236-1 Essay on the use of Anthropomorphism. Mr. Spencer’s argument, in his own words, is this:—“From the inability under which we labor to conceive of a Deity save as some idealization of ourselves, it inevitably results that in each age, among each people, and to a great extent in each individual, there must arise just that conception of Deity best adapted to the needs of the case.” “All are good for their times and places.” “All were beneficent in their effects on those who held them.” It would be hard to quote from the records of theory-making an example of more complete indifference to acknowledged facts than these quotations set forth.

239-1 De Veritate, p. 216.

241-1 August Neander, Geschichte der Christlichen Religion und Kirche, Bd. i., ss. 160, 346. (Gotha, 1856.) St. Clement’s description of Christ is Τον οψιν αισχρον. Tertullian says: “Nec humanæ honestatis corpus fuit, nedum celestis claritatis.”

243-1 Novalis, Schriften, B. i., s. 244.

244-1 A. Bain, The Senses and the Intellect, p. 607.

245-1 Dr. T. Laycock, On some Organic Laws of Memory, in the Journal of Mental Science, July, 1875, p. 178.

246-1 Speaking of the mission of the artist, Wilhelm von Humboldt says: “Die ganze Natur, treu und vollständig beobachtet, mit sich hinüber zu tragen, d. h. den Stoff seiner Erfahrungen dem Umfange der Welt gleich zu machen, diese ungeheure Masse einzelner und abgerissener Erscheinungen in eine l’ungetrennte Einheit und ein organisirtes Ganzes zu verwandeln; und dies durch alle die Organe zu thun, die ihm hierzu verliehen sind,—ist das letzte Ziel seines intellectuellen Bemühen.” Ueber Goethe’s Hermann und Dorothea, Ab. IV.

246-2 Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie, B. I. s. 48.

247-1 Gesammelte Werke. Bd. VII., s. 63.

249-1 See this forcibly brought out and abundantly illustrated in the work of M. Coulange, La Cité Antique.

249-2 W. von Humboldt, Gesammelte Werke. Bd. VII., p. 72.

250-1 H. L. Liddon, Canon of St. Paul’s. Some Elements of Religion, p. 84.

251-1 The Chevalier Bunsen completed the moral estimate of the one-man-power, thus acknowledged by Machiavelli, in these words: “Alles Grosse geht aus vom Einzelnen, aber nur in dem Masse, als dieser das Ich dem Ganzen opfert.” Gott in der Geschichte, Bd. I., s. 38.

252-1 W. von Humboldt, Ideen zu einem Vorsuch, die Gränzen der Wirksamkeit des Staats zu bestimmen, Breslau, 1851. Auguste Comte, Système de Politique Positive, Paris, 1851-4. The former was written many years before its publication.

256-1 Lectures on Metaphysics, Vol. I., p. 23.

256-2 The Koran, Suras xi., xvi.

258-1 The Myths of the New World, Chap. IX.

259-1 Jacob Grimm quite overlooked this important element in the religion of the ancient Germans. It is ably set forth by Adolf Holtzmann, Deutsche Mythologie, s. 196 sqq. (Leipzig, 1874).

260-1 The seemingly heartless reply he made to one of his disciples, who asked permission to perform the funeral rites at his father’s grave: “Follow me; and let the dead bury their dead,” is an obvious condemnation of one of the most widespread superstitions of the ancient world. So, according to an ingenious suggestion of Lord Herbert of Cherbury, was the fifth commandment of Moses: “Ne parentum seriem tanquam primam aliquam causam suspicerent homines, et proinde cultum aliquem Divinum illis deferrent, qualem ex honore parentum sperare liceat benedictionem, docuit.” De Veritate, p. 231.

Herbert Spencer in his Essay on the Origin of Animal Worship, calls ancestral worship “the universal first form of religious belief.” This is very far from correct, but it is easy to see how a hasty thinker would be led into the error by the prominence of the ancient funereal ceremonies.

262-1 Dhammapada, 21.

263-1 La Vie Eternelle, p. 339.

264-1 The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. I., ch. XV.

264-2 Address to the Clergy, p. 16.

267-1 “Toute religion, qu’on se permet de défendre comme une croyance qu’il est utile de laisser au peuple, ne peut plus espérer qu’une agonie plus ou moins prolongée.” Condorcet, De l’Esprit Humain, Ep. V.

274-1 Romans, ch. ix., v. 3.

274-2 “Beata quippe vita est gaudium de veritate.” Augustini Confessionum, Lib. x., caps. xxii., xxiii.

275-1 “Prudens amator non tam donum amantis considerat, quam dantis amorem. Nobilis amator non quiescit in dono, sed in me super omne donum.” De Imitatione Christi, Lib. iii., cap. vi.

277-1 Fifteen Sermons by Joseph Butler, Lord Bishop of Durham. Sermon “On the love of God.”

277-2 Unterhaltungen, p. 131.

INDICES.

I. AUTHORS QUOTED.

II. SUBJECTS.