[1596] Babylonian and Assyrian kings alike speak constantly of their fear of the gods. See the passages in Delitzsch's Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, pp. 526, 527, to which many more could be added.
[1597] See, e.g., Nebuchadnezzar, IR. 53, col. i, l. 31.
[1598] IVR. 60, B obv. 25.
[1599] IVR. 60, C obv. 14.
[1600] So Sargon cylinder, ll. 34-42.
[1601] IR. 37, col. i. l. 4.
[1602] See the writer's remarks in Oriental Studies of the Oriental Club of Philadelphia, pp. 119-121.
[1603] See the so-called family laws (as early as the days of Hammurabi) in Meissner's Beiträge zum Altbabylonischen Privatrecht, p. 15, where the punishment in the case of the son who casts aside his mother is specifically referred to.
[1605] See the admirable discussions on Babylonian jurisprudence in Kohler and Pelser's Aus dem Babylonischen Rechtsleben (parts i.-iii., Leipzig, 1890-97).
[1606] S. A. Strong in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1891, p. 460.
[1607] See on this subject Meissner, De Servitute Babylonico-Assyriaca pp. 3, 4, 40-49.
[1608] See especially chapters xxi., xxv., and xxvi.
[1610] See Kohut, Die Jûdische Angelologie und Dämanologie in ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Parsismus (Leipzig, 1866).
[1611] Peters' Nippur, pp. 182, 395.
[1612] See, e.g., Layard, Nineveh and Babylon (New York edition, 1853), p. 509.
[1613] On the extent of the settlements of Jews in Nippur, see Hilprecht, Cuneiform Texts, ix. 27, 28.
[1614] So, e.g., on some of the bowls in the University of Pennsylvania collection, crude pictures of Bel-Marduk and Ishtar are portrayed.
[1615] Schöpfung und Chaos, pp. 381-397.
[1617] "Ueber Gnosis und die Altbabylonlsche Religion," Verhandlungen des fünften Orientalisten Congress, 1881, ii. 288-305.
[1618] Zur Frage nach dem Ursprung des Gnostizismus (Leipzig, 1897).
[1621] The Life and Exploits of Alexander the Great, pp. xii. seq.
[1623] R. Brown, Semitic Influence in Hellenic Mythology (London, 1898).
[1624] Western Origin of the Early Chinese Civilization (London, 1894).
[1625] A paper on this subject was announced by Jas. Kennedy at the Eleventh International Congress of Orientalists.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
NOTE.
The bibliography is arranged in nine sections, the order adopted corresponding to the broad subdivisions of the book. The beginning is therefore made:
(1) With references to the most important or most useful publications, dealing with the excavations conducted in Babylonia and Assyria, the method of decipherment of the cuneiform inscriptions, the general history of Babylonia and Assyria, and the general aspects of the Babylonian-Assyrian culture. This section corresponds to the first two chapters of the book.
(2) The second section is devoted to books, monographs, articles, and chapters in books, dealing with the general subject of the Babylonian-Assyrian religion.
In neither of these two sections have I aimed at being exhaustive, though the second will be found, I think, to include almost everything of any value.
The detailed bibliography begins with the following section. Corresponding again to the treatment of the subject in the book, I take up in succession:
(3) The Pantheon.
(4) Religious Texts.
(5) Cosmology.
(6) Gilgamesh Epic (including the Deluge episode).
(7) Beliefs and Customs (Views of Life after Death, Funeral Rites, Legends, Ethics, etc.).
(8) Temples and Cult.
(9) Bearings of the Babylonian-Assyrian Religion on the Old Testament, and General Influence Exerted by the Religion.
Of these seven sections, all but the last aim at being exhaustive. It was not always easy to decide into what division a particular reference belonged, but I have been generally guided by the needs of students for whom this portion of the bibliography is particularly intended.
The fifth and sixth sections should be taken together; and similarly the seventh and eighth, while the fourth section should of course be consulted in connection with the third, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth.
