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The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri: or, Memoirs of Jahangir (Volume 1 of 2)

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About This Book

The memoirs present an episodic, first-person chronicle of an early seventeenth-century imperial reign, blending official reports, campaign narratives, and intimate personal reflections. Entries alternate between accounts of court politics and administration, vivid portraits of contemporaries, and appreciative descriptions of nature, gardens, and art. The narrator records judicial actions and harsh punishments alongside moments of compassion and cultured pursuits, producing a candid and sometimes contradictory self-portrait. The volume covers the opening years of rule and contains material that was later continued and abridged by other hands, yielding both documentary detail and anecdotal richness about life at the imperial court.

N

Nād ʿAlī Maidānī, 198;
promoted, 303, 317;
offerings, 321 (the entry here should be dāna kis͟h, marten-skins);
death, 348.

Nagīna garden, Ahmadabad, 435.

Najību-n-nisā or Fak͟hru-n-nisā, sister of Muḥammad Ḥakīm and aunt of Jahāngīr, death of, 144.

Nakodar, 135, 136 and n. 1.

Nandanah, red deer of, 129.
See I.G., xviii, 349.

Nannū or Nabū, styled Muz̤affar K͟hān, 429.

Naqīb K͟hān, of Qazwīn, son of ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, original name G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, death of, 264;
buried beside his wife, 265.

Naryād, parganah in Gujarat, 415.

Nāṣiru-d-dīn, K͟haljī, buildings made by, 354;
evil behaviour, 365–7, 408, 409.

Naṣru-llah, given rank of 700 with 400 horse, 153.

Nathu Māl, Rāja of Manjholi, 79 and n. 4;
promoted, 296.

Nauras, musical compositions of ʿĀdil K͟hān, 272 and n. 1.

Naus͟hahr, fort on the Kāma, 102.

Nawāzis͟h K͟hān, title of Saʿdu-llah, son of Saʿīd K͟hān, 197;
promoted, 237, 444;
leave to depart, 287, 443.

Naz̤ar-jīvī, brought Akbar news of Humāyūn’s death, 38 (‘jīvī’ should be ‘chūlī’).

Naz̤īrī of Nīshāpūr, poet, 188 (Rieu, ii. 817b).

New Year Feasts, 48, 85, 138, 154, 165, 191, 206, 235, 259, 280, 317, 370.

News-writers, 247.

Nīlāb, river (Indus), 101.

Nīlgaw, Jahāngīr’s cruelty in connection with hunt of, 164;
incident about shooting one, 189.

Niʿmatu-llah, married to Jānish Begam, sister of T̤ahmāsp, 131.

Niz̤ām, Humāyūn’s librarian, 21.

Niz̤ām, K͟hwāja, brings pomegranates, 391.

Niz̤ām, of Shiraz, story-teller, receives 3,000 rupees, 77.

Niz̤ām Thaneswari, dismissed to Mecca, 60.

Niz̤āmu-d-dīn, historian, 420.

Niz̤āmu-d-dīn Auliyā, saint, 169.

Niz̤āmu-d-dīn K͟hān, 311;
promoted, 320.

Nūr-bak͟ht elephant, 396, 410, 418.

Nūr Gaj, name of elephant and its description, 47

Nūr-Jahān, 192 note;
name first mentioned in Tūzuk, 266;
makes presents to Karan, 278;
name changed from Nūr-maḥall to Nūr-Jahān, 319;
Rāmsar belongs to, 342;
shoots a bird, 348;
shoots four tigers, 375;
given parganah of Ṭoḍā, 380;
gives a feast, 385;
entertains S͟hāh Jahān, 397;
receives presents from S͟hāh Jahān, 401.

Nūr-nāma, poem, 222.

Nūru-d-dīn, son of G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn ʿAlī Āṣaf-K͟hān (No. ii), plots with K͟husrau and is put to death, 122–3.

Nūru-d-dīn Jahāngīr Pāds͟hāh, title assumed, 3.

