The roman numbers refer to the pages, and italicised numbers to the figures
- A
- Absorption by roots, 33, 21, 22
- Adventitious roots, 56, 40, 57, 41
- Alcohol, 24
- Algæ, 141
- Algæ in ditches, 151
- Algæ in the sea, 143, 134, 173
- Ampelopsis, 108, 105
- Animals eaten by plants, 114
- Animals, life of, 3, 7
- Anther, 80, 81
- Assimilation (see Food building)
- Associations of plants, 152, 189
- Axil of leaf, 75, 66
- B
- Bacteria, 144
- Bean seeds, 8, 3, 9, 4
- Bean seedlings, 10, 6, 11, 7
- Bean seedlings grown in dark, 38, 27
- Bean seedlings, growth of, 41, 28
- Beech leaf, 65
- Bees and flowers, 119
- Bidens, fruits of, 90, 87
- Bilberry, 154
- Bladderwort, 116, 113, 114
- Bladderwrack, 144, 135, 173, Pl. VII.
- Bog-land, 156
- Bracken fern, 133, Pl. I.
- Bramble, 63, 49
- Bread, starch in, 11
- Breathing of animals, 6, 2
- Breathing of plants, 5, 1, 96
- Breathing pores, 96, 96
- Broom, 62
- Broomrape, 113, 109
- Buds, 72
- Buds of fern, 134, 127
- Buds of horse chestnut, 72, 62, 63
- Buds, overlapping scales of, 73, 63, 64
- Bud scales, 74, 65
- Bud scars, 75, 66
- Buds of sycamore, 75, 66
- Buds, unfolding of, 72, 62
- Bulbs, 77, 68
- Bulrushes, 151, 138
- Bulrushes, rhizome of, 161, 143
- Bur, fruit of, 90, 86
- Buttercup, flower of, 82, 76
- Buttercup, water-, 159, 141
- Butterwort, 115, 112
- C
- Cactus, 2, 62, 48, 99
- Calcium phosphate, 15
- Calcium sulphate, 15
- Calyx, 79, 70
- Canadian water-plant, 21, 13
- Capsule of moss, 139, 131
- Capsule of poppy, 89, 85
- Carbon, 19, 23
- Carbonic acid gas, 6, 19, 24, 27
- Carex, 166, 146
- Carpel, 82, 76, 77, 78
- Carrot, 55, 38
- Caustic potash, 20, 12
- Cells, 92, 91
- Cherry flower, 82, 78
- Cherry fruit, 88, 82
- Cherry leaf, 64, 50
- Cherry leaf arrangement, 69, 58
- Cherry stipules, 64, 50
- Chlorophyll, 17, 24, 27
- Circulation of water, 28
- Climbing plants, 104
- Climbing assisted by roots, 106, 101
- Climbing by tendrils, 107, 104, 108, 105
- Climbing by twining stem, 106, 102, 107, 103
- Clover attacked by dodder, 110, 106, 107
- Club-moss, 137
- Coal, 153, 178
- Collecting, 194
- Colour of petals, 80
- Cones of pine, 127, 128, 123
- “Control plant,” 16
- Convolvulus, twining of, 106, 102
- Cork, 95
- Cornflower, 121, 122
- Cotyledons of bean, 9, 4
- Cotyledons of pine, 129, 130, 126
- Cotyledons of rose, 66, 54
- Cow-wheat, 113
- D
- Dahlia, roots of, 56, 39
- Daisy, flower of, 121, 121
- Dandelion, fruit of, 88, 83
- Darkness, effect on growth of, 38, 27
- Dead nettle, 68, 56, 149, 137
- Deserts, 100
- Dicotyledons, 126
- Distilled water, 15
- Ditches, 150
- Dodder, 110, 106, 107
- Downs, 183
- Duckweed, 151, 139, 161
- Drowning, of trees, 185, 154, 155
- E
- Elder tree, twig of, 96, 96
- Elodea, 21, 13
- Embryo, 9
- Excursions, 194
- Eyebright, 113
- F
- Ferns, bud of, 134, 127
- Ferns, family of, 133
- Ferns, fossil, 179, 152, 181
- Ferns, prothallium of, 135, 129
- Ferns, spore-cases of, 135, 128
- Ferns, “sporeling” of, 136
- Flowers, 78
- Flowers in relation to insects, 118
- Flowering family, 125
- Food-building in leaves, 23
- Food materials, 14, 18
- Food solutions, 15
- Fossils, 179, 151
- Fossils, tree, 180, 153
- Foxglove flower, 119, 117
- Foxglove in hedges, 146, Pl. IV.
- Fruits, 86
- Fucus, (see also Bladderwrack), 173, Pl. VII.