Under each section the authors named are arranged in alphabetical order. Occasionally, I have added some comments to the reference given, as a guide or a warning to students. In a subject like Assyriology, where new discoveries are constantly being made and progress in the interpretation of texts is steadily going on, it is inevitable that views and translations should be subject to modification—sometimes slight, but frequently significant. I have endeavored to avoid repetition of references. In a few cases this was unavoidable. In the second section portions of books are referred to, which by virtue of their character as very general works had to be assigned a place also in the first section. Two or three of the references in the fourth section had to be repeated elsewhere; and I should also add that there are a few references which I have been unable to verify.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The following abbreviations are employed:
AB = Assyriologische Bibliothek, ed. by Friedrich Delitzsch and Paul Haupt.
AD = Andover Review.
AI = Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres.
AJP = American Journal of Philology.
AJT = American Journal of Theology.
AJSL = American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures.
AL = Delitzsch's Assyrische Lesestücke (3d ed.)
APC = Annales de Philosophie Chrétienne.
BA = Beiträge zur Assyriologie.
BAZ = Beilage zur Allgemeinen Zeitung (Munich).
BOR = Babylonian and Oriental Record.
BW = Biblical World.
CR = Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres.
DR = Deutsche Rundschau.
DRe = Deutsche Revue.
ET = Expository Times.
FLJ = Folk Lore Journal.
H = Hebraica.
IAQR = Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review.
ICO = International Congress of Orientalists.
JA = Journal Asiatique.
JAOS = Journal of the American Oriental Society.
JHUC = Johns Hopkins University Circulars.
JRAS = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
JTVI = Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute.
KAA = Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam).
KAW = Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.
M = Museon.
MVG = Miltheilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft.
OTS = Old Testament Student.
PAOS = Proceedings of the American Oriental Society.
PR = Presbyterian Review.
PSBA = Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology.
R = Rawlinson's 'Selection from the miscellaneous Inscriptions of Western Asia.' (London 1861-1891.) 5 vols.
RA = Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale.
RAr = Revue Archéologique.
RB = Revue Biblique.
RC = Revue Critique.
RHR = Revue de l'Histoire des Religions.
RIA = Royal Irish Academy.
RP = Records of the Past.
RR = Revue des Religions.
RS = Revue Semitique.
RT = Recueil de Travaux relatifs à la Philologie et à l'Archéologie Egyptiennes et Assyriennes.
SST = Sunday School Times.
TSBA = Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology.
TZ = Theologische Zeitblätter.
WZKM = Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes.
ZA = Zeitschrift für Assyriologie.
ZATW = Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.
ZDMG = Zeitschrift der Deutsch-Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.
ZK = Zeitschrift für Keilschriftforschung.
Periodicals, the volumes of which correspond to years, are quoted by the years; others, by the volumes, or by series, or by series and volumes.
Roman numerals indicate volumes, except in the case of PAOS, where they indicate pages; Arabic numerals indicate pages or plates.
I.
Excavations.—Method of Decipherment.—History of Babylonia and Assyria.—Origin and General Aspects of Babylonian And Assyrian Culture.—General Bibliography.
(a) Excavations and Decipherment.
Kaulen, Fr.—Assyrien und Babylonien nach den neuesten Entdeckungen. (4th ed. Freiburg 1891.)
[Popular account of excavations, method of decipherment, Babylonian literature and architecture. A work in English of this character is much to be desired. See also Hommel, F.—Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. Berlin 1885. pp. 30-134; Evetts, B. A.—New Light on the Holy Land. London 1891. pp. 79-129.]
(b) History.
Duncker, Max.—Geschichte des Alterthums. Vols. I. and II, (5th ed. Berlin 1878.)
[Also English translation of earlier edition.]
Hommel, F.—Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (Berlin 1885.)
---- Geschichte des alten Morgenlandes. (Stuttgart 1895.)
[Chapters I., IV.-VIII.]
Lenormant, François [and Ernest Babelon].—Histoire ancienne de l'Orient. Vol. IV. (9th ed. Paris 1885.)
Maspero, G.—The Dawn of Civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea. (London 1894.)
---- The Struggle of the Nations: Egypt, Syria, and Assyria. (London 1896.)
[Replacing earlier historical works of this author.]
Meyer, Ed.—Geschichte des Alterthums. Vol. 1. (Stuttgart 1884.)
