INDEX
The roman numbers refer to the pages, and italicised numbers to the figures
A
Absorption by roots,
33
,
21
,
22
Adventitious roots,
56
,
40
,
57
,
41
Alcohol,
24
Algæ,
141
Algæ in ditches,
151
Algæ in the sea,
143
,
134
,
173
Ampelopsis,
108
,
105
Animals eaten by plants,
114
Animals, life of,
3
,
7
Anther,
80
,
81
Assimilation (
see
Food building
)
Associations of plants,
152
,
189
Axil of leaf,
75
,
66
B
Bacteria,
144
Bean seeds,
8
,
3
,
9
,
4
Bean seedlings,
10
,
6
,
11
,
7
Bean seedlings grown in dark,
38
,
27
Bean seedlings, growth of,
41
,
28
Beech leaf,
65
Bees and flowers,
119
Bidens, fruits of,
90
,
87
Bilberry,
154
Bladderwort,
116
,
113
,
114
Bladderwrack,
144
,
135
,
173
,
Pl. VII.
Bog-land,
156
Bracken fern,
133
,
Pl. I.
Bramble,
63
,
49
Bread, starch in,
11
Breathing of animals,
6
,
2
Breathing of plants,
5
,
1
,
96
Breathing pores,
96
,
96
Broom,
62
Broomrape,
113
,
109
Buds,
72
Buds of fern,
134
,
127
Buds of horse chestnut,
72
,
62
,
63
Buds, overlapping scales of,
73
,
63
,
64
Bud scales,
74
,
65
Bud scars,
75
,
66
Buds of sycamore,
75
,
66
Buds, unfolding of,
72
,
62
Bulbs,
77
,
68
Bulrushes,
151
,
138
Bulrushes, rhizome of,
161
,
143
Bur, fruit of,
90
,
86
Buttercup, flower of,
82
,
76
Buttercup, water-,
159
,
141
Butterwort,
115
,
112
C
Cactus,
2
,
62
,
48
,
99
Calcium phosphate,
15
Calcium sulphate,
15
Calyx,
79
,
70
Canadian water-plant,
21
,
13
Capsule of moss,
139
,
131
Capsule of poppy,
89
,
85
Carbon,
19
,
23
Carbonic acid gas,
6
,
19
,
24
,
27
Carex,
166
,
146
Carpel,
82
,
76
,
77
,
78
Carrot,
55
,
38
Caustic potash,
20
,
12
Cells,
92
,
91
Cherry flower,
82
,
78
Cherry fruit,
88
,
82
Cherry leaf,
64
,
50
Cherry leaf arrangement,
69
,
58
Cherry stipules,
64
,
50
Chlorophyll,
17
,
24
,
27
Circulation of water,
28
Climbing plants,
104
Climbing assisted by roots,
106
,
101
Climbing by tendrils,
107
,
104
,
108
,
105
Climbing by twining stem,
106
,
102
,
107
,
103
Clover attacked by dodder,
110
,
106
,
107
Club-moss,
137
Coal,
153
,
178
Collecting,
194
Colour of petals,
80
Cones of pine,
127
,
128
,
123
“Control plant,”
16
Convolvulus, twining of,
106
,
102
Cork,
95
Cornflower,
121
,
122
Cotyledons of bean,
9
,
4
Cotyledons of pine,
129
,
130
,
126
Cotyledons of rose,
66
,
54
Cow-wheat,
113
D
Dahlia, roots of,
56
,
39
Daisy, flower of,
121
,
121
Dandelion, fruit of,
88
,
83
Darkness, effect on growth of,
38
,
27
Dead nettle,
68
,
56
,
149
,
137
Deserts,
100
Dicotyledons,
126
Distilled water,
15
Ditches,
150
Dodder,
110
,
106
,
107
Downs,
183
Duckweed,
151
,
139
,
161
Drowning, of trees,
185
,
154
,
155
E
Elder tree, twig of,
96
,
96
Elodea,
21
,
13
Embryo,
9
Excursions,
194
Eyebright,
113
F
Ferns, bud of,
134
,
127
Ferns, family of,
133
Ferns, fossil,
179
,
152
,
181
Ferns, prothallium of,
135
,
129
Ferns, spore-cases of,
135
,
128
Ferns, “sporeling” of,
136
Flowers,
78
Flowers in relation to insects,
118
Flowering family,
125
Food-building in leaves,
23
Food materials,
14
,
18
Food solutions,
15
Fossils,
179
,
151
Fossils, tree,
180
,
153
Foxglove flower,
119
,
117
Foxglove in hedges,
146
,
Pl. IV.
Fruits,
86
Fucus, (
see also
Bladderwrack
),
173
,
Pl. VII.
