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The Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India, Vol. 2 (of 2)

Chapter 252: A.
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About This Book

The work presents a systematic ethnographic survey of northern Indian popular religion and folk-lore, recording beliefs, rituals, and everyday preventative practices. It examines the evil eye and its remedies, tree and serpent cults, totemic and fetish practices, animal worship, witchcraft and black art, and seasonal rural festivals, drawing on local testimony and observed customs. The account describes naming taboos, protective marks and charms, sacrificial and ceremonial forms, and the social logic that underpins ritual responses to misfortune. Chapters conclude with bibliographic references and an index to aid further study.

INDEX.

A.

Abdul Qâdir Jilâni, a saint, I. 216.

Abdul Wâhid, a Pîr, I. 203.

Abhramu, the elephant, II. 239.

Abor tribe, belief in tree spirits, II. 78.

Abu ’Ali Qalandar, a saint, I. 218.

Abul Fazl, murder of, I. 138.

Acheri, a Bhût, I. 137, 263.

Achilles, horses of, II. 205.

Adbhûtanâtha, a deified aerolite, I. 82.

Aditi, the eternal Mother, I. 111, 242.

Aditya, worship of, I. 5.

Adonis, I. 48.

Aerolites, theory regarding, I. 82;
used as fetish stones, I. 82.

Aeshma, I. 280.

Aetites, the, I. 116.

Agamukhi, a demon, II. 224.

Agariya tribe, respect for iron, II. 12;
instruction in witchcraft, II. 264.

Agarwâla tribe, worship of the ass, II. 209;
of the snake, II. 139.

Agastya, the saint, I. 25, 64, 76, 77.

Aghâsura, the serpent king, II. 130.

Aghorpanthi sect, eaters of human flesh, II. 171.

Agni, the fire god, I. 2; II. 156, 192;
well of, I. 53.

Agnidurga, worship of, I. 95.

Agnikunda, the fire-pit, II. 196.

Agwân, worship of, I. 128.

Agwânî, sister of Sîtalâ, I. 128.

Ahalya, legend of, I. 13.

Ahban Râjput, a totem sept, II. 149.

Aheriya tribe, barring the ghost, II. 57;
sheep worship, II. 226;
sun worship, I. 9;
worship of Vâlmîki, I. 195.

Ahi, the weather dragon, I. 66; II. 123, 126.

Ahîran, worship of, II. 122.

Ahiwâsi, a totem tribe, II. 149.

Aindrânî, one of the Mothers, I. 112.

Air, spirits of the, I. 65.

Airâvata, a sacred elephant, II. 239.

Airi, a Bhût, I. 261.

Aiyanâr, worship of, I. 262.

’Ajab Sâlâr, a Pîr, I. 205.

Akâsh Bel creeper, a charm for barrenness, I. 227.

Akata Bîr, worship of, I. 255.

Akbar, rules about cow-killing, II. 235;
fire worship, II. 196;
sun worship, I. 7.

Âkh tree, marriage with, II. 115, 117.

Akhtîj, a rural festival, II. 287.

Akshaya Vata, a sacred tree, II. 98.

Alakhiya sect, fetish worship of the alms-bag, II. 186.

Alam Sayyid, a saint, II. 206.

Alawaka, a Yaksha, II. 80.

Alexander of Macedon, legend of, I. 47.

Alha and Udal, song of, used as a rain charm, I. 75; II. 293;
supposed to be still alive, I. 283.

’Ali, one of the Pîrs, I. 202;
worshipped by wrestlers, I. 87.

All Fools’ Day, II. 321.

Alligator, a sacred animal, II. 252.

Amâvas, a day of rest for cattle, II. 234.

Amazons, the, II. 7.

Amba Bhawâni, worship of, I. 113.

Amber bead, used as an amulet, II. 19.

Amethyst, a sacred stone, II. 17, 18.

Aminâ Satî, a Pîr, I. 205.

Amputation, prejudice against, I. 280.

Amrita, legend of, I. 19.

Amritsar, lake of, I. 58.

Amulets, II. 15, 37.