Muerdter und Delitzsch.—Kurzgefasste Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (2d ed. Stuttgart 1891.)
Ragozin, Z.—(1) The Story of Chaldea. (2) The Story of Assyria. (New York 1886-1887.)
Rawlinson, George.—The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World. Vols. I.-III. (4th ed. London 1879.)
[Antiquated, but still of some use.]
Rogers, R. W.—Outlines of the History of Early Babylonia. (Leipzig 1895.)
Schmidt, Valdemar.—Assyriens og Aegyptens gamle Historie. (Copenhagen 1872-1877.)
[pp. 347-461]
Tiele, C. P.—Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte. (Gotha 1886.)
[The best history that has as yet been published.]
Wachsmuth, Curt.—Einleitung in das Studium der alten Geschichte. (Leipzig 1895.)
[pp. 365-403 "Babylonier und Assyrier,"—indication of ancient and modern sources for the study.]
Winckler, Hugo.—Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (Leipzig 1892.)
(c) Origin and General Aspects of Babylonian-Assyrian Culture.
Baumstark, A.—Babylon and Babylonia.
[In Pauly-Wissowa's Real Encyclopaedie, II. cols. 2667-2718.]
Bezold, C.—Assyria.
[Ib. II. cols. 1751-1771.]
Hommel, F.—Der Babylonische Ursprung der Aegyptischen Kultur. (Munich 1892.)
Ihering, Rudolph Von.—Vorgeschichte der Indo-Europäer. (Leipzig 1894.) 2tes Buch, 'Arier und Semiten,' pp. 93-305.
[A most suggestive sketch of the development and influence of Babylonian culture; also in English translation, 'The Evolution of the Aryan.' New York 1897.]
Nikel, Johannes.—Herodot und die Keilschriftforschung. (Paderborn 1896.)
Peiser, F. E.—Skizze der Babylonischen Gesellschaft. (Berlin 1896.)
[Brief but capital sketch of Babylonian culture and social life.]
(d) Bibliography.
Bezold, C.—Kurzgefasster Ueberblick über die Babylonisch-Assyrische Literatur. (Leipzig 1886.)
[A new edition is needed of this most valuable work.]
Delitzsch, Friedrich.—'Litteratura' in the appendix to his 'Assyrian Grammar.' (London 1889.) pp. 55-78.
Kaulen, Fr.—Assyrien und Babylonien (as above), pp. 248-266.
Lincke, A.—Bericht über die Fortschritte der Assyriologie in den Jahren 1886-1893. (Leipzig 1894.)
Full bibliographical reports are given in:
(1) The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures (University of Chicago; quarterly).
(2) Jahrbücher für Geschichte, ed. by I. Jastrow and E. Berner (Berlin; annual).
(3) Orientalische Bibliographie, ed. by Lucian Scherman (Berlin; semi-annual).
(4) Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, ed. by C. Bezold (Munich; quarterly).
(5) Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale, ed. by J. Oppert and E. Ledrain (Paris; published at irregular intervals).
II.
General Works and Articles on the Religion of Babylonia and Assyria.
Berger, P.—'Assyrie' in Lichtenberger's 'Encyclopédie des Sciences Religieuses.'
Boscawen, W. St. Chad.—Lectures on the Religion of Babylonia [abstract] BOR III. 118-120, 150-163.
---- The Religion of Babylonia in 'Religious Systems of the World.' (Swan Sonnenschein & Co. 1896. pp. 15-25.)
Delitzsch, Friedrich.—The Religion of the Kassites. H 1885. 189-191.
[From Delitzsch's 'Sprache der Kossaer.' Leipzig 1884. pp. 51-54.]
Eerdmans, B. D.—Babylonian-Assyrian Religion.
[In 'Progress,' a publication issued by the University Association, Chicago, Ill. 3d series, No. 6 (1897), pp. 403-415.]
Finzi, Felice.—Ricerche per lo Studio dell' Antichita Assira. (Rome 1872.) Libro Secondo. Mitologia, pp. 433-554.
[General sketch of the religion, more particularly of the pantheon and legends of Babylonia and Assyria.]