- Fungi, 109
- Fungi, spores of, 143
- Fungi, structure of, 142, 133
- G
- Goose-grass, leaves of, 69, 60
- Goose-grass, fruit of, 90, 87
- Gorse, 102, 99
- Gorse, flowers of, 119, 119
- Grass, leaves of 66
- Grass, roots of, 54, 37
- Gravitation, 44
- Growth, 40
- Growth, direction of, 41, 29, 43, 30
- Growth, region of, 40, 28
- H
- Hairs, 96
- Harebell, 78, 69
- Heather, 154
- Hedges, 147, Pl. IV.
- Holly, 54, 36
- Honeysuckle, leaves of, 68, 57
- Hop, 106
- Horse chestnut, buds of, 72, 62
- Horsetail, leaves of, 69, 59
- Horsetail, family of, 137
- I
- Indiarubber tree, leaves of, 31, 20
- Insects and flowers, 83
- Iodine, 11
- Iron chloride, 16
- Iron, importance of, 17
- Ivy, adventitious roots of, 56, 40
- Ivy, climbing of, 106, 101
- Ivy as host plant, 112, 109
- Ivy, leaves of, 65
- Ivy, position of leaves of, 37, 26
- L
- Lake or pond-maps, 193
- Lamina of leaf, 64, 50
- Laminarias, 175, 149
- Larch, branching of, 59, 44
- Larch, family of, 127
- Larch, seed-scales of, 128, 124
- Larch, tufts of leaves of, 76, 67
- Leaves, 64
- Leaves, arrangement as regards light, 36, 25, 37, 26
- Leaves, arrangement on stem, 68
- Leaves, compound, 65, 51
- Leaves, form of, 64, 50
- Leaves, “Mosaic,” 37
- Leaves, no growth without CO2, 20
- Leaves, simple, 64, 50
- Leaves, veins of, 67, 55
- Lenticels of, 96, 96
- Life, signs of, 4
- Light, 35
- Light from one side, 35, 23, 36, 24
- Light, influence on position of leaves, 36, 24, 25
- Light, influence on size of leaves, 38, 27
- Light, influence of, in formation of starch in leaves, 24
- Lime-tree, stem of, 94, 95
- Lime-water, 6, 2, 20, 12
- Linear leaves, 66
- Liverworts, 140, 132
- Louse-wort, 113
- M
- Magnesium sulphate, 15
- Maize, seeds of, 10, 5
- Maize, seedlings of, 10, 5, 13, 8
- Maps of plants, 188
- Marram grass (see Sandgrass), 166, 145
- Mistletoe, 112, 108
- Monkshood, 119, 118
- Monocotyledons, 126
- Moorland, 153, 140, 184
- Moss, 138, 130
- Moss in bogs, 156
- Moss, capsule of, 139, 131
- Moss, spores of, 140
- Movement caused by light, 36, 24
- Movement of minute plants, 48
- Movement of sensitive plants, 46, 33, 34, 35
- Movement of plants in sleep, 46, 32
- Movement of tendrils, 45, 31
- N
- Nasturtium, movement of leaves, 36, 24
- Nasturtium, shape of leaves, 65, 52
- Nasturtium, twining of petioles, 106, 103
- Needle leaves, 66, 53
- Nepenthes, 117, 115
- Nitrogen, 19
- Nucleus of cells, 92, 91
- Nurse leaves (see Cotyledons)
- O
- Oak, branching of, 59, 43
- Orchid, roots of, 57, 41
- Ovate leaves, 65
- Oxygen, 19, 21, 13, 22
- P
- Palm, 57, 42
- Palmate leaves, 66
- Parasites, 109
- Pea-flowers, 86, 80
- Pea-fruits, 87, 81
- Pea-pod (see Pod)
- Pea-tendrils on leaf, 107, 104
- Pea-tendrils, movement of, 45, 31
- Peat, 155, 179
- Peltate leaves, 65, 52
- Petals, 80, 121, 121, 122
- Petiole, 64, 50
- Petiole, twining of, 107, 103
- Physical geography, 182
- Pine-cones, 128, 123
- Pine-family, 127
- Pine-leaf, 66, 53
- Pine-seeds, 129, 125
- Pine-seedlings, 129, 126
- Pitcher plants, 117, 115
- Plantation of trees, 155
- Pod of pea, 87, 81
- Pollen, 81, 120, 127
- Pollination, 83, 118
- Pollination, arrangements to ensure cross-, 120, 120
- Pond-maps, see Lake
- Ponds, 159, Pl. V. 185, 154, 155
- Poppy, Pl. II.