Anasûya, legend of, I. 39.

Ancestors, worship of, I. 175;
identified with the soil godling, I. 106;
re-born in a calf, I. 179;
re-born in a child, I. 179;
worship connected with tree worship, II. 83;
with snake worship, II. 145.

Androclus and the lion, II. 210.

Animal, a demon scarer, II. 203;
parts of, used in amulets, II. 38, 203;
euphemism in connection with, II. 54;
grateful, II. 202;
house and tomb haunters, II. 203;
representing the Corn Spirit, II. 204;
understanding human speech, II. 202;
worship of, II. 201 sqq.

Animism, theory of, II. 83, 183.

Anjana, the elephant, II. 239.

Anjanavati, the elephant, II. 239.

Anka, the, II. 158.

Annadeva, the food godling, II. 11.

Annapûrna, worship of, I. 283.

Ant, the, II. 256.

Antâi, the whooping cough Mother, I. 113.

Antelope, the, II. 238.

Ant-hill, an altar, I. 10; II. 256

Anumati, a title of the moon, I. 15.

Anupama, the elephant, II. 239.

Anvil, sacred, I. 74; II. 14.

Aonla, a sacred tree, II. 102.

Apis, worship of, II. 229.

Appointment, charm to obtain, I. 152.

Apsaras, the, I. 265.

Aranî, the fire drill, II. 107, 194.

Arch, mystic effect of, I. 117.

Ardhanari, a title of Siva, I. 112.

Argha, the, II. 16.

Arjan, a snake godling, II. 133.

Arrow causing a well to flow, I. 52.

Arthur, King, I. 283.

Artisans, fetishes of, II. 186.

Arunah Ketavah, the, I. 19.

Arvan, the, II. 205.

Asapura, a Mother, I. 113.

Asarori, worship of, I. 115.

Ascetics, use of dust, I. 29.

Asgara, the fire drill, II. 194.

Ash tree connected with snakes, II. 104.

Ashâb-ul-kahf, the, I. 283.

Asherah, the, II. 86.

Ashes, footmarks of ghosts seen in, I. 176; II. 73;
respect for, I. 292;
from a cremation ground, I. 261;
of the sacred fire, II. 197, 318.

Ashma stone, the, II. 61.

Ashraf ’Ali, shrine of, I. 225.

Ashta Mâtrî, the, I. 112.

Asmodeus, I. 280.

Asoka, pillars of, I. 91.

Aspen, a sacred tree, II. 98.

Ass, worship of, II. 208;
in a panther’s skin, II. 209;
the vehicle of Sîtalâ, I. 136; II. 209.

Assassins, sect of, I. 215.

Astbhuja Devî, worship of, I. 63, 284.

Astika Muni, legend of, II. 139.

Asuras, the, I. 251, 282.

Asvamedha, rite, II. 204.

Athletes, patron of, I. 210.

Athrâha ka manka, the, II. 41.

Atmadevata, worship of, I. 112.

Augar sect, eaters of human flesh, II. 171.

Aula Bîbi, a disease goddess, I. 130.

Avalanche, demon of, I. 264.

Avatâra, an incarnation, II. 156.

Axe, a fetish, II. 184.

B.

Bâba Kapûr, a saint, I. 219.

Babûl, sacred tree, II. 114.

Bachelor ghosts, I. 261.

Bachgoti Râjput sept, objection to potatoes, II. 158.

Bachla Devî, worship of, II. 176.

Bad smells offensive to Bhûts, II. 21.

Badarinâth, shrine at, I. 127.

Badiya tribe, tree worship, II. 91.

Badwâr rite, the, II. 322.

Bagaha, worship of, I. 267.

Bagâlya, a whirlwind sprite, I. 81.

Bâgarwâla, a title of Gûga, I. 211.

Bâgdi tribe, respect for the Sâl tree, II. 100.

Bâgh Bhût, the tiger ghost, II. 213.

Bâgh Deo, the tiger godling, II. 213.

Bâgh Jâtra, the tiger festival, II. 212.

Baghel Râjput sept, respect for the tiger, II. 211.

