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The Religious Sentiment / Its Source and Aim: A Contribution to the Science and / Philosophy of Religion cover

The Religious Sentiment / Its Source and Aim: A Contribution to the Science and / Philosophy of Religion

Chapter 25: INDICES.
By Daniel G. Brinton
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About This Book

This work analyzes the origins and nature of religious feeling through an inductive survey of diverse religions combined with psychological theory. It argues that religions arise from laws of mind—sensations, emotions, and thought—and examines emotional elements, rational postulates, prayer, myth cycles, cultic symbols and rites, and the logical structures that underlie belief, including distinctions between conditioned and unconditioned knowledge. Chapters move from mental physiology to the forms of religious thought, aiming to explain how human cognitive and affective processes produce religious ideas and practices and how prayer and symbolism function within those systems.

236-1 Essay on the use of Anthropomorphism. Mr. Spencer’s argument, in his own words, is this:—“From the inability under which we labor to conceive of a Deity save as some idealization of ourselves, it inevitably results that in each age, among each people, and to a great extent in each individual, there must arise just that conception of Deity best adapted to the needs of the case.” “All are good for their times and places.” “All were beneficent in their effects on those who held them.” It would be hard to quote from the records of theory-making an example of more complete indifference to acknowledged facts than these quotations set forth.

239-1 De Veritate, p. 216.

241-1 August Neander, Geschichte der Christlichen Religion und Kirche, Bd. i., ss. 160, 346. (Gotha, 1856.) St. Clement’s description of Christ is Τον οψιν αισχρον. Tertullian says: “Nec humanæ honestatis corpus fuit, nedum celestis claritatis.”

243-1 Novalis, Schriften, B. i., s. 244.

244-1 A. Bain, The Senses and the Intellect, p. 607.

245-1 Dr. T. Laycock, On some Organic Laws of Memory, in the Journal of Mental Science, July, 1875, p. 178.

246-1 Speaking of the mission of the artist, Wilhelm von Humboldt says: “Die ganze Natur, treu und vollständig beobachtet, mit sich hinüber zu tragen, d. h. den Stoff seiner Erfahrungen dem Umfange der Welt gleich zu machen, diese ungeheure Masse einzelner und abgerissener Erscheinungen in eine l’ungetrennte Einheit und ein organisirtes Ganzes zu verwandeln; und dies durch alle die Organe zu thun, die ihm hierzu verliehen sind,—ist das letzte Ziel seines intellectuellen Bemühen.” Ueber Goethe’s Hermann und Dorothea, Ab. IV.

246-2 Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie, B. I. s. 48.

247-1 Gesammelte Werke. Bd. VII., s. 63.

249-1 See this forcibly brought out and abundantly illustrated in the work of M. Coulange, La Cité Antique.

249-2 W. von Humboldt, Gesammelte Werke. Bd. VII., p. 72.

250-1 H. L. Liddon, Canon of St. Paul’s. Some Elements of Religion, p. 84.

251-1 The Chevalier Bunsen completed the moral estimate of the one-man-power, thus acknowledged by Machiavelli, in these words: “Alles Grosse geht aus vom Einzelnen, aber nur in dem Masse, als dieser das Ich dem Ganzen opfert.” Gott in der Geschichte, Bd. I., s. 38.

252-1 W. von Humboldt, Ideen zu einem Vorsuch, die Gränzen der Wirksamkeit des Staats zu bestimmen, Breslau, 1851. Auguste Comte, Système de Politique Positive, Paris, 1851-4. The former was written many years before its publication.

256-1 Lectures on Metaphysics, Vol. I., p. 23.

256-2 The Koran, Suras xi., xvi.

258-1 The Myths of the New World, Chap. IX.

259-1 Jacob Grimm quite overlooked this important element in the religion of the ancient Germans. It is ably set forth by Adolf Holtzmann, Deutsche Mythologie, s. 196 sqq. (Leipzig, 1874).

