Uruguay

A

Aborigines (138-150);
various tribes, 138;
character of, 139;
ethics, 140;
marriage, 141;
warfare, 142;
weapons, 143;
burial, 143-4;
superstitions, 144-5;
question of cannibalism, 145-6;
introduction of horses to, 147;
hostility to whites, 147

Administration, 312-3.

Agnes C. Donohoe, Canadian sealing-schooner, seized, 295

Agricultural societies, 259

Agriculture (See Estancias, Industries, Cereals);
proportion of soil in cultivation, 331

Alfalfa, 205

Alvear, defeats Otorgues, 70;
deposed by Thomas, 72

Amethysts, 235, 289

Aguirre, President, 121

Arachanes Indians, 150

Architecture, 193-4, 201, 208, 216

Argentina, provinces, occupied by Lopes, 122

Argentine, the, relations with Uruguay, 30, 63-4.
See Buenos Aires, Rosas

Artigas (78-96), central figure of the Revolution, 57;
joins patriots, 58;
defeats Spaniards at