Bâgheswar, worship of, I. 256; II. 78, 213.

Baghsu Nâg, worship of, II. 126.

Baghwâh festival, the, II. 321.

Bahâ-ud-dîn Zikariya, a Pîr, I. 203, 208.

Bahâwal Haqq, the saint, I. 228.

Baheliya tribe, worship of Vâlmîki, I. 195.

Bahlâno, a Pîr, I. 205.

Baiga, a devil priest, I. 95, 147, 152, 157;
proceedings as a ghost-finder, I. 103, 152.

Bairâm, a saint, I. 221.

Bais Râjput sept, snake descent, II. 124, 152.

Baiswâr tribe, sword worship, II. 185.

Baitâl, a Bhût, I. 243.

Bâjgi tribe, totemism, II. 152.

Bajrâvat tribe, tiger origin, II. 211.

Bakhtiyâr tribe, totemism, II. 150.

Bâlajî, worship of, II. 235.

Bâlakhilya, the, I. 244.

Bâla tribe, sun worship among, I. 9.

Bâla Pîr, a saint, I. 220.

Balarâma, legend of, I. 37.

Baldness, a protection against the Evil-Eye, II. 36.

Bali, a Daitya, I. 252.

Bamboos, respect for, II. 112.

Bandarpûnchh hill, the, I. 87.

Bandê, a Pîr, I. 205.

Bangara, a godling of fever, I. 136.

Bangara Bâî, worship of, II. 182.

Banhi, worship of, II. 181.

Bani Isrâel tribe, broom worship, II. 191;
birth rites, I. 277;
burial rites, I. 30.

Banjâra tribe, bull worship, II. 235;
corpse removal, II. 56;
barring the ghost, II. 56;
continence, tests of, II. 105;
use of horns, II. 225;
worship of Mitthu Bhûkhiya, I. 197.

Bânpa Nâg, worship of, II. 125.

Bansapti Mâî, the jungle Mother, I. 62, 115.

Banshee, the, I. 256.

Bânsphor tribe, respect for trees, II. 103.

Banya, influencing rain, I. 78.

Banyan tree, the, II. 98.

Bara Deo, worship of, I. 61; II. 103.

Bârahduâri, worship of, I. 105.

Baranta, well of, I. 52.

Barbarossa, I. 283.

Barbers, saint of, I. 204.

Bareheaded person influencing rain, I. 78

Bargaballi tribe, totemism, II. 154.

Barhâwan, the, II. 311.

Barley, a sacred grain, I. 152, 227; II. 27.

Barra rite, the, II. 321.

Barrenness, cures for, I. 50, 68, 69, 87, 100, 160, 225; II. 190;
caused by wandering spirits, II. 86.

Barring the ghost, II. 56.

Barun, a weather godling, I. 2.

Barwâr tribe, worship of the Pîr, I. 206.

Basant Shâh, a saint, I. 59.

Basanti, the sister of Sîtalâ, I. 128.

Basket, a fetish, II. 113, 189;
upturned, II. 309.

Basor tribe, barring the ghost, II. 58.

Bâsuk Nâg, the snake god, II. 131.

Bat, the, I. 279;
bone of, II. 45.

Bathing, ceremonial, II. 25;
a cure for disease, I. 39;
at eclipses, I. 22;
in the Ganges, I. 37

Battlefield ghosts, I. 259.

Battuk Bhairon, a godling, I. 109.

Baudhân, worship of, II. 81.

Bauri tribe, respect for the dog, II. 222;
for the Sâl tree, II. 101.

Bâwariya tribe, goat sacrifice, I. 263;
totemism, II. 154;
tree marriage, II. 119.

Bayard, II. 205.

Bâzâr prices fixed by Khwâja Khizr, I. 48.

Bead, a protective, I. 115; II. 19.

Bean, sacred, II. 27.

Bear, the, II. 242.

Beasts, unclean, II. 158.

Beauty regained by bathing, I. 59.

Bed, flying, II. 206.

Bel and the Dragon, II. 73.