Nūru-d-dīn Muḥammad, Naqs͟hbandī, father of Salīma Sult̤ān Begam, 232.

Nūru-d-dīn Qulī, promoted, 418.

O

Oranges, 423.

Orders about fiefs, 23;
about compensation to peasants for damage to crops, 163, 182;
about Amīrs, 205.

P

Pahāṛ, son of G͟haznīn K͟hān, matricide, put to death, 353.

Pahārī, see Murād S͟hāh.

Pahluwān Bahāʾu-d-dīn, 445.

Palās-tree, 97.

Pāmpūr, village in Kashmir, famous for saffron, 92.

Pandanus, see Keoṛā and Ketkī.

Pandits, religious discussion with, 32, 33.

Panipat, battles at, 39, 58.

Pargāla, fargul (kind of garment), 247 and note, 252.
See 182, 203.

Parwīz, Sultan, son of Jahāngīr, sent against Rānā, 16;
used to keep Jahāngīr’s seal, 18;
birth of, 18–19 and n. 1;
directions to, 26;
report from about Rānā, ordered to Agra, 70;
joins Jahāngīr, 73, 74;
given sword, 75;
130,000 rupees sent as marriage present for Murād S͟hāh’s daughter, betrothed to Parwīz, 78;
solar weighing of, 81;
sent to Deccan, 156;
ruby worth 60,000 rupees given to, 156;
K͟handesh, Berar, and Āsīr, given to, 157;
pearl rosary given to, 157;
unsatisfactory results, 161;
tak͟htī sent to, 171;
failure of, 183;
son born to, 279;
offering of, 310.

Patā, properly Tapā, a Sewra sect, 437.
See Addenda.

Pathān Miṣr, 1,000 rupees given to, 160.

Patr Dās, styled Rāy Rāyān, receives title of Raja Bikramājīt and made Master of Ordnance, 22;
appointed to Gujarat, 50;
honoured, 284.

Pāyanda K͟hān Moghul, to receive a jagir, 143;
death, 294.

Peaches, 116, 118.

Pes͟h Bulāg͟h, fort, 105, 263.

Phūl kaṭāra, what is it, 230 and note.

Pīm Bahādur, killed, 50.

Pineapples, 5.

Pīr, S͟haik͟h, built mosque at Mairtha, 241 (see also Addenda);
given 1,000 rupees, 346.

Pīr K͟hān, see K͟hān Jahān Lodī.

Pīs͟hrau K͟hān, styled Mihtar Saʿādat, 50;
came from Persia with Humāyūn, 50;
death, 149–50.

Pitlād, parganah in Gujarat, 415.

Plague, outbreak of, in Panjab, 330;
in Kashmir, 442.

Plantains (bananas), wild, at Māndū, 383, 386–7;
golden plantains (sōna-kela), 397.

Poplar, white, 7.

Portuguese Viceroy, defeat of, 274.

Price, Major, quoted, 15 n. 2;
23 n. 1 and passim.

Prithī Chand, son of Rāy Manohar, promoted, 328.

Prosperity, four causes of, 235.

Pushkar, lake and temples, 254;
Jahāngīr visits, 264.

Pūn Pūn, fight on bank of, 175.

Q

Qabūlah, town in Bet-Jālandhar Dūāb, 160.

Qadam, Afghan, deserts, 321.

Qamargāh (ring-hunt), 120, 125, 129, 203–4.

Qandahar, in Afghanistan, 70, 86, etc.;
in Deccan, 179.

Qarā K͟hān Turkmān promoted, 17.

Qarācha K͟hān, Amīr of Humāyūn, 112.

Qāsim, K͟hwāja, came from Transoxiana and waited on Jahāngīr and given 12,000 rupees, 241.

Qāsim ʾAlī, styled Dayānat K͟hān, 123.
See Dayānat.

Qāsim K͟hān, disagrees with his brother Islām, sent for, 148;
promoted, 176, 177;
gets present, 298;
sends elephant, 300;
dress of honour sent to, 303;
promoted, 306;
dismissed, 373.