Guyard, S.—Bulletin de la Religion Assyro-Babylonienne. RHR I. 327-345; V. 253-278.
Halévy, Joseph.—La Religion des Anciens Babyloniens et son plus recent historien M. Sayce. RHR XVII. 169-218.
[Elaborate review of Sayce's work on the 'Religion of the Babylonians,' with summary of Halévy's own views.]
Heuzey, Leon.—Description of Monuments in De Sarzec's 'Découvertes en Chaldée.' (Paris 1889-1891.) pp. 77-240.
[Contains much valuable information on religious art, votive objects, representations of religious ceremonies. The publication is not yet complete.]
Hewitt, J. F.—Early History of Northern India, Part III. JRAS, 1889, 527-583.
[An attempt to trace the origin of Indian civilization to emigrants from southern Babylonia. The investigation has little value.]
Hincks, Edward.—On the Assyrian Mythology. RIA Transactions XXII. Polite Literature, 1854, 405-422.
Hommel, F.—Die Semitischen Völker und Sprachen. (Leipzig 1883.) pp. 356-396. Die Religion der alten Babylonier, pp. 266-356. Sprache und Literatur der Sumero-Akkadier.
[Specimens of hymns and incantations.]
Jeremias, Friedrich.—'Die Babylonier und Assyrier' in Chantepie de la Saussaye's 'Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte.' (2d ed. Freiburg 1897.) I. 163-221.
[An excellent sketch of the Babylonian-Assyrian religion.]
Lenormant, François.—Les Sciences Occultes en Asie. I. La Magie chez les Chaldéens et les Origines Accadiennes. II. La Divination et la Science des Présages chez les Chaldéens. (Paris 1874-1875.)
[Also in English translation (in part) under the title 'Chaldaean Magic.' London 1877.]
Loisy, A.—Études sur la Religion Chaldéo-Assyrienne. (RR, 1890-1892.)
[Seven articles.]
Meyer, Ed.—Geschichte des Alterthums. I. 174-183. (Stuttgart 1884.)
Mürdter und Delitzsch.—Kurzgefasste Geschichte Babyloniens und Assyriens. (2d ed. Stuttgart 1891.) pp. 23-53.
Oppert, J.—'Babylone et Chaldée' in Lichtenberger's 'Encyclopedie des Sciences Religieuses.'
Pinches, T. G.—The Religious Ideas of the Babylonians. JTVI XXVIII. 1-22.
Pressensè, E. de.—La Religion Chaldéo-Assyrienne. RHR XIV. 73-94.
Rawlinson, George.—The Religions of the Ancient World. (New York 1883.)
[Chapter II.—The Religion of the Assyrians and Babylonians.]
---- The Religion of Assyria in 'Religious Systems of the World.' (Swan Sonnenschein & Co. London 1896.) pp. 26-41.
Rawlinson, H. C.—The Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians.
[In George Rawlinson's 'The History of Herodotus.' London 1859. Vol. I. Essay X.]
Sayce, A. H.—The Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Religion of the Ancient Babylonians. (London 1887.)
[Brilliant and suggestive, but unreliable in details. The translations attached to the volume are to be accepted with caution. See Halévy's elaborate review, RHR XVII. 169-218.]
Strong, S. A.—Die Religion der Babylonier.
[Announced to appear.]
Schwally, F.—'Die Religion der Babylonier und Assyrier,' in Friedrich von Hellwald's 'Kulturgeschichte in ihrer natürlichen Entwicklung bis zur Gegenwart.' (4th ed. Leipzig 1896.) I. 423-433.
Tiele, C. P.—Babylonisch-Assyrische Geschichte. (1886.) pp. 515-557. Religion: Die Mythologie und Glaubenslehre.
---- Vergelijkende Geschiedenis der Aegyptische en Mesopotamische Godsdiensten. (Amsterdam 1869.) pp. 282-413. De Godsdienst van Babel en Assur.
[French translation (abridged) by G. Collins, 'Histoire Comparée des Anciennes Religions de l'Egypte et des Peuples Semitiques.' Paris 1882, pp. 145-255. La Religion de Babylonie et de l'Assyrie. Also English translation by J. Ballingue. 1882.]
