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Travels into North America, Volume 2 (of 3)

Chapter 16: August 1749.
By Pehr Kalm
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History - Early Modern (c. 1450-1750)Science - BiologyScience - Earth/Agricultural/FarmingTravel Writing

About This Book

The volume offers an 18th-century traveler's systematic account of colonial North American settlements, combining natural history, agricultural practice, and social observation. It attributes rapid population growth to easy access to uncultivated land, low levies, and early marriage, illustrated through local family records. Detailed naturalist notes describe periodic swarms and caterpillar outbreaks, grass-worm infestations, and their cyclical damage to trees and crops. Domestic nuisances receive attention as well, with descriptions of clothes-eating moths, fleas, crickets, and bedbugs and their effects on household goods and animals. Interwoven with these reports are reflections on settlement patterns, farming methods, and contrasts with European conditions.

May 1749.

D. H. Ther. Wind. The Weather in general.
1 4 m 01.5 S 0 Hoar frost this morning,—fair.
3 a 18.5 S W 1
2 5 m 1.0 W 1 Fair.
3 a 23.0
3 5½ m 4.0 W 1 Fair.
3 a 27.5
4 5 m 16.0 W 1 Fair.
5 5 m 13.0 S 3 Flying clouds.
3 a 27.0
6 5 m 14.5 N 0 Fair.
7 5 m 13.0 N 0 Somewhat cloudy.
8 5 m 4.0 N 0 Fair.
9 6 m 14.0 S 1 Rain almost the whole day.
3 a 14.0
10 6 m 13.0 S S W 0 Intermittent showers.
3 a 16.0
11 6 m 12.0 W S W 0 Fair.
3 a 28.0
12 6 m 13.0 W N W 2 Fair.
3 a 20.0
13 5 m 9.0 N W 1 Fair.
3 a 18.5
14 5 m 00.5 N W 0 Fair.
15 5 m 9.0 S S W 2 Cloudy.
3 a 20.0 Rain.
16 5 m 17.0 Cloudy.
4 a 23.0
17 5 m 20.0 S 1 Rains intermittently all day; and lightens very much at night.
3 a 24.0
18 5 m 13.0 Fair.
19 5 m 17.0 W 2 Fair.
20 5 m 19.0 W 1 Fair.
3 m 24.0
21 6 m 20.0 Fair.
22 S W 1 Fair. Very hot.
23 5 m 17.0 S W 1 Fair.
3 a 33.5
24 12 m 32.0 SW 1 Fair.[340]
25 8 m 23.0 S W 1 Fair, and very warm.
2 a 28.0
26 8 m 21.0 W N W 2 Flying clouds; at night thick clouds, with storm and rain.
3 a 25.0
27 7 m 17.0 W 2 Thick, scattered clouds.
2 a 25.0 Pretty cool.
28 7 m 15.0 W 1 Flying clouds.
2 a 25.0
29 7 m 16.0 W 2 Flying clouds.
2 a 25.0
30 5 m 13.0 W N W 1 Fair.
— a 25.0 W 1 Cloudy.
31 5 m 13.0 S W 1 Somewhat cloudy.
1 a 27.0 Fair.

[341]

June 1749.

D. H. Ther. Wind. The Weather in general.
1 5 m 23.0 S W 1 Rain the preceding night.
2 S E 1 Morning cloudy,—clears up at ten,—flying clouds.
3 7 m 24.0 S W 1 Flying clouds; afternoon, thunder-clouds, with rain from the N W.
4 3 a 26.0 N W 1 Flying clouds.
5 5½ m 15.5 S 1 Fair.
3 a 22.0
6 5 m 18.5 S W 1 Alternately fair and cloudy.
3 a 23.0
7 All d 20.0 Cloudy and rainy.
8 6 m 15.5 N W 0 Cloudy.
3 a 23.0 — 1 Flying clouds.
9 5 m 13.0 Fair.
10 5 m 11.0 S W 1 Fair.
3 a 22.5
11 7 m 20.0 N 1 Flying clouds.
2 a 33.0 S W 1 Thunder-storm, with rain.
12 6 m 23.0 N 0 Fair.
3 a 32.0 S 2 Somewhat cloudy.
13 5 m 19.0 S E 2 Almost fair.
3 a 27.0
14 6 m 26.0 S 1 Fair.
3 a 25.0 Thunder-clouds, with rain.
15 6 m 18.0 N 0 Fair.
3 a 26.5
16 6 m 20.0 N N E 1 Fair.
2 a 28.0
17 5½ m 18.0 N 0 Fair.
3 a 27.5
18 5 m 21.0 E S E 1 Fair.
3 a 32.0 N E 1 Thunder, with heavy showers.
19 6 m 20.0 N N W 1 Fair.
3 a 27.0
20 5 m 18.0 S 1 Fair.
3 a 26.0 Cloudy.
21 5 m 23.0 S W 0 Cloudy, with some showers.
22 5 m 9.0 W 1 Fair.
23 6 m 17.0 S 1 Fair.
— a N W 1 Cloudy.[342]
24 6 m 20.5 S 1 Cloudy, afterwards fair.
— a S W 1 Thunder and rain.
25 5 m 23.0 S 1 Fair.
2 a 32.0
26 5 m 14.0 N 1 Fair.
27 6 m 15.0 Fair.
28 6 m 18.0 S 1 Fair.
1 a 35.0
29 7 m 26.0 Fair.
30 5 m 11.0 S 1 Fair.
3 a 31.0 W 1