260-1 The seemingly heartless reply he made to one of his disciples, who asked permission to perform the funeral rites at his father’s grave: “Follow me; and let the dead bury their dead,” is an obvious condemnation of one of the most widespread superstitions of the ancient world. So, according to an ingenious suggestion of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, was the fifth commandment of Moses: “Ne parentum seriem tanquam primam aliquam causam suspicerent homines, et proinde cultum aliquem Divinum illis deferrent, qualem ex honore parentum sperare liceat benedictionem, docuit.” De Veritate, p. 231.

Herbert Spencer in his Essay on the Origin of Animal Worship, calls ancestral worship “the universal first form of religious belief.” This is very far from correct, but it is easy to see how a hasty thinker would be led into the error by the prominence of the ancient funereal ceremonies.

262-1 Dhammapada, 21.

263-1 La Vie Eternelle, p. 339.

264-1 The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. I., ch. XV.

264-2 Address to the Clergy, p. 16.

267-1 “Toute religion, qu’on se permet de défendre comme une croyance qu’il est utile de laisser au peuple, ne peut plus espérer qu’une agonie plus ou moins prolongée.” Condorcet, De l’Esprit Humain, Ep. V.

274-1 Romans, ch. ix., v. 3.

274-2 “Beata quippe vita est gaudium de veritate.” Augustini Confessionum, Lib. x., caps. xxii., xxiii.

275-1 “Prudens amator non tam donum amantis considerat, quam dantis amorem. Nobilis amator non quiescit in dono, sed in me super omne donum.” De Imitatione Christi, Lib. iii., cap. vi.

277-1 Fifteen Sermons by Joseph Butler, Lord Bishop of Durham. Sermon “On the love of God.”

277-2 Unterhaltungen, p. 131.

INDICES.

I. AUTHORS QUOTED.
  • Dante, 93.
  • Darwin, C., 71, 88.
  • Dick, 266.
  • Dickson, J. T., 73.
  • Etheridge, J. W., 190.
  • Ferguson, 66.
  • Ferrier, J. F., 20, 28, 43, 97.
  • Feuchtersleben, 8, 54, 73.
  • Feuerbach, 194.
  • Fothergill, J. M., 61.
  • Gibbon, 264.
  • Goethe, 277.
  • Gurney, J. J., 119.
  • Kolk, Schroeder van der, 72.
  • Kitto, 74.
  • Koppen, 37, 214.