---- Geschichte der Religion im Alterthum bis auf Alexander den Grossen. (Gotha 1895.) I. 127-216. Die Religion in Babylonien und Assyrien.
[Also in Dutch. Amsterdam 1893.]
III.
Pantheon, Gods, Spirits, Heroes.
Ball, C. J.—Tammuz, the Swine-god. PSBA XVI. 195-200.
Barton, G. A.—The Semitic Ishtar Cult. H IX. 131-165; X. 1-73.
---- Was Ilu Ever a Distinct Deity in Babylonia? H X. 206, 207.
Bezold, C.—A Cuneiform List of Gods. PSBA XI. 173, 174; see also IX. 377.
---- Note on the god Addu or Daddu. Ib. p. 377.
---- Ueber Keilinschriftliche Babylonisch-Assyrische Göttertypen. ZA IX. 114-125, 405-409.
Chwolson, D. A.—Ueber Tammûz und die Menschenverehrung bei den alten Babyloniern. (St. Petersburg 1860.)
De Cara, Caesare.—Identificazione d'Iside e d'Osiride con Ishtar ed Ashur. 8th ICO, Section Semitique 2me Fasc, 275-278.
Delitzche, Friedrich.—Article on 'Thammuz' in 'Calwer, Bibellexikon.' (Calw und Stuttgart 1885.)
---- Articles on Dagon, Merodach, Nebo, Nergal, Nisroch, Rimmon. Ib.
Eerdmans, B.—Goddess  (or Malkatu) in 'Melekdienst en Vereering von Hemellichamen in Israel's Assyrische Periode.' (Leiden 1891.) pp. 73-82.
Guyard, S.—Le Dieu Assyrien Ninib. RC, 1879, 1er Mars.
Hoffmann, G.—Neue und Alte Götter (Nin-gal, Nusku, Ea, Nabu, Gibil, Ninib, Nergal, Sin). ZA XI. 258-292.
[Chiefly discussions of symbols of these deities found upon seal cylinders.]
Hommell, Fritz.—Die Identität der ältesten Babylonischen und Aegyptischen Göttergenealogie und der Babylonische Ursprung der Aegyptischen Kultur. 9th ICO II. 218-244.
---- Note on Ninib. PSBA XIX. 312-314.
Jastrow, Morris, Jr.—On the Assyrian Kuduru and the Ring of the Sun-god in the Abu-Habba Tablet. PAOS, Oct. 1888. XCV.-XCVIII.
Jensen, P.—Ueber einige Sumero-Akkadische und Babylonisch-Assyrische Götternamen. ZA, 1886. I. 1-24.
[Anshar, Ashur, Igigi, Dûzu, or Tammuz. Cf. Schrader's remarks, ib. pp. 209-217.]
---- Die Götter Amurru und Ashratu. ZA XI. 302-305.
---- Nik(k)al-Sharratu; Sharratu in Harran. ZA XI. 293-301.
Jeremias, A.—Articles on Ashur, Marduk, Nebo, Nergal, Shamash, Sin, Tammuz in Roscher's 'Ausführliches Lexikon der Griechischen und Römischen Mythologie.'
[Articles on Adar, Anu, Anunnaki, Ea, Etana announced to appear in the supplement to Roscher's 'Ausführliches Lexikon,' etc.]
Lenormant, François.—Il mito di Adone-Tammuz nei documenti cuneiformi. 4th ICO, 1878. I. 143-173.
---- Sur le nom de Tammuz. 1st ICO II. 149-165.
---- Les Dieux de Babylone et de l'Assyrie. (Paris 1877.)
Luzzato, P.—L'Existence d'un Dieu Assyrien nommé Semiramis. JA, 4th Series, XVII. 465-480.
Lyon, D. G.—Was there at the Head of the Babylonian Pantheon a Deity bearing the Name El? PAOS, May 1883, clxiv.-clxviii.
---- The Pantheon of Assurbanipal. PAOS, Oct. 1888, xciv., xcv.
Menant, J.—Le Mythe de Dagon. RHR XI. 295-301.