Qāsim K͟hān, Muḥammad, servant of Akbar, 233.

Qilīj (should be Qulīj) K͟hān, appointed to Gujarat, and given a lakh of rupees, 21;
recalled to Court, 50;
ordered a fief, 84;
buries Ḥakīm Muz̤affar, 125;
governor of Lahore, 135;
promoted to 6,000 with 5,000 horse, sent to Kabul, 198–9;
quarrels with Amirs, 230–1;
death of, 253; 279.

Qirān-i-naḥsīn (unlucky conjunction of planets), 172.

Qizilbās͟h K͟hān disgraced, 289.

Qut̤b personates K͟husrau at Patna, 173.

Qut̤b ʿĀlam, father of S͟hāh ʿĀlam, 421;
his shrine, 436.

Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka, given dagger worth 6,000 rupees, 77;
promoted and appointed to Bengal, 78;
mother dies, 84–5;
killed by S͟hīr-afgan at Bardwan, 113.

Qut̤bu-d-dīn Muḥammad, maker of Kānkriya tank, 420.

Qut̤bu-d-dīn Muḥammad K͟hān killed at Baroda, 431.

Qut̤bu-l-mulk, king of Golconda, 433.

R

Racing, horse, at Kabul, 110.

Rāe bel (flower), 6 and n. 2.

Rāgho Dās Kachhwāha killed at Ahmadabad battle, 43.

Raḥman-dād, younger son of Khankhanan, given suitable mansab, 222.

Railings in the public audience hall, construction of, 242.

Rājmahendra, Raja of, 433.

Rājū, Sikh, put to death, 73.

Rākhī (bracelet), custom of wearing, 244.

Rām Chand, Bandīlah, capture of, 82;
released, 87;
Jahāngīr marries his daughter, 160.

Rām Dās Kachhwāha, promoted to rank of 3,000, 21, 29;
to receive fief, 128;
at tiger-hunt, 186;
sent to accompany ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, 201–2;
given Ranthanbūr, 202;
advice unheeded, 220;
sent to adjust disputes between Qilīj and Amirs, given horse, robes, and 30,000 rupees for expenses, 233;
reported death of, 252;
made Raja, 379;
promoted, 418.

Rāmsar in Ajmir, 342.

Rānā Amar Singh, 249.
See Amar Singh.

Rang, kind of goat (ibex), description of, 109, 122.

Rankatta, village, 139 and n. 1.

Ras͟hīd K͟hān, 402.

Ratan, son of Bhoj-hāra, waits on Jahāngīr and presents valuable elephants, given title of Sarbuland Rāy, 140.

Raus͟hanīs or Tārīkīs, 253 and n. 1.

Rāwal Sāl Darbāri, given flags, 17.

Rāwal Samarsī, of Bānswāla, 379.

Rāwalpindī, 98;
hunting at, 129.

Rāy ʿAlī Bhatī, killed in Gujarat, 50.

Rāy Mān, captain of Khidmatiya, 414.

Rāy Rāy Singh, son of Rāy Kalyān Māl, of Bikanir, has charge of Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusain, 44;
promoted to 5,000, 49;
his rebellion, 76, 84;
his misconduct in matter of K͟husrau, 130–1;
comes to Court and is pardoned, 131 and n. 1;
death, 217;
wished to make Sūraj Singh his heir, 218;
his folly, 438.

Regulations (dastūru-l-ʿamal), 7–10, 205.

Release of prisoners, 10 and n. 2.

Riqāʿ (kind of writing), 146 and n. 2.

Rodgers, C. J., quoted, 12 n. 1.

Rohtās, fort in Panjāb, 96 and n. 2.

Rohū (fish), 414.

Ruby, historic, 409.

Rūdar, Raja of Kumaon, 218.

Rūḥu-llah, 390;
death, 391.

Ruknu-d-dīn, Afghan S͟haik͟h, styled S͟hīr K͟hān, promoted, 17;
given Peshawar, 102;
given Gujrat in Panjab, 111;
waits on Jahāngīr at Dhaka in Khaibar, 127;
dies of drink, 134–5.

