The New World of Islam

CONCLUSION

INDEX

Aali Pasha, Pan-Islam agitation of, 54

Abbas Hilmi, Khedive, pro Turkish views of, 155;

deposition of, 156;

Pan-Arabianism supported by, 170

Abd-el-Kader, French resisted by, 41

Abd-el-Malek Hamsa, Pro-Germanism of, 156

Abd-el-Wahab, Mohammedan revival begun by, 21, 40;

birth of, 21;

early life of, 22 ff.;

influence of, 22;

death of, 22

Abdul Hamid, despotism of, 32;

as caliph, 39;

Sennussi's opposition to, 39, 46;

Djemal-ed-Din protected by, 53 ff.;

Pan-Islam policy of, 53 ff.;

character of, 54 ff.;

government of, 55;

deposition of, 56, 119;

tyrannical policy of, 116;

nationalism opposed by, 139, 165;

Arabs conciliated by, 142 ff.

Abu Bekr 22;

policy of, 114 ff.

Abyssinian Church, Mohammedan threat against, 50

Afghanistan, religious uprisings in, 41;

nineteenth-century independence of, 118;

Bolshevism in, 286 ff.;

rebellion of, 286 ff.

Africa, Mohammedan missionary work in, 49 ff.

See also North Africa

Agadir crisis, 57

Ahmed Bey Agayeff, Pan-Turanism aided by, 165

Alexandria, massacre of Europeans in, 149

Algeria, French conquest of, 40, 158;

Kabyle insurrection in, 41;

compulsory vaccination in, 95;

liberal political aspirations in, 118 ff.;

need for European government in, 122

Allenby, General, Egypt in control of, 177

Amanullah Khan, Bolshevism of, 286;

war on England declared by, 286;

present policy of, 298

Anatolia, Bolshevist manifesto to, 292

Anglo-Russian Agreement, terms of, 159 ff.

Arabi Pasha, Djemal-ed-Din's influence on, 148;

revolution in Egypt headed by, 148

Arabia, description of natives of, 21;

Turks fought by, 23;

defeat of, 23;

political freedom of, 113;

democracy in, 127;

nationalist spirit in, 140 ff.;

Turkish rulers opposed by, 140 ff.;

suppression of, 143;

1905 rebellion of, 143;

effect of Young-Turk revolution on, 145 ff.;

1916 revolt of, 146;

Pan-Arabism in, 145;

religious character of Pan-Arab movement in, 169 ff.;

effect of Great War on, 170, 183 ff.;

Allied encouragement of, 184;

peace terms and, 185;

English agreement with, 185 ff.;

revolt against Turks of, 185;

secret partition of, 185 ff.;

Colonel Lawrence's influence in, 186;

secret treaties revealed to, 187;

France and England in, 187 ff.;

Mustapha Kemal aided by 194, ff.;

English negotiations with, 198;

Bolshevist manifesto to, 292

Arabian National Committee, creation of, 143

Archer William, on over-population in India, 263

Argyll, Duke of, over-population in India, 263

Armenia, Bolshevist manifesto to, 292

Arya Somaj, 208

Atchin War, 41

Azerbaidjan, Bolshevist revolution in, 290 ff.

Babbist movement in Persia, 274

Baber, Mogul Empire founded by, 204

Baku, Congress of Eastern Peoples at, 291, 297

Balkan War, 57;

Mohammedans roused by, 58

Barbary States, French conquest of, 158

Bérard, Victor, on the enmity of Turks and Arabs, 141 ff.;

France's Syrian policy criticised by, 199

Bertrand, Louis, anti-Western feeling in Orient described by, 95 ff.;

on social conditions in the Levant, 269, 271

Bevan, Edwyn, nationalist views of, 125 ff.

Bin Saud, Ikhwan movement led by, 72

Bolshevism, effects on Orient of, 175;

Mustapha Kemal aided by, 196 ff.;

the East a field for, 283 ff.;

propaganda of, 284 ff., 288 ff.;

Oriental policy of, 285;

in Afghanistan, 286 ff.;

manifesto to Mohammedans issued by, 288 ff.;

manifesto to Turks issued by, 289 ff.;

"Congress of Eastern Peoples" held by, 291 ff.

Bombay, English character of, 100;

social conditions in, 270 ff.

Bose, Pramatha Nath, on economic conditions in India, 245 ff.

Brahminism, illiberalism of, 120

Brailsford, H. N., on modern industry in Egypt, 236 ff.;

on social conditions in Egypt, 269 ff.