Bel tree, sacred, II. 86, 112;
marriage with, II. 117.

Bela, worship of, I. 199.

Bell, rung to scare Bhûts, I. 78;
use of, I. 167;
worship of, I. 168.

Beohâr Bâba, worship of, I. 255.

Berâi, a cholera Mother, I. 113.

Beriya tribe, use of the broom, II. 191.

Bero, a title of the sun, I. 9.

Betel planting, II. 303;
nuts scrambled for, I. 50.

Bethgelert, legend of, II. 130, 221.

Bhâdon, new moon of, I. 16.

Bhadra Kâlî, a sister of Sîtalâ, I. 129

Bhâgîratha, a saint, I. 35.

Bhagwân, a title of the sun, I. 9.

Bhâilla, worship of, I. 8.

Bhainsâsura, a demon, I. 44.

Bhainsâsuri Devî, worship of, I. 85.

Bhairava, worship of, I. 84, 108.

Bhairavî, worship of, I. 3, 108.

Bhairoba, worship of, I. 108.

Bhairon, Bhaironnâth, worship of, I. 84, 107, 109, 205, 209; II. 219.

Bhairwanand, worship of, I. 195.

Bhajang, a snake godling, I. 214.

Bhâkur, a bugaboo, II. 82.

Bhandâri tribe, repelling the Churel, I. 272.

Bhâradvaja, a totem sept, II. 149.

Bhâskarâcharya, legend of, I. 7.

Bhâtiya tribe, horse worship, II. 208.

Bhâtu tribe, respect for the crow, II. 244.

Bhekal Nâg, worship of, II. 125.

Bherunda, a Yogini, I. 129.

Bhîl tribe, worship of Amba Bhavânî, I. 113;
horse worship, II. 208;
charming of rain, I. 73;
origin from the tiger, II. 211;
rite of Satî, I. 186;
Saturnalia, II. 325;
tree marriage, II. 119;
witchcraft, II. 261.

Bhîmgada, Bhîmlâth, pillar of Bhîmsen, I. 90, 91.

Bhîmpen, Bhîmsen, worship of, I. 66, 89, 250; II. 182;
lice of, I. 58.

Bhîshma, worship of, I. 36, 92.

Bhîwâsu, worship of, I. 90.

Bhokaswa, a bugaboo, II. 82.

Bholanâth, worship of, I. 194, 280.

Bhomka, Bhopa, a village priest, I. 95, 153, 157;
II. 213.

Bhotiya tribe, religious rites, I. 173; II. 65;
worship of Sain, II. 81.

Bhrâwari, worship of, I. 55.

Bhuiya tribe, ancestor worship, I. 178;
of Bhîmsen, I. 91;
human sacrifice, II. 175;
recalling the dead, I. 182;
respect for the Mahua tree, II. 103;
monkey worship, I. 86, 88;
sun worship, I. 9.

Bhuiyâr tribe, ancestor worship, I. 178;
dream ghosts, I. 233;
food for the dead, II. 69;
tiger worship, II. 213.

Bhujariya rite, II. 293.

Bhûkhi Mâta, worship of, I. 116.

Bhûmak, a village priest, I. 90.

Bhûmij tribe, buffalo hunt, I. 173;
funeral feast, II. 71.

Bhûmîsvara Mahâdeva, worship of, I. 107.

Bhûmîsvari Devî, worship of, I. 107.

Bhûmiya, worship of, I. 12, 74, 95, 105.

Bhûmiya Rânî, worship of, I. 105.

Bhûra Sinh, worship of, II. 132.

Bhusundi, the crow, II. 244.

Bhût, a malignant ghost, I. 234;
food of, I. 236;
places infested by, I. 277;
posture of, I. 237;
speech of, I. 238;
tests of, I. 237;
treasure guarded by, I. 286;
varieties of, I. 242;
worship of, I. 94.

Bhût Bhairon, worship of, I. 109.

Bhûtîsvara, a title of Siva, I. 234.

Bibi Kamâlo, a saint, I. 218, 221.

Bîbi Râê, worship of, I. 209.