II. SUBJECTS.

  • Absolute, the, 102, 106.
  • consciousness of, 161.
  • Adam, as prophet of the moon, 170.
  • Adjita, 178.
  • Adonis, 165.
  • Aeon, 163, 166.
  • Agdistis, an epicene deity, 65.
  • Ahura-Mazda, 113, 166, 184.
  • Allah, 239.
  • Amitabha, 175, 185.
  • Analytic propositions, 32.
  • Androgynous deities, 66.
  • Animism, 163.
  • Anointed, the, 176.
  • Anya-Mainyus, 166, 184.
  • Anthropomorphism, 193.
  • Antinomies, of Kant, 29.
  • Aphrodite, 65, 241.
  • Apocalypse, the, 171.
  • Apollo, 67, 241.
  • Apperception, 156.
  • Apprehension, 142.
  • Arab idea of time, 165.
  • Argumentum de appetitu, 231.
  • Aronhiate, a Huron deity, 221.
  • Arrenothele deities, 66.
  • Art, religious, in Orient, 15;
  • in Greece, 16;
  • Christian, 209, 241;
  • useless and immoral, 244.
  • Assyria, flood myth of, 169.
  • Athanasius, his doctrine of the Trinity, 191.
  • Atonement, doctrine of, 222.
  • Avalokitesvara, 214.
  • Aztecs, 80.
  • Cabala, Jehova in, 65.
  • Canting arms, 212.
  • Cause, not a reason, 38;
  • in physical science, 91.
  • Celibacy, Romish, 61.
  • Cerebration, unconscious, 149.
  • Chance, the idea of, 93.
  • Chinese character for prayer, 129.
  • Christ, see Jesus.
  • Christianity, doctrines of, 190, 257, 264, 274;
  • symbol of, 203.
  • Christmas tree, the, 215.
  • Cockatrice, the, 77.
  • Commonwealth, ideal of, 247.
  • Consciousness, forms of, 17, 20.
  • Confucius, doctrine, 122, sq.
  • Continuity, law of, 11, 16;
  • principle of, 95.
  • Contradiction, law of, 27, 102.
  • Correspondences, doctrine of, 217.
  • Cosmical relations of man, 112, 268.
  • Cotytto, 65.
  • Cow, as a symbol, 204.
  • Craoshanç, 176.
  • Creation, myth of, 166.
  • Crescent, a phallic symbol, 62.
  • Cross, a phallic symbol, 62;
  • as phonetic symbol, 210;
  • variants of, 210.
  • Cult, the, 199 sq.
  • Culture, religion of, 243, 244, 253.
  • Cybele, 65; priests of, 66, 219.
  • Dactyli, the, 184.
  • Darkness, terror of, 185.
  • Day of Judgment, the, 172.
  • Deity, see God.
  • Design, argument from, 110.
  • Desire, meaning of, 53.
  • Deus, 185; triformis, 191.
  • Deva, 185.
  • Didactic rites, 225.
  • Divination and prayer, 137.
  • Dramatic rites, 226.
  • Dual law of thought, 27, 102;
  • division of the gods, 182, 183.
  • Edda, mythology of, 175, 215.
  • Eden, garden of, 175.
  • Ego, the, 19.
  • Egoism of religion, 272.
  • Egyptians, doctrines of, 80, 222;
  • prayers, 115;
  • pyramids, 212;
  • lotus of, 214.
  • Emotions, origin of, 10;
  • exclude thought, 19;
  • in religion, 49;
  • of fear and hope, 50, 51;
  • esthetic, 14.
  • Entheasm, 148.
  • Epochs of nature, 164 sq.
  • Epicene deities, 66.
  • Epilepsy and religious delusions, 75.
  • Eros, 72.
  • Esculapius, emblem of, 200.
  • Esthetic emotions, 14, 244.
  • Ethics, grounds of, 266.
  • Excluded middle, law of, 27, sqq.
  • Expectant attention, 74, 129.
  • Explanation, limits of, 38.
  • Faith in religion, 107.
  • Fascination, 74.
  • Fear, in religion, 50, sqq.
  • Female principle in religion, 62, 183.
  • Feridun, garden of, 175.
  • Flood, myth of, 169, sq.
  • Fingers, as gods, 184.
  • Force, orders of, 133.
  • Freedom, 105.
  • Friends, sect of, see Quakers.
  • Future life, doctrine of, 256, sq.
  • Gallican confession, the, 138.
  • Generative function in religion, 62, 72, 73.
  • Genius as inspiration, 149.
  • Gnosis, the genuine, 74.
  • Gnostic doctrines, 166.
  • God, as father, 70;
  • spouses of, 69, 71;
  • mother of, 68;
  • sexless, 71;
  • earliest notions of, 78;
  • incomprehensible, 98;