British East India Company, 205

Bukhsh, S. Khuda, reform work of, 31 ff.;

nationalism in India opposed by, 125 ff.;

on Indian social conditions, 253 ff.

Caetani, Leone, 63

Cahun, Léon, Turanism and, 163

Cairo, revolt in, 178;

modern women in, 258

Calcutta, English character of, 100;

social conditions in, 270

Caliphate, Islam strengthened by, 38 ff.;

history of, 39;

Turkey the head of, 39 ff.

Chelmsford, Lord, report of, 216 ff.

China, Mohammedan insurrection in, 41, 51 ff.;

Mohammedan missionary work in, 50;

number of Mohammedans in, 51;

Mohammedan agitation in, 60

Chirol, Valentine, Western influence in Orient described by, 79 ff.;

on Egyptian situation, 179 ff.;

Montagu-Chelmsford Report approved by, 220;

on Egyptian conditions since the war, 271 ff.;

on Bolshevism in India, 298

Congress of Eastern Peoples, 291 ff.

Constantine, King, recalled, 194

Constantinople, Allied occupation of, 192 ff.;

changes since 1896 in, 251 ff.;

status of women in, 258

Cox, Sir Percy, English-Arabian negotiations made by, 198;

influence of, 200

Cromer, Lord, on Islam, 29, 32;

Western influence in Orient described by, 80;

ethics of imperialism formulated by, 84, 102, 120 ff.;

Egyptian administration of, 149;

resignation of, 152;

on western-educated Egypt, 257;

on over-population in India, 263

Curtis, Lionel, nationalism in India supported by, 130 ff.;

Montagu-Chelmsford Report approved by, 220

Curzon-Wyllie, Sir, assassination of, 212

Damascus, French in, 191 ff.

Dar-ul-Islam, 171 ff.

Dickinson, G. Lowes, on Eastern economics, 249

Djemal-ed-Din, birth of, 52;

character of, 52;

anti-European work of, 52;

in India, 52;

in Egypt, 53;

Abdul Hamid's protection of, 53 ff.;

death of, 53;

teachings of, 53 ff.;

nationalism taught by, 138;

Egypt influenced by, 148;

in Russia, 285

Dutch East Indies, Mohammedan uprisings in, 41;

Mohammedan missionary work in, 52

Egypt, nationalism in, 32, 118 ff.;

Mahdist insurrection in, 41;

1914 insurrection of, 61;

exiled Arabs in, 143;

characteristics of people of, 147 ff.;

early European influences in, 147;

nationalist agitation in, 148 ff.;

influence of Djemal-ed-Din in, 148;

1882 revolution in, 148 ff.;

Lord Cromer's rule of, 149;

France's influence in, 150 ff.;

failure of English liberal policy in, 153 ff.;

Lord Kitchener's rule in, 153 ff.;

effect of outbreak of World War on, 155 ff.;

made English protectorate, 156 ff.;

Pan-Arabism in, 169;

Versailles conference's treatment of, 174;

nationalist demands of, 177;

Allenby in control of, 177;

rebellion of, 178 ff.;

martial law in, 178;

situation after rebellion in, 179 ff.;

English commission of inquiry in, 181;

English compromise with, 182;

opposition to compromise in, 182 ff.;

modern factories in, 234, 236;

industrial conditions in, 236 ff.;

social conditions in, 269;

social revolution in, 281 ff.

El-Gharami, 30

El Mahdi, 42

England, Egypt's rebellion against, 175 ff.;

Commission of Inquiry into Egyptian affairs appointed by, 181;

Egyptian compromise with, 182;

opposition to compromise in, 182;

Arabia and, 184 ff.;

in Mesopotamia, 185 ff.;

in Palestine, 186;

French disagreement with, 188 ff.;

at San Remo conference, 190;

Mesopotamian rebellion against, 192 ff.;

Sèvres Treaty and, 193;

Greek agreement with, 193;

Arabian negotiation with, 198;

in India, 204 ff.

Enver Pasha, Pan-Turanism and, 167;

in Russia, 285

Feisal, Prince, at peace conference, 187 ff.;

peace counsels of, 188;

made king of Syria, 191

Fisher, on social conditions in India, 270 ff.

France, Morocco seized by, 57;

anti-British propaganda of, 150 ff.;

Arabia and, 184;

Syrian aspirations of, 185 ff.;

at San Remo conference, 190;

Syrian rebellion and, 191 ff.;

Sèvres Treaty and, 193;

Greek agreement with, 193;

present Syrian situation of, 198 ff.