Fungi,
109
Fungi, spores of,
143
Fungi, structure of,
142
,
133
G
Goose-grass, leaves of,
69
,
60
Goose-grass, fruit of,
90
,
87
Gorse,
102
,
99
Gorse, flowers of,
119
,
119
Grass, leaves of
66
Grass, roots of,
54
,
37
Gravitation,
44
Growth,
40
Growth, direction of,
41
,
29
,
43
,
30
Growth, region of,
40
,
28
H
Hairs,
96
Harebell,
78
,
69
Heather,
154
Hedges,
147
,
Pl. IV.
Holly,
54
,
36
Honeysuckle, leaves of,
68
,
57
Hop,
106
Horse chestnut, buds of,
72
,
62
Horsetail, leaves of,
69
,
59
Horsetail, family of,
137
I
Indiarubber tree, leaves of,
31
,
20
Insects and flowers,
83
Iodine,
11
Iron chloride,
16
Iron, importance of,
17
Ivy, adventitious roots of,
56
,
40
Ivy, climbing of,
106
,
101
Ivy as host plant,
112
,
109
Ivy, leaves of,
65
Ivy, position of leaves of,
37
,
26
L
Lake or pond-maps,
193
Lamina of leaf,
64
,
50
Laminarias,
175
,
149
Larch, branching of,
59
,
44
Larch, family of,
127
Larch, seed-scales of,
128
,
124
Larch, tufts of leaves of,
76
,
67
Leaves,
64
Leaves, arrangement as regards light,
36
,
25
,
37
,
26
Leaves, arrangement on stem,
68
Leaves, compound,
65
,
51
Leaves, form of,
64
,
50
Leaves, “Mosaic,”
37
Leaves, no growth without CO
2
,
20
Leaves, simple,
64
,
50
Leaves, veins of,
67
,
55
Lenticels of,
96
,
96
Life, signs of,
4
Light,
35
Light from one side,
35
,
23
,
36
,
24
Light, influence on position of leaves,
36
,
24
,
25
Light, influence on size of leaves,
38
,
27
Light, influence of, in formation of starch in leaves,
24
Lime-tree, stem of,
94
,
95
Lime-water,
6
,
2
,
20
,
12
Linear leaves,
66
Liverworts,
140
,
132
Louse-wort,
113
M
Magnesium sulphate,
15
Maize, seeds of,
10
,
5
Maize, seedlings of,
10
,
5
,
13
,
8
Maps of plants,
188
Marram grass (
see
Sandgrass
),
166
,
145
Mistletoe,
112
,
108
Monkshood,
119
,
118
Monocotyledons,
126
Moorland,
153
,
140
,
184
Moss,
138
,
130
Moss in bogs,
156
Moss, capsule of,
139
,
131
Moss, spores of,
140
Movement caused by light,
36
,
24
Movement of minute plants,
48
Movement of sensitive plants,
46
,
33
,
34
,
35
Movement of plants in sleep,
46
,
32
Movement of tendrils,
45
,
31
N
Nasturtium, movement of leaves,
36
,
24
Nasturtium, shape of leaves,
65
,
52
Nasturtium, twining of petioles,
106
,
103
Needle leaves,
66
,
53
Nepenthes,
117
,
115
Nitrogen,
19
Nucleus of cells,
92
,
91
Nurse leaves (
see
Cotyledons
)
O
Oak, branching of,
59
,
43
Orchid, roots of,
57
,
41
Ovate leaves,
65
Oxygen,
19
,
21
,
13
,
22
P
Palm,
57
,
42
Palmate leaves,
66
Parasites,
109
Pea-flowers,
86
,
80
Pea-fruits,
87
,
81
Pea-pod (
see
Pod
)
Pea-tendrils on leaf,
107
,
104
Pea-tendrils, movement of,
45
,
31
Peat,
155
,
179
Peltate leaves,
65
,
52
Petals,
80
,
121
,
121
,
122
Petiole,
64
,
50
Petiole, twining of,
107
,
103
Physical geography,
182
Pine-cones,
128
,
123
Pine-family,
127
Pine-leaf,
66
,
53
Pine-seeds,
129
,
125
Pine-seedlings,
129
,
126
Pitcher plants,
117
,
115
Plantation of trees,
155
Pod of pea,
87
,
81
Pollen,
81
,
120
,
127
Pollination,
83
,
118
Pollination, arrangements to ensure cross-,
120
,
120
Pond-maps,
see
Lake
Ponds,
159
,
Pl. V.
185
,
154
,
155
Poppy,
Pl. II.