Rūp K͟hawās̤s̤, founder of Rūpbās, presented offering, 166, 202;
gets title of K͟hawāṣṣ K͟hān and made faujdār of Qanuj, 224.

Rūpbās, near Agra, hunting at, 166;
numerous antelopes at, 190;
afterwards called Amānābād, 247, 252.

Ruqayya Sult̤ān Begam, daughter of Hindāl and first wife of Akbar, given a garden, 48;
brings up S͟hāh Jahan, 48;
visits father’s tomb at Kabul, 110.

Rūs͟hanārā Begam, birth of, 389.

Rustam, Mīrzā, son of Mīrzā Sult̤ān Ḥusain, dress of honour sent to, 21;
waits on Jahāngīr, 226;
given government of Scinde, 229, 261;
sent by Akbar to Deccan, 262;
sent by Jahāngīr to Scinde, 262 and n. 1;
misconduct, 263;
pardoned, 265;
accident to, 403.

Rustam K͟hān, servant of S͟hāh Jahān, 405;
given garden, 427;
promoted, 435.

Rustam-K͟hānbārī, 426.

Rūz-afzūn, of Behar, becomes Muhammadan, 295.

Rūzbihān S͟hirāzī, Mullā, given money to expend on anniversary of S͟haik͟h Salīm, 159.

S

Sābar Mahī (Sābarmatī), river in Gujarat, 41.

S̤ābit K͟hān, see Dayānat K͟hān.

Saʿdu-llah K͟hān, son of Saʿd K͟hān, promoted, 73;
given elephant, 183;
styled Nawāzis͟h K͟hān, 197.

Ṣādiq K͟hān, promoted, 301, 310, 372;
built monastery, 425.

Ṣadr Jahān, Mīrān, to produce deserving poor before Jahāngīr, 10;
promoted to 4,000, 22;
given a lakh of dāms for distribution, 46;
made Ṣadr, 46;
promoted to 5,000, 140;
waits on Jahāngīr, 293.

Ṣafdar K͟hān, waits on Jahāngīr, 164;
promoted, 167;
comes from Bihar, 200, 242;
sent to Kashmir, 256;
dismissed, 303.

Saffron, cultivation of, 93.

Ṣafī K͟hān, bak͟hs͟hī of Gujarat, 420, 439.

Ṣafī Mīrzā, son of S͟hāh ʿAbbās, murder of, 294;
reason for killing him, 338.

Safīd-sang, meadow of, 121.

Ṣāḥib qirānī, title of Timūr, 5.

Ṣāḥibī, kind of grape, 5.

Saʿid K͟hān, officer appointed to Kashmir, and opportunely reaches Lahore, 62.

Saʿīd K͟hān Chag͟hatai, governor of Panjab, 13;
report from, 20;
directed to bring Mīrzā G͟hāzī to Court, 223.

Saif K͟hān, title of ʿAlī Aṣg͟har Bārha son of Sayyid Maḥmūd Bārha, 32;
received seventeen wounds, 64;
promoted and made faujdār of Hisar, 157;
receives standard, 172, 284;
death from cholera, 325.

Saif K͟hān Kokaltāsh, brother of Zain K͟hān Koka, killed in battle, 43.

Salābat K͟hān, title of K͟hān Jahān Lodī, 87.

Salāmu-llah, Arab, 158 and n. 3;
sent to Deccan, 162;
promoted, 285, 297;
styled S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, 320, 397.

Sālbāhan comes with Dāniyāl’s elephants, 46. (In Muḥammad Hādi’s preface, p. 11, he is called Raja Shālbāhan.)

Sāliḥ, adopted son of K͟hwāja Beg Ṣafawī, styled K͟hanjar K͟hān, 230.

Salīm, S͟haik͟h, of Sīkrī, promises Akbar three sons, 2.

Salīm K͟hān, son of S͟hir K͟hān, 88, 137.