Bijaliya Bîr, a lightning godling, I. 235.

Biljaysen, worship of, I. 137.

Bijlesvari Devî, a goddess of lightning, I. 224.

Bind tribe, worship of Kâsi Bâba, I. 145.

Binjhiya tribe, totemism, II. 158.

Bîr, a ghost, I. 178, 253;
a companion of the witch, II. 266.

Birch, a sacred tree, II. 86, 114.

Bird, marriage to, I. 236; II. 119;
omens from, II. 48.

Birhor tribe, respect for the bamboo, II. 113;
cannibalism, II. 168;
funeral rites, II. 56;
tattooing, II. 31.

Bîrnâth, worship of, II. 182.

Birth rites, I. 277;
fiends, I. 264.

Biruri Panchami feast, the, II. 137.

Birwat, a demon, I. 62.

Biscobra, the, II. 140.

Black Art, the, II. 259 sqq.

Black colour, dreaded by evil spirits, I. 142;II. 3, 28, 50.

Blacksmith, respect for the, I. 74; II. 14, 24;
saint of, I. 203.

Blight, averting of, II. 301.

Blind of an eye, I. 77; II. 3.

Blockberg, a haunt of witches, I. 61.

Blood, bath of, II. 173;
clouds dispersed by, I. 80;
covenant, II. 29, 46;
drawn from a victim by a witch, II. 169;
drawn from a witch, II. 282;
human, powers of, I. 80; II. 172;
pollution by, I. 269;
a protective, II. 19;
survival of sacrifice of, I. 51;
taboo of, I. 27.

Bloody Hand of Ulster, II. 39.

Blot intentional, a protective, II. 3, 10.

Boar, a totem, II. 156.

Boat, launched in honour of Khwâja Khizr, I. 47;
flying, II. 206.

Bodhi tree, the, II. 98.

Body, functions of, omens from, II. 51.

Boils, cured at a shrine, I. 221;
at a tank, I. 59.

Bolster, the giant, I. 91.

Bona Dea, the, I. 69.

Borâm, a title of the sun, I. 9;
identified with the monkey godling, I. 86;
worship of, I. 86.

Bottles tied to trees, I. 162.

Boundaries guarded by the sainted dead, I. 182.

Boys dressed as girls, II. 6.

Bracelet, the, a protective, II. 43, 44.

Brahm, a Brâhman ghost, I. 192.

Brahm Kapâl, the, II. 180.

Brahma, worship of, I. 2;
vehicle of, II. 156;
temple of, I. 54;
skull of, I. 94;
slipper of, II. 200.

Brahmadaitya, the, I. 243; II. 77.

Brahmagranthi, the, II. 47.

Brahmaparusha, the, II. 78.

Brahmarakshasa, the, I. 253; II. 78.

Brahmarandhra, the, I. 238.

Brâhman, ghosts of, I. 253; II. 77;
a god, I. 189;
use of sacred grass, II. 30;
suicide of, I. 193.

Brahmâni, worship of, I. 112.

Brâhmani duck, the, II. 247.

Brâhmanical cord, the, II. 47.

Brahmi, a mother, I. 112.

Brass, a protective, II. 15;
worship of, II. 12.

Bride, false. II. 8;
grain thrown over the, II. 26.

Bridegroom revolving round the sacred fire, I. 11;
deified, I. 119;
capture of, I. 121.

Bridle, magic, II. 206.

Briid, II. 73.

Broado Koro, the, II. 86.

Brocken, the, an abode of witches, I. 64.

Broom, a fetish, I. 81, 133; II. 190.

Brownie, II. 77.

Bruce, legend of, I. 283.

Buahna, a Pîr, I. 205.

Bu ’Ali Qalandar, a saint, I. 218.

Buccas, the, I. 285.

Bucephalus, II. 205.

Buddha, begging bowl of, II. 38;
connected with the hare, II. 50;
footprint of, II. 199;
relics of, causing rain, I. 75;
shadow of, I. 233; sneezing superstition, I. 240;
snake descent of, II. 124;
producing a well, I. 52.