Gandhi, M. K., boycott of England advocated by, 224

Gorst, Sir Eldon, Lord Cromer succeeded by, 152;

failure of policy of, 153 ff.

Gouraud, General, Feisal subdued by, 191;

danger in methods of, 299

Greece, anti-Turk campaign of, 193;

Venizelos repudiated by, 194;

Constantine supported by, 194

Habibullah Khan, Ameer, England supported by, 286;

death of, 286

Haifa, to be British, 186

Hajj, Islam strengthened by, 38 ff.

Halil Pasha, Pan-Turanism and, 168

Hanotaux, Gabriel, 57

Harding, Lord, Indian nationalist movement supported by, 215

Hedjaz, Turkish dominion of, 140

Hindustan, Islam's appeal to 60;

anti-Western feeling in, 99 ff.;

illiberal tradition of, 120

Hunter, Sir William, on over-population in India, 263 ff.

Hussein Kamel, made Sultan of Egypt, 156

Ikhwan, beginning of, 71;

progress of, 71

Imam Yahya, 199

India, reform of Islamism in, 30;

English mastery of, 40;

Islam's missionary work in, 52;

1914 insurrection in, 61;

English towns and customs in, 100;

effect of Russo-Japanese War in, 105, 210 ff.;

liberal political aspirations in, 118 ff.;

democracy introduced by England in, 122 ff.;

opposition to nationalism in, 124 ff., 218 ff.;

support of nationalism in, 129 ff., 136 ff.;

history of, 201;

Aryan invasion of, 201 ff.;

beginning of caste system in, 202 ff.;

Mohammedan invasion of, 203 ff.;

Mogul Empire founded in, 204;

British conquest of, 205 ff.;

beginning of discontent in, 206 ff.;

Hindu nationalist movement in, 208 ff., 212 ff.;

English liberal policy in, 213 ff.;

result of outbreak of war in, 214;

Montagu-Chelmsford Report in, 216 ff.;

militant unrest in, 220 ff.;

effect of Rowlatt Bill in, 222 ff.;

English boycotted by, 223 ff.;

present turmoil in, 224;

industries in, 233 ff.;

industrial conditions in, 237 ff.;

industrial future of, 239 ff.;

agriculture in, 243 ff.;

Swadeshi movement in, 244 ff.;

social conditions in, 253 ff.;

status of women in, 254, 258 ff.;

education in, 255 ff.;

over-population in, 262 ff.;

condition of peasants in, 269;

city and rural life in, 275 ff.;

economic revolution in, 276 ff.;

attitude of Bolshevists toward, 289 ff.

Indian Councils Act, terms of, 213;

effect of 213

Indian National Congress, 206

Islam, eighteenth-century decadence of, 20 ff.;

revival of, 21;

Christian opinions of, 26 ff.;

present situation of, 27 ff.;

agnosticism in, 32 ff.;

fanatics in, 33 ff.;

solidarity of, 37 ff.;

Hajj an aid to, 38 ff.;

caliphate an aid to, 38 ff.;

Western successes against, 40;

proselytism of, 48 ff.;

effect of Balkan War on, 58 ff.;

effect of Russo-Japanese War on, 59, 105 ff.;

Western influence on, 75 ff.;

anti-Western reaction of, 88 ff.;

race mixture in, 102 ff.;

tyranny in, 111 ff.;

early equality in, 113 ff.;

political reformation in, 115 ff.;

birth of nationalism in, 137 ff.;

Bolshevist propaganda in, 284 ff.

See also Pan-Islam

Ismael, Hamet, on scepticism among Moslems, 32

Ismael, Khedive, tyrannical policy of, 116;

Egypt Europeanized by, 147 ff.

Italy, Tripoli attacked by, 57;

San Remo Treaty opposed by, 190, 193

Japan, Mohammedan missionary work in, 59 ff.

Jowf, Sennussi stronghold, 45

Kabyle insurrection, 41

Khadjar dynasty, Persian revolution against, 160

Kharadjites, Islamic spirit preserved by, 274

Khartum, capture of, 41

Kheir-ed-Din, attempt to regenerate Tunis made by, 89

Kitchener, Lord, Mahdist insurrection suppressed by, 41;

anti-nationalist beliefs of, 122;

nationalism in Egypt suppressed by, 153 ff.

Krishnavarma, S., assassination commended by, 211

Lawrence, Colonel, influence of, 186;

Arab-Turk agreement, views of, 194 ff.;

Mesopotamia, views of, 197