  • throne of, 167;
  • love of, 73, 263, 276.
  • Gods,
  • hierarchy of, 181;
  • quantification of the, 186;
  • of lightning, 207.
  • Good, final victory of, 179.
  • Grasshoppers, prayers against, 131.
  • Greeks, art of, 16;
  • doctrines of, 80;
  • sophists, 96.
  • Gudmund, King, 175.
  • Hades, 186.
  • Hare, the Great, 212.
  • Hell, 186, 258, 274.
  • Hercules, 72.
  • Hermaphrodite deities, 66.
  • Hesperides, the, 175.
  • Hierarchy of the gods, 181.
  • High places, worship of, 215, 216.
  • Historic ideas, 232.
  • Holy spirit, as inspiring, 138;
  • brooding, 167.
  • Hope, in religion, 51 sqq.
  • Horæ, the, 165.
  • Humanity, the religion of, 194, 253.
  • Ignorance, in relation to religion, 82.
  • Illumination, 140.
  • Immortality, doctrine of, 255.
  • Indians, American, 125, 157.
  • Insanity, religious, 76.
  • Inspiration, 137.
  • Intelligence, one in kind, 96;
  • as the first cause, 106, 111.
  • Irmin, pillars of, 215.
  • Ischomachus, prayer of, 126.
  • Israelites, the Messiah of, 176.
  • Kalpa, of Brahmans, 168.
  • Knowledge, forms of, 21.
  • Kosmos, the, 72, 144, 167.
  • Lateau, Louise, 130.
  • Law, defined, 40;
  • of excluded middle, 27;
  • oldest, 248.
  • Laws, the, of thought, 26, sq.; 101, sq.;
  • not restrictive, 105;
  • as purposive, 108.
  • Light, as object of worship, 185.
  • Lightning, the, in symbolic art, 207.
  • Life, the perfect, 57.
  • Lingam, the, 66.
  • Lingayets, sect of, 66.
  • Logic, applied, 23;
  • abstract or formal, 24;
  • mathematical, 24;
  • laws of, 101, sq.
  • Logos, the, 42, 106.
  • Lotus, as symbol, 213, sq.
  • Love, as religious emotion, defined, 58, 60, 262;
  • of sex, 61, 63;
  • law of, 73;
  • of God, 73, 263, 276.
  • Ma, a goddess, 183.
  • Maitreya, 176.
  • Mamona, a Haitian deity, 68.
  • Märchen, the, defined, 157.
  • Marriage condemned, 69.
  • Maypole, as a symbol, 215.
  • Melitta, 65.
  • Memory, physical basis of, 10;
  • ancestral, 75.
  • Memorial, rites, 225.
  • Messiah, the, 176.
  • Millennium, the, 173, 268.
  • Michabo, an Algonkin deity, 185.
  • Mind,
  • growth of, 7;
  • extent of, 8, 271;
  • as seat of law, 163.
  • Miracles, 110, 130.
  • Mithras, 65.
  • Mohammed,
  • notion of god, 71;
  • inspired, 146.
  • Mohammedanism, 187, 224.
  • Monotheism, origin of, 80, 81; 186, sq.
  • Moral government of the world, 112.
  • Morality, independent of religion, dualism of deities, 182, 249, 266, 267.
  • Mormonism, 61.
  • Motion, first law of, 11;
  • relation to time and space, 35;
  • manifestations of, 77.
  • Myth, the, defined, 156.
  • Names, sacred, 156.
  • Natural selection, in sensation, 10;
  • in logic, 101.
  • Nature,
  • meaning of, 4, 39, 105;
  • epochs of, 164.
  • Nemqueteba, 240.
  • Neo-Hegelian doctrine, 194.
  • Nirvana, the, 13, 57, 257.
  • Noah, 170.
  • Nous, the, 106.
  • Oannes, 170.
  • Obelisk as symbol, 215.
  • Odainsakr, 175.
  • Odin, 53, 259.
  • Optimism, 112, 269.
  • Order, in things, 90, sq.
  • Osiris, 165.
  • Pain, defined, 17.
  • Parsees, doctrine of, 80, 166, 184.
  • Pantheism, 188, 194, 247.
  • Papas, a Phrygian god, 183.
  • Paradise, lost and regained, myths of, 173, sq;
  • future, 257.
  • Pentalpha, the, 212.
  • Perfected commonwealth, idea of, 247.
  • Perfected individual, idea of, 239.
  • Personal survival, idea of, 255.
  • Pessimism, 11, 112, 269.
  • Persians, ancient, 176.
  • Personality, the, 19, 270.
  • Phallus, worship of, 62, 66, 214, 216.
  • Phanes, the orphic principle, 190.
  • Philosophy of religion, defined, 3;
  • of mythology, 159;
  • of history, 232.