Salima Sult̤ān Begam, daughter of Nūru-d-dīn Muḥammad and Gul-ruk͟h Begam, account of, and death, 232 and n. 2;
gave name of ʿit̤r Jahāngīrī to otto of roses, 271.

Salīmgadh, fort in the Jumna, 137.

Sandal-tree, 7.

Sāngā, Rānā, defeated by Bābar, 4, 250.

Sāngor village, beauty of, and name changed to Kamālpūr, 361.

Sangrām, hill Raja, kills Rāja Mān, 361.

Sangrām, name of Akbar’s gun, 45.

Sangrām, zamindar of Bihar, killed, 83.

Sāras (birds), account of, 343.

Sarbuland Rāy promoted, 299, 406, 411.

Sardār K͟hān, see Yādgār K͟hwāja.

Sar-farāz K͟hān, grandson of Muṣāhib Beg (apparently should be Sar-āfrāz), 413.

Sarkhej, 428.

Sati, custom of, referred to, 142.

Sayyid Muḥammad, descendant of S͟hāh ʿĀlam, 422.

Sayyids of Bārha, bearing of, 64.

Sensitive plant, 443.

S͟hādmān, son of ʿAzīz Koka, made K͟hān, 203.

S͟hāh ʿĀlam, saint, raises the dead, 421.

S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, governor of Qandahar, promoted to 5,000, 49;
reports intended Persian attack on fort, 70;
bravery of, 71;
defends fort and makes it over to Sardār K͟hān, 86;
comes to S͟hor, 111 and n. 2;
recovers from illness, 121;
account of, 126;
styled K͟hān-daurān, 128;
offering of, 206, 287–8;
originally sent to Qandahar by Akbar, 262;
present to, 295;
defeats Aḥdād, Afghan, 311;
transferred to Sind, 397.

S͟hāh Begam, title given to K͟husrau’s mother, daughter of Bhagwān Dās, takes poison, 56.

S͟hāh-budāg͟h K͟hān, 382.

S͟hāh Jahān, see K͟hurram, Sult̤ān.

S͟hāh Mīrzā, rebel, 40.

S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān, 197.
See Īraj.

S͟hāh Qulī K͟hān Maḥram, seizes Hemū, 39;
his garden, 48.

S͟hāh S͟hajāʿat, birth of, 328;
he was born on the eve of Sunday, the 12th Tir = June 24th, 1616.

Shahabad in Rājputana, 252 and note.

S͟hahr-ārā garden at Kabul, 105–6, 111, 121.

S͟hahr-bānū, aunt of Bābar, maker of S͟hahr-ārā garden, 106.

S͟hāhruk͟h, Mīrzā, of Badakhshan, son of Ibrāhīm, grandson of Sulaimān, account of, 26–7;
given province of Malwa, 27;
death, 119;
account of family, 119;
his seven children brought to Court, 137.

S͟hahryār, son of Jahāngīr, 20 and n. 1;
comes from Gujarat, 156.

S͟hāhzāda K͟hānam, daughter of Akbar, born three months after Jahāngīr, made over to Maryam Makānī, 34.

S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, title of Kabīr Chis͟htī, 29;
in battle at Ahmadabad, 44;
promoted, 113;
promoted and sent to Bengal, 192;
account of battle against ʿUs̤mān, Afghan, 209–14;
receives title of Rustam-zamān, 214;
death of, 227.

S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, title of Salāmu-llah, Arab (which see), 320;
promoted, 439.

S͟hajāʿat K͟hān Dakhanī, 171, 176.

S͟hakaru-n-nisā, daughter of Akbar, character of, 36.

S͟hāk͟hband, a kind of fence, 129.

S͟hams K͟hān Gakkhar, 130.

S͟hamsu-d-dīn, son of ʿAzīz Koka, made Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, which see.

S͟hamsu-d-dīn K͟hwāfī, officer of Akbar, 100, 101.

S͟hankar, Rānā, son of Udai Singh, cousin of the Rānā, 16;
promoted, 112;
given 12,000 and 30,000 rupees, 49, 58;
his son promoted, 178;
temple destroyed, 254;
tank, 268.