[343]

July 1749.

D. H. Ther. Wind. The Weather in general.
1 N 3 Flying clouds.
2 5 m 7.5 N 2 Fair.
3 8 m 26.0 N 1 Fair.
2 a 28.0 — 1 Thunder-storm, and rain at night.
4 6 m 20.0 S 1 Cloudy; intermittent showers in the afternoon.
— a N 2
5 W 1 Fair.
4 a 26.0 — 1 Cloudy; rain at night.
6 5½ m 18.0 S W 1 Rain all the preceding night; fair in day-time.
7 4½ m 17.0 N W 0 Fair.
8 6 m 16.0 N 0 Alternately fair and cloudy. A halo round the sun, in the forenoon.
9 7 m 21.0 S W 0 Rain the preceding night. In day-time, cloudy, with some showers.
3 a 22.0
10 4¾ m 18.0 S W 0 Fair; sometimes flying clouds and showers.
3 a 24.5 — 1
11 5 m 17.0 S S E 1 Fair.
2 a 26.0 — 1
12 5 m 22.0 W 1 Fair.
13 6 m 20.0 S S W 1 Fair.
3 a 33.0 — 1
14 5 m 21.0 W S W 1 Fair.
2 a 28.0 — 1
15 5 m 26.0 N N E 1 Fair.
3 a 28.0 — 1
16 5 m 14.0 S 0 Fair; sometimes cloudy.
10 m S S E 1
17 5 m 19.0 S 1 Fair.
3 a 24.0 — 1 Cloudy.
18 5 m 15.0 N N E 0 Fair.
2 a 25.0 — 0
19 5 m 19.0 S S W 1 Cloudy; rain.
— a Pretty fair.
20 5 m 19.0 S 1 Fair.
3 a 24.0 — 1 Flying clouds.
21 S 0 Fair.
3 a 27.0 — 0 Flying clouds.
22 5 m 16.0 S W 2 Fair.
3 a 27.0 S W 2 [344]
23 6 m 19.0 S S W 1 Alternatively fair and cloudy.
3 a 28.5 — 1
24 6 m 20.0 S W 1 Fair.
3 a 29.0 — 1
25 5 m 20.0 W S W 0 Fair.
3 a 29.5 — 0
26 5 m 21.0 S 0 Fair.
3 a 30.0 — 1
27 5 m 22.0 W 1 Cloudy; intermittent showers.
3 a 21.5 — 1
28 6 m 17.0 W 1 Fair.
3 a 27.0 — 1
29 6 m 16.0 N W ½ Fair; flying clouds at night, and showers.
2 a 24.0 — 1
30 6 m 14.0 W N W 1 Fair.
2 a 26.0 — 1
31 6 m 16.0 E 1 Cloudy; rain almost all day.
3 a 22.0 — 1

[345]

August 1749.