- Poppy capsule, 89, 85
- Pores giving off water vapour, 31
- Pores in stems, 96
- Potassium iodide, 11
- Potassium nitrate, 15
- Potato, starch in, 11
- Potato, underground stem of, 61, 47
- Primrose flower, 80, 72, 84, 79, 120, 120
- Prothallium, 135, 129, 139
- R
- Receptacle of flower, 82, 76, 78
- Reeds, 162, 144
- Rhizome, 61, 46, 161, 143
- Rice, starch in, 11
- Roots, adventitious, 56, 40, 57, 41
- Roots, entrance of water into, 33, 21, 22
- Roots, forms of, 54
- Root-hairs, 13, 8, 15, 9
- Root pressure, 34
- Roots of seedlings, 9
- Roots, stilt-, 57, 42
- Roots, storage in, 55, 38, 56, 39
- Roots, uses of, 53
- Rose, flowers of, 79, 70, 71, 118, 116
- Rose-leaf, 65, 51
- Rose-seedling, 66, 54
- Runners of strawberries, 63
- Rushes, 162, 144
- S
- Salts, 14, 17, 27
- Sandgrass (see Marram), 102, 100, 165, 145
- Sea, 174
- Sea holly, 168, 147
- Seaweeds, 143, 134, 135, 173
- Seaweeds, colour in, 176
- Section of pond, 192, 154
- Section of stems, 93, 92
- Seedlings, bean, 10, 6, 40, 28, 29
- Seedlings, grass, 35, 23
- Seedlings, maize, 10, 5, 13, 8
- Seedlings, pine, 129, 126
- Seedlings, rose, 66, 54
- Seeds, 86, 125
- Seeds, bean, 8, 3, 9, 4, 10, 6, 91, 89
- Seeds, dodder, 111
- Seeds, larch, 128, 124
- Seeds, maize, 9, 5, 91, 90
- Seeds, mistletoe, 112
- Seeds, pine, 129, 125
- Sensitive Plant, 47, 33, 34, 35
- Sepals, 78, 69
- Shore, 165, Pl. VI., 176, 150
- Skin of leaf, 95
- Skin of seed, 9, 3
- Sleep of plants, 46, 32
- Sodium chloride, 15
- Solomon’s Seal, 61, 46
- Speedwell, 80, 73
- Spines of cactus, 62, 99, 97
- Spines of gorse, 102, 99
- Spores, 135, 139, 140, 142
- Stamens, 80, 72, 73, 81, 74
- Starch, 11, 12, 21, 23
- Starch formed in leaves by sunlight, 24
- Starch stained by iodine, 11
- Starch stored underground, 26
- Stellaria, 59, 45
- Stems, 58
- Stems bending again to earth, 63, 49
- Stems, branching of, 59
- Stems, breathing pores in, 94, 96, 96
- Stems, fleshy, 62, 48
- Stems, sections of, 93, 92
- Stems, twining, 106, 102, 110, 106
- Stems, underground, 61, 46, 47
- Stigma, 83
- Stipules, 64, 50, 51
- Stone-crop, 102, 98
- Strawberry fruit, 90, 88
- Strawberry runners, 63
- Sundew, 114, 110, 115, 111
- Sunflower, 1, 2
- Sunflower stem, 94, 93, 94
- Sunlight, oxygen given off in, 21, 13
- Sunlight helps to form starch in leaves, 25
- Sweet pea flower, 86, 80
- Sweet pea fruit, 87, 81
- Sweet pea leaf and tendrils, 45, 31, 70, 61
- Sweet pea seed, 87, 81
- Sycamore, buds of, 75, 66
- T
- Tendrils, movement of, 45, 31
- Tendrils part of leaf, 70, 71
- Tendrils assist climbing, 107, 104, 108, 105
- Tissues, 93
- Toadflax, 148, 136
- Toadstool, 142, 133
- Transpiration, 31
- Traveller’s Joy, 147
- Tree ferns, 133, Pl. III.
- Tubers, 61, 47
- Tulip bulb, 77, 68
- Tulip carpels, 82, 77
- Tulip flower, 81, 75
- Tulip stamens, 81, 74
- V
- Variegated leaves, 26, 16
- Veins of leaf, 67, 55, 95
- Vine, 33
- Violet, 84, 79, 119, 118
- W
- Water, 12, 13
- Water, circulation of, in plant, 28, 34
- Water, entry into plant by roots, 33, 21, 22
- Water given off by leaves, 28, 17, 30, 18, 19, 20
- Water, protection against loss of, 99
- Water stream in plants, 28, 34
- Water vapour, 28, 17, 31
- Water buttercup, 159, 141
- Water-lily leaves, 160
- Water-lily, section of stem of, 93, 92
- “Water-pipe” cells, 94, 97
- Whorls of leaves, 69, 59
- Whortleberry, 62
- Willow herb, 89, 84
- Wind, 154
- Wood-sorrel, sleep of, 46, 32