[Also in 'Les Pierres Gravées de la Haute Asie. Recherches de la Glyptique Orientale.' Paris 1883.]
---- Le Panthéon Assyro-Chaldéen. Les Beltis. RHR VIII. 489-519.
[The representation of goddesses engraved on seal cylinders. See also 'Les Pierres Gravées de la Haute Asie,' etc., as above.]
Meyer, Eduard.—Articles Baal and Astarte (with references to Bel and Ishtar) in Roscher's 'Ausführliches Lexikon der Griechischen und Römischen Mythologie.'
Nicolsky, M. V.—La Déesse des Cylindres et des Statuettes Babyloniennes. RAr, 3me série, XX. 36-43.
Offord, J.—The Nude Goddess in Assyro-Babylonian Art. PSPA XVIII. 156, 157.
Oppert, Jules.—La Vraie Assimilation de la Divinité de Tello. CR, 1884, 231-233.
---- Le Dieu de Sirtella [i.e., Lagash]. ZK II. 261, 262.
[M. Oppert accepts the reading Nin-girsu first proposed by Arthur Amlaud. Ib. pp. 151, 152.]
---- Adad. ZA IX. 310-314.
[Discussion of pronunciation. See also Hilprecht, 'Assyriaca,' pp. 76-78, and Jastrow, AJSL XII. 143.]
Pinches, Theo. G.—Note upon the divine name Â. PSBA XIII. 25-27, 42-56.
---- Was Ninib the Most High God of Salem? Ib. XVI. 225-229.
---- The Pronunciation of the Name of the Plague-god, Urra not Dibbarra. BOR I. 207, 208.
[See Scheil, RT. XX. 57.]
---- A Bilingual List of Assyrian Gods. Academy, 1887, No. 816.
[See Evetts, ib. No. 819.]
Rawlinson, H. C.—Notes on Captain Durand's Report upon the Islands of Bahrein. JRAS, 1880, 201-227.
[Contains important remarks on the origin of Ea worship at the Persian Gulf, pp. 202-208.]
Reisner, George.—The Different Classes of Babylonian Spirits. PAOS, April 1892, cxcv., cxcvi.
Revillout, E. and V.—Istar Taribi. BOR II. 57-59.
Robiou, F. A.—A Study on Egyptian and Babylonian Triads. IAQR, 1894.
Sayce, A. H.—Who was Dagon? SST, 1893, No. 21.
---- The God Ramman. ZA II. 331, 332.
Scheil, Fr. V.—Le Dieu-roi Bur-Sin Planète. ZA XII. 265, 266.
---- Ishtar sous la symbole de la vache. RT XX. 62.
---- Le Culte de Gudea. RT XVIII. 64-74.
Schrader, E.—Die Göttin Ishtar als Malkatu und Sharratu. ZA III. 353-364; IV. 74, 75
---- Die Malkat hash-Shamayim und ihr Aramäisch-Assyrisches Aequivalent. KAW Sitzungsberichte, 1886, 477-491.
[See also Stade in ZATW VI. 123-132; 289-339; and Kuenen KAA Afdeeling 'Letterkunde,' 1888, 157-189.]
Talbot, H. Fox.—The Legend of Ishtar Descending to Hades. TSBA II. 179-212. See also RPI, 141-149.
Thureau-Daugin, Fr.—La Lecture de l'Idéogramme AN-IM (Ramman). JA, 9th Series, II. 385-393.
[See also Oppert, ib. pp. 393-396.]
Tiele, C. P.—- La Déesse Ishtar surtout dans le mythe Babylonien. 6th ICO, Part II. Section I. 493-506.
[See also discussion in the Comptes Rendus of the Congress, pp. 87-91.]
---- Die Beteekenis van Ea en zijn verkoudung tot Marduk en Nabû. KAA Verslagen en Mededeelingen 'Letterkunde,' 1887, 67-81.
Ward, W. H.—The Babylonian Gods in Babylonian Art. PAOS, May 1890, xv.-xviii.
---- Was there a Babylonian Gate-god? Academy, 1888, No. 847.
Winckler, H.—Die Istar von Nineve in Egypten. MVG I. 286-289.