  • Phrygian divinities, 183.
  • Pillar worship, 215.
  • Pleasure, defined, 14.
  • Polarization, as a principle of thought, 183.
  • Porte Royale, miracles of, 131.
  • Postulates of religion, 89.
  • Prayer, 117, sq.
  • Progression of development, 109.
  • Protestantism, 128, 139, 250.
  • Protogonus, 167.
  • Psyche, and love, 72.
  • Pythagoras, his thoughts on number, 189.
  • Reason in religion, 106, 107;
  • drawn from sight, 186.
  • Rebus in symbolism, 212.
  • Regin, as name of gods, 90.
  • Relative, the, 106.
  • Religion, science of, 3;
  • philosophy of, 3;
  • personal factor of, 81;
  • not concerned with phenomena, 110.
  • Reproductive function in religion, 62.
  • Res per accidens, 182.
  • Resignation, doctrine of, 128, 135.
  • Revelation, marks of, 149.
  • Rig Veda, the, 125.
  • Rite, the, 217, seq.
  • Roland, pillars of, 215.
  • Roman Catholics, 76, 138, 141, 187, 250.
  • Sabians, myths of, 170.
  • Sacraments, 227.
  • Sacrifice, idea in, 218;
  • vicarious, 222.
  • Saga, the, defined, 157.
  • Saint Brigida, 146.
  • Saint Gertrude of Nivelles, 146.
  • Sakyamuni, see Buddha.
  • Saturnian Era, the, 175.
  • Science of Religion, 3;
  • as knowledge of system, 92;
  • of mythology, 158.
  • Secularization of symbols, 204.
  • Sensation, defined, 9;
  • excludes thought, 19;
  • of pain and pleasure, 10.
  • Sentiment, the religious, 3;
  • emotional elements of, 79;
  • rational postulates of, 87;
  • religion of, 250.
  • Serpent, as emblem and symbol, 200, 206, 207.
  • Sev, an Egyptian deity, 165.
  • Sex, love of, 61, 63;
  • in nature, 71, 72, 216.
  • Shekinah, the, 66.
  • Siddartha, a name of Buddha, 121.
  • Similars, law of, 204.
  • Sin, sense of, 225.
  • Sight, as the light-sense, 186.
  • Siva, worship of, 66, 214.
  • Soul, the, 19, 271.
  • Specific performance in rites, 218, sq.
  • Stigmata, the, 130.
  • Sufficient reason, principle of, 91.
  • Sukhavati, 175.
  • Supernatural, defined, 4;
  • its relation to symbols, 205.
  • Swedenborg, 75, 217.
  • Symbol, the phonetic, 200;
  • origin of, 202;
  • related and coincident, 203.
  • Symbolism, defined, 200.
  • Synthesis of contraries, 37.
  • Synthetic propositions, 32.
  • Tathagata, a name of Buddha, 121.
  • Tau, the Egyptian, 210.
  • Theology, 4.
  • Thor, hammer of, 210, 239.
  • Thought, as a function, 17;
  • laws of, 26, 101, sq.;
  • as purposive, 108.
  • Tien, Mongolian deity, 185, 216.
  • Time, not a force, 11;
  • but believed to be one, 165.
  • Tlapallan, 175.
  • Tree worship, 215.
  • Triads, the Celtic, 190;
  • Platonic, 191.
  • Triangle, the equilateral, 212.
  • Trinity, the doctrine of, 191;
  • symbol of, 212.
  • Triplicate relation of numbers, 190.
  • Tritheism, of Christianity, 190.
  • Truth, what is, 21;
  • eternal, 41;
  • as answer to prayer, 137.
  • Tulan, 175.
  • Valkyria, the, 53.
  • Valhalla, 259.
  • Varuna, an Aryan god, 125.
  • Vendidad, the, 175.
  • Venereal sense, the, 64.
  • Vicarious sacrifice, theory of, 222.
  • Virginity, sacredness of, 69.
  • Virgin Mother, the, 68.
  • Volition, see Will.
  • Voluspa, the, 171.
  • Wabose, Catherine, 146.
  • Water, as the primitive substance, 167.
  • Will, the, 16;
  • of God, 38, 42;
  • as a cause, 90.
  • Wish, the religious, 52;
  • definition of, 79.
  • World, moral government of, 112;
  • creation and changes, 164;
  • light of the, 185.
  • Xisuthrus, 170.
  • Year, the Great, 169.
  • Yima, reign of, 175.
  • Ynglyngasaga, the, 218.
  • Yocauna, a Haitian deity, 68.
  • Zarathustra, 80, 114.
  • Zeruana akerana, 166.
  • Zweckgesetze, 108.