Poppy capsule,
89
,
85
Pores giving off water vapour,
31
Pores in stems,
96
Potassium iodide,
11
Potassium nitrate,
15
Potato, starch in,
11
Potato, underground stem of,
61
,
47
Primrose flower,
80
,
72
,
84
,
79
,
120
,
120
Prothallium,
135
,
129
,
139
R
Receptacle of flower,
82
,
76
,
78
Reeds,
162
,
144
Rhizome,
61
,
46
,
161
,
143
Rice, starch in,
11
Roots, adventitious,
56
,
40
,
57
,
41
Roots, entrance of water into,
33
,
21
,
22
Roots, forms of,
54
Root-hairs,
13
,
8
,
15
,
9
Root pressure,
34
Roots of seedlings,
9
Roots, stilt-,
57
,
42
Roots, storage in,
55
,
38
,
56
,
39
Roots, uses of,
53
Rose, flowers of,
79
,
70
,
71
,
118
,
116
Rose-leaf,
65
,
51
Rose-seedling,
66
,
54
Runners of strawberries,
63
Rushes,
162
,
144
S
Salts,
14
,
17
,
27
Sandgrass (
see
Marram
),
102
,
100
,
165
,
145
Sea,
174
Sea holly,
168
,
147
Seaweeds,
143
,
134
,
135
,
173
Seaweeds, colour in,
176
Section of pond,
192
,
154
Section of stems,
93
,
92
Seedlings, bean,
10
,
6
,
40
,
28
,
29
Seedlings, grass,
35
,
23
Seedlings, maize,
10
,
5
,
13
,
8
Seedlings, pine,
129
,
126
Seedlings, rose,
66
,
54
Seeds,
86
,
125
Seeds, bean,
8
,
3
,
9
,
4
,
10
,
6
,
91
,
89
Seeds, dodder,
111
Seeds, larch,
128
,
124
Seeds, maize,
9
,
5
,
91
,
90
Seeds, mistletoe,
112
Seeds, pine,
129
,
125
Sensitive Plant,
47
,
33
,
34
,
35
Sepals,
78
,
69
Shore,
165
,
Pl. VI.
,
176
,
150
Skin of leaf,
95
Skin of seed,
9
,
3
Sleep of plants,
46
,
32
Sodium chloride,
15
Solomon’s Seal,
61
,
46
Speedwell,
80
,
73
Spines of cactus,
62
,
99
,
97
Spines of gorse,
102
,
99
Spores,
135
,
139
,
140
,
142
Stamens,
80
,
72
,
73
,
81
,
74
Starch,
11
,
12
,
21
,
23
Starch formed in leaves by sunlight,
24
Starch stained by iodine,
11
Starch stored underground,
26
Stellaria,
59
,
45
Stems,
58
Stems bending again to earth,
63
,
49
Stems, branching of,
59
Stems, breathing pores in,
94
,
96
,
96
Stems, fleshy,
62
,
48
Stems, sections of,
93
,
92
Stems, twining,
106
,
102
,
110
,
106
Stems, underground,
61
,
46
,
47
Stigma,
83
Stipules,
64
,
50
,
51
Stone-crop,
102
,
98
Strawberry fruit,
90
,
88
Strawberry runners,
63
Sundew,
114
,
110
,
115
,
111
Sunflower,
1
,
2
Sunflower stem,
94
,
93
,
94
Sunlight, oxygen given off in,
21
,
13
Sunlight helps to form starch in leaves,
25
Sweet pea flower,
86
,
80
Sweet pea fruit,
87
,
81
Sweet pea leaf and tendrils,
45
,
31
,
70
,
61
Sweet pea seed,
87
,
81
Sycamore, buds of,
75
,
66
T
Tendrils, movement of,
45
,
31
Tendrils part of leaf,
70
,
71
Tendrils assist climbing,
107
,
104
,
108
,
105
Tissues,
93
Toadflax,
148
,
136
Toadstool,
142
,
133
Transpiration,
31
Traveller’s Joy,
147
Tree ferns,
133
,
Pl. III.
Tubers,
61
,
47
Tulip bulb,
77
,
68
Tulip carpels,
82
,
77
Tulip flower,
81
,
75
Tulip stamens,
81
,
74
V
Variegated leaves,
26
,
16
Veins of leaf,
67
,
55
,
95
Vine,
33
Violet,
84
,
79
,
119
,
118
W
Water,
12
,
13
Water, circulation of, in plant,
28
,
34
Water, entry into plant by roots,
33
,
21
,
22
Water given off by leaves,
28
,
17
,
30
,
18
,
19
,
20
Water, protection against loss of,
99
Water stream in plants,
28
,
34
Water vapour,
28
,
17
,
31
Water buttercup,
159
,
141
Water-lily leaves,
160
Water-lily, section of stem of,
93
,
92
“Water-pipe” cells,
94
,
97
Whorls of leaves,
69
,
59
Whortleberry,
62
Willow herb,
89
,
84
Wind,
154
Wood-sorrel, sleep of,
46
,
32