Witte, J. de.—Sur le nom de Thamouz attribué à Adonis. M, 1887, 81 seq.
Zehnpfund, R.—Altbabylonische Götter und Heldensagen. BAZ, 1891, Nos. 39, 40, 52, 56, 63.
IV.
Religious Texts.
Hymns, Incantations, Omens, Oracles, Prayers, Legends, Myths, Votive Texts.
Ball, C. J.—A Bilingual Hymn (IVR 46, 5-19) PSBA XV. 51-54.
---- A Babylonian Ritual Text. JRAS, 1892, 841-853.
Banks, E. J.—Sumerisch-Babylonische Hymnen der von George Reisner herausgegebenen Sammlung, umschrieben, übersetzt und erklärt. (Breslau 1897.)
Barton, G. A.—Esarhaddon's Account of the Restoration of Ishtar's Temple at Erech. PAOS, May 1891, cxxx.-cxxxii.
Bertin, G.—Akkadian Hymn to the Setting Sun. RP, new series, II. 190-193.
Bezold, C.—Remarks on Some Unpublished Cuneiform Syllabaries with Respect to Prayers and Incantations written in Interlinear Form. PSBA X. 418-423.
---- Translation and Analysis of a Hymn to the Sun-god (Sp III.). RA I. 157-161.
Boissier, Alfred.—Deux Documents Assyriens relatifs aux Présages. RS I. 63-70, 168-172.
---- Documents Assyriens relatifs aux Présages.
[Vols. I. and II., Paris 1894-1897. Vol. III. announced.]
---- Notes d'Assyriologie. RS VI. 143-151.
[Two texts—a Prayer and an Incantation.]
Boscawen, W. St. Chad.—The Babylonian Legend of the Serpent Tempter. BOR IV. 251-255.
---- Babylonian Teraphim. BOR I. 39, 40.
---- The Legend of the Tower of Babel. RP III. 129-132; also in the TSBA V. 303-312.
[The interpretation is erroneous.]
Brünnow, R.—Assyrian Hymns. ZA IV. 1-40, 225-258; V. 55-80.
[Hymns to Shamash, Marduk, and Ishtar.]
Budge, Ernest A.—Assyrian Incantations to Fire and Water. RP XI. 133-138; also in TSBA VI. 420-435.
Craig, Jas. A.—Prayer of the Assyrian King Ashurbanipal. H X. 75-87.
---- Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts, Vols. I. and II. (Leipzig 1895-1897.) AB XIII.
[Announces also volumes of texts (1) Prayers to Shamash and Ramman, and (2) Series 'Illumination of Bel.']
---- K 69 (a hymn). ZA XI. 276.
---- An Assyrian Incantation to the God Sin, cir. 650 B.C. H XI. 101-109.
Delattre, A. J.—The Oracles Given in Favor of Esarhaddon. RP, new series, III. 25-31; see also BOR III. 25-31.
Delitzsch, Friedrich.—Babylonisch-Assyrisches Psalmbuch.
[Announced to appear in the 'Abhandlungen der königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig.']
---- Assyrische Lesestücke. (Leipzig 1885. 3d ed.)
[Contains a selection of religious texts as follows: pp. 93-99, Creation tablets; 99-104, Deluge episode; 117, 118, Oracle to Esarhaddon; 130-132, Incantations; 134-136, Hymn to Ishtar.]
Evetts, B. T. A.—An Assyrian Religious Text. PSBA X. 478, 479 and two plates.
[Apparently a royal prayer.]
Halévy, J.—Assyrian Fragments. RP XI. 157-162.
[Part of a hymn, of a penitential psalm, etc.]
---- Documents religieux de l'Assyrie et de la Babylonie. (Paris 1882.)
---- Textes religieux Babyloniens en double Redaction. RS IV. 150-160, 245-251, 344-348.
---- 'Les Inscriptions peints de Citium' in 'Mélanges de Critique et d'Histoire,' pp. 165-196.
[Translation in large part and discussion of Ishtar's descent into the nether world.]
Harper, Edward T.—Die Babylonischen Legenden von Etana, Zu, Adapa und Dibbarra. BA II. 390-521.