S͟hāpūr, son of K͟hwājagī K͟hwāja, 218;
perhaps a nephew of G͟hiyās̤, but Maʾās̤ir, i, 180, calls him son of Iʿtimādu-d-daula, and it may be another name for Iʿtiqād.

S͟harafu-d-dīn Kās͟hg͟harī promoted, 372;
sent to Bangash, 408.

S͟harīf, son of Iʿtimādu-d-daula, plots with K͟husrau, 122;
put to death, 123.

S͟harīf Āmulī, account of, 47–8;
receives 2,000 rupees, 61;
9,000 rupees, 81;
and 12,000 rupees, 101.

S͟harīf K͟hān, Amīru-l-umarā, son of ʿAbdu-ṣ-Ṣamad, couplet by, 11;
account of, 14 and n. 2, 15;
seal entrusted to, 18;
remark of, 25–6;
employed to quell riot, 29;
directed to pursue K͟husrau, 52;
recalled, 53;
left ill at Lahore, 82;
at Attock, 101;
gets worse, 103;
recovers, 121;
waits on Jahāngīr at Chandālah, 130;
sent to Deccan, 156;
verse by, 228;
death in Deccan, 231.

S͟hauqī, mandolin-player, 331.

S͟hihābu-d-dīn Aḥmad K͟hān, officer of Akbar, 430–1.

S͟hīr K͟hān, ruler of Bengal, 367.

S͟hīr-afgan, title given by Jahāngīr to ʿAlī Qulī Istājlū, husband of Nūr-Jahān, 113;
account of him and of his killing Qut̤bu-d-dīn, 113–15.

S͟hukru-llah, Mullā, S͟hāh Jahān’s diwan, 273, 274.
See Afẓal K͟hān.

Shyām Rām, riot by, 29.

Shyām Singh, cousin of Umrā, 140–1;
promoted, 222, 281.

Sikandar Muʿīn, ordered to build fort at Jahāngīrpūr (S͟haik͟hūpūra), 91;
helps Jahāngīr to shoot nilgaw, 268;
buried at Rānā S͟hankar’s tank, having died at Udaipur, 268.

Sikandar Munshī, author, 427.

Sikandra, building of, 152.

Siyar al-mutaʾak͟hk͟hirīn, quoted, 7 note.

Solar weighments, 230, 248.

Spider, large, 117.

Squirrel, flying, 104.

Statues, marble, of Rānā and son, erected at Agra, 332.

Subh Karan, maternal uncle of Rānā Amar, 273.

Subḥān Qulī, Turk, 41.

Sudras, Hindu caste, 245.

Sufra net, 99.

Sulaimān Beg, 131.
See Fidāʾī K͟hān.

Sult̤ān, Mīrzā, son of S͟hāhruk͟h, favoured by Jahāngīr, 24.

Sult̤ān K͟hurram, i.e. S͟hāh Jahān, see K͟hurram Bābā.

Sult̤ān Maḥmūd, son-in-law of K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, 382.

Sult̤ān Maḥmūd Bīgara, 429.

Sult̤ān S͟hāh, Afghan, shot to death with arrows, 134.

Sult̤ānu-n-nisā, eldest child of Jahāngīr, 15 and n. 1.

Sundar Dās, styled Rāy Rāyān, 273, 274, 368;
styled Bikramājīt, 402.

Sūraj Mal, son of Rāja Bāso, 283, 311, 337, 388, 393.

Sūraj Singh, Rāja, maternal uncle of K͟hurram Bābā (S͟hāh Jahān), 140–1;
promoted, 153;
fights with his brother, 291;
sent to Deccan, 293.

Sūraj Singh, son of Rāy Rāy Singh, younger brother of Dulīp, 218, 259;
offering of, 282–3, 288;
presents elephants, 289;
given one in, return, 290;
promoted, 288, 301.

Surk͟hāb, discovery of plot at, 122.

Sylhet, eunuchs in, 150.