon, and Shadow 125
63. Three Views of Mars 129
64. Map of Mars 129
65. The Moon 137
66. The Full Moon 141
67. Glass Globe, Cracked 145
68. Plato and the Lunar Alps 149
69. The Lunar Apennines: Archimedes 153
70. Vesuvius and Neighborhood of Naples 157
71. Ptolemy and Arzachel 161
72. Mercator and Campanus 165
73. Withered Hand 168
74. Ideal Lunar Landscape and Earth-shine 169
75. Withered Apple 171
76. Gassendi. Nov. 7, 1867 173
77. The Camp at Mount Whitney 177
78. Vesuvius during an Eruption 183
79. Meteors observed Nov. 13 and 14, 1868, between Midnight and Five o’Clock, a. m. 189
80. Comet of Donati, Sept. 16, 1858 201
81. “A Part of a Comet” 203
82. Comet of Donati, Sept. 24, 1858 205
83. Comet of Donati, Oct. 3, 1858 209
84. Comet of Donati, Oct. 9, 1858 213
85. Comet of Donati, Oct. 5, 1858 217
86. Types of Stellar Spectra 222
87. The Milky Way 225
88. Spectra of Stars in Pleiades 231
89. Spectrum of Aldebaran 235
90. Spectrum of Vega 235
91. Great Nebula in Orion 239
92. A Falling Man 243
93. A Flash of Lightning 245