Buddhists, food for the dead, II. 69;
worship of Indra, I. 66;
moon worship, I. 18;
horse worship, II. 208.

Buddhua, a kindly ghost, II. 81.

Buffalo, respect for, II. 236;
sacrificed, I. 173;
vehicle of Yama, I. 169; II. 236.

Bugaboos, II. 82.

Buildings, human sacrifices at, II. 173.

Bull, released at a death. I. 105;
hide of, II. 232;
worship of, II. 226.

Bundela, a title of Hardaul, I. 140.

Bûndi, Râja of. I. 257.

Bunker’s Hill, ghosts at, I. 259.

Bûrha Deo, human sacrifice in honour of, II. 170.

Bûrhê Bâba, a Pîr, I. 206.

Burhiya Mâî, a Mother, II. 181.

Burial during epidemics, I. 136;
face downwards, II. 60;
grounds infested by Bhûts, I. 277;
of the nude corpse, I. 68;
in trees, II. 103.

Burmiya, a birth fiend, I. 265.

Bûrna, a water demon, I. 45.

Butchers, saint of, I. 204.

Butterfly, a Life Index, II. 71.

C.

Caduceus, the, II. 178.

Cairn, the, I. 39; II. 61, 198.

Camel, bones of, II. 36.

Canal, ancient traditions of, I. 37.

Cannibal Râkshasa, the, I. 247, 253; II. 168.

Cannibalism, II. 168.

Canopus, the constellation, I. 25.

Cap of invisibility, the, II. 43.

Car flying, the, II. 205.

Caste saints, I. 203.

Castigation, I. 99 sq.

Castor oil plant, a protective, II. 20, 275.

Cat, the, II. 241;
metamorphosed into a girl, I. 93;
companion of a witch, II. 270.

Cat’s-eye stone, the, II. 17.

Cattle disease charms, I. 71, 160, 166;
disease demon, I. 144;
festivals, II. 297;
superstitions regarding, II. 236.

Cauff riddling, II. 189.

Cauld Lad of Hilton, the, II. 77.

Cave deities, I. 283;
refuge of ascetics, I. 285;
spirits, I. 282;
burial in, I. 283.

Celts, magical powers of, I. 97.

Cemeteries, a haunt of Bhûts, I. 278, 280.

Chain, sacred, I. 99.

Chakma tribe, sacrificial rites, II. 46;
funeral ceremonies, II. 71.

Chakratîratha, a sacred lake, I. 58.

Chakravyûha fort, the, I. 116.

Chalauwa, the, I. 164.

Châmar, worship of, I. 129.

Chamariyâ, sister of Sîtalâ, I. 129.

Chamâr tribe, branding of, I. 170;
burial customs, I. 168;
worship of Madain, II. 125;
worship of the Pîr, I. 206;
tattooing, II. 32;
totemism, II. 158.

Chambal river, legend of, I. 39.

Chambasâpa, worship of, I. 183.

Chambhâr tribe, burial rites, I. 30.

Champarâm, worship of, II. 182.

Châmundâ, worship of, I. 112; II. 168.

Chance, element of, in superstition, I. 104.

Chândali, worship of, I. 95.

Chandanhâr, an amulet, II. 44.

Chandikâ, worship of, I. 3, 112; II. 168.

Chando Omal, the Moon deity, I. 10.

Chan Hâji, a saint, I. 287.

Chandra, the Moon godling, I. 12.

Chandrabansi Râjput sept, totemism, II. 150.

Chandragupta, descent from the bull, II. 153.

Châng rite, the, II. 309.

Changelings, I. 265.

Chânwand, worship of, I. 106.

Charact, the, II. 41.

Châran tribe, burial rites, II. 60;
women, worship of, I. 112.

Charanamrita, the, I. 242.

Charan Dâs, a saint, I. 184.

Charcoal, a protective, II. 10, 245;
omens from, II. 50.

Charms recited backwards, II. 276;
used in exorcism, I. 159.

Chauk Chanda festival, I. 17.

Chaumu, worship of, II. 81.

Chaunda Gusâîn, worship of, II. 113.