D. H. Ther. Wind. The Weather in general.
1 6 m 22.0 N E 1 Cloudy. Some showers.
3 a 28.0 — 1
2 4½ m 16.0 N E 1 Fair.
a S E 1 Cloudy. Fair towards night.
3 5 m 13.0 S W 2 Fair.
4 m N E 2 Cloudy. Some showers.
2 a 21.0 — 2
5 m N E 1 Fair.
a S W 1
6 5 m 16.0 N E 3 Heavy rain all day.
3 a 16.0 — 3 Some thunder.
7 6 m 13.0 E S E 1 Cloudy. Frequent showers.
3 a 16.0 — 1
8 6 m 16.0 S W 1 Cloudy. Some showers.
3 a 27.0 — 1
9 6 m 14.0 S W 1 Flying clouds.
1 a 20.0 — 1 Rain at night.
10 6 m 14.0 S W 1 Flying clouds.
3 a 24.0 — 1
11 6 m 15.5 W 1 Cloudy.
12 6 m 14.0 W 1 Flying clouds.
2 a 25.0 — 1
13 7 m 15.5 N W 1 Fair.
2 a 30.0 — 1
14 6 m 16.0 N E 2 Fair.
2 a 26.0 — 2
15 6 m 14.0 N E 1 Fair.
2 a 28.0 — 1
16 5 m 14.0 S E 1 Fair. At night thunder and rain.
3 a 26.0 — 1
17 5 m 14.5 S 0 Flying clouds.
3 a 27.0 — 0
18 5 m 16.0 W 1 Thunder and rain in the morning. At ten in the morning flying clouds.
3 a 29.0 — 1
19 6 m 17.0 W 1 Fair.
3 a 30.0 — 1
20 5 m 16.5 S W 0 Fair.
3 a 28.0 — 0
21 5 m 17.0 S W 1 Fair.
2 a 29.0 — 1
5 a 27.0 — 1 [346]
22 5 m 19.0 N E 2 Rain all day.
3 a 17.5
23 5 m 16.5 S W 3 Rain early in the morning. At 10 m. flying clouds.
2 a 22.5 — 3
24 6 m 13.5 S W 2 Flying clouds.
2 a 22.0 — 2
25 5 m 7.0 S W 2 Fair.
4 a 20.5 — 2
26 5 m 13.0 N E 1 Alternately fair and cloudy.
3 a 18.0 — 1 Much rain this afternoon.
27 5 m 10.5 S W 1 Flying clouds.
2 a 23.0 — 1
28 5 m 10.0 S W 1 Fair.
2 a 20.0 — 1
29 5 m 13.0 N E 2 Fair.
30 5½ m 11.0 N E 2 Fair.
31 6 m 13.6 S 1 Pair and cloudy alternately.
3 a 18.5 — 1 Intermittent showers.

[347]

September 1749.

D. H. Ther. Wind. The Weather in general.
1 5½ m 14.5 N N W 1 Fair.
3 a 30.0 — 1
2 5½ m 9.0 N 1 Fair.
2 a 18.0 S S W 1
3 5½ m 7.5 S 1 Somewhat cloudy. Now and then fair.
2 a 20.0 — 1
4 6 m 14.0 S 1 Now and then a shower; and in the intervals fair.
2 a 17.5 — 1
5 6 m 14.0 N E 2 Fog. Rain all day. Now and then thund.
6 10½ m 15.0 N E 2 Fog, and drizzling rain all day.
10½ a 15.0 — 2
7 7 m 17.0 S W 1 Fog and rain.
3 a 22.0 — 1 Fair.
8 5½ m 15.0 S S W 1 Fair.
4 a 28.0 — 1
9 5 m 17.5 E N E 2 Fair.
3 a 25.0 — 2
10 5½ m 16.0 N E 2 Fair.
3 a 26.0 — 2
11 5½ m 15.0 E N E 0 Fair.
3 a 25.0 — 0
12 7 m 14.5 N N E 1 Fair.
a S W 1
13 5½ m 14.0 N E 1 Fair.
1½ a 24.5 — 1
14 5 m 15.0 N E 2 Fair.
1 a 22.5 — 2
15 5½ m 16.0 N N E 3 Fair. Forenoon, a halo round the sun.
2 a 19.0 — 3
16 5½ m 8.5 N N E 1 Fair.
3 a 20.5 — 1
17 5 m 12.0 S W 0 Fair.
18 6 m 17.0 S W 1 Fair.
3 a 27.0 — 1
19 6 m 14.0 S W 1 Fair.
3 a 26.0 — 1
20 6 m 19.0 S W 1 Fair.
3 a 26.0 — 1 Cloudy. Rain towards night.
21 6 m 15.0 Fair.
3 a 19.5
22 6 m 13.0 E 0 Somewhat cloudy.
3 a 22.0 — 0 [348]
23 6 m 14.0 S W 0 Fair.
24 6 m 18.0 S W 2 Fair. Rain at noon.
2 a 26.0 — 2 Flying clouds in the afternoon.
25 7 m 16.0 W 1 Alternately clear and cloudy.
2 a 17.0 — 1
26 8 m 12.5 N E 1 Fair.
3 a 11.5 — 1 Cloudy and rainy
27 6 m 9.3 N 1 Rain all day.
3 a 14.0 — 1
28 6 m 8.0 S W 1 Heavy rain all day.
3 a 14.0 — 1
29 6 m 8.0 S 1 Fog.
1 a 13.0 — 1 Flying clouds
30 8 m 14.0 S W 2 Drizzling rain.
2 a 18.0 — 2 Somewhat clear.