Chero tribe, sacred groves, II. 90;
snake descent, II. 154;
totemism, II. 154.

Chajju-panthi sect, the, I. 184.

Chatthi, a birth fiend, I. 265.

Chhîpi caste, worship of Nâmdeo, I. 204.

Chik tribe, totemism, II. 159.

Children, exposed to attacks of Bhûts, I. 235;
named after ancestors, I. 179;
offered to the Ganges, II. 169;
protective godlings of, I. 137;
regarded as Bhûts, I. 260;
vowed to Sakhi Sarwar, I. 209.

Chiliânwâla, ghosts at, I. 259.

Chindiya Deo, worship of, I. 162.

Chîr tree, the, II. 319.

Chishtiya Faqîrs, I. 215.

Chithariya, Chithraiya, Bhawâni, worship of, I. 161.

Chitpâwan tribe, birth rites, I. 277;
marriage rites, II. 47.

Cholera, caused by witchcraft, I. 143;
demon of, expelled, I. 141;
charm against, I. 141.

Chondra tribe, use of vessels, II. 75.

Chondu, the itch godling, I. 136.

Chordeva, the field sprite, II. 79.

Chordevan, a birth fiend, I. 264.

Chordevî, a field sprite, II. 79.

Churel, the, I. 269;
modes of repelling, I. 272;
image of, painted on houses, II. 10.

Churn used in hail charming, I. 80.

Chyavana, legend of, I. 59.

Circe, wand of, II. 178.

Circle, magic, I. 103, 142; II. 41.

City overturned, I. 217;
selection of site, II. 50.

Clay flung to disperse the whirlwind, I. 81.

Cloak of invisibility, the, II. 43.

Clod festival, the, I. 16.

Clothes burnt with the corpse, II. 68;
filthy, put on children, II. 6.

Cloutie’s Croft, I. 278; II. 92.

Cloves, used in ceremonies, I. 152; II. 40.

Cock, sacrifice of, I. 20, 284.

Cocoanut symbolizing a victim, I. 46, 148, 227, 238; II. 106.

Colours, protective, II. 28.

Coluinn gun Cheann, I. 256.

Conception by a ghost, I. 118.

Conch shell, the, I. 80; II. 16.

Concord, ghosts at, I. 259.

Confectioners, protection from the Evil Eye, II. 10.

Copper, a protective, II. 15.

Coral, a protective, II. 16.

Cord, knotted, II. 43;
magic, II. 46.

Corn Mother, the, I. 117; II. 157;
sieve, a fetish, I. 152; II. 187.

Coronation stone, the, II. 179.

Corpse, carried out by a special way, II. 56;
articles left with, II. 68;
disinterring of, II. 65;
parading of, II. 62;
protection of, II. 65;
river springing from, I. 41;
saluting, II. 56;
spectres, I. 243;
tying of, I. 273.

Cots, hung on shrines, I. 97.

Cotton printers, saint of, I. 204;
tree, respect for, II. 103;
planting of, II. 305.

Counting, I. 274

Couvade, the, I. 113, 270, 274.

Covetousness, a cause of fascination, II. 3.

Cow, worship of, II. 226;
dung, virtue of, I. 180; II. 28;
killing of, I. 127; II. 227, 235;
respect paid to, II. 232;
sacrifice of, II. 64, 226;
shed, a temple, II. 232;
tail of, II. 233;
a totem, II. 228.

Cowry, a protective, II. 17.

Crawling under a stone, I. 227; II. 165.

Creeling, rite of, II. 190.

Criminal executed, influence over barrenness, I. 226.

Cross roads, I. 77, 78, 165.

Crow, the, I. 166; II. 243;
omens from, II. 48, 245.

Crown worn by the bridegroom, I. 239.

Crying the Neck, II. 307.

Cup marks, I. 235.

Curiosity taboo, the, I. 121, 238; II. 57, 128.

Currier’s stone, the, II. 34.

Cybele Rhœa, I. 117.

Cyclopes, the, I. 2; II. 37.

Cypress tree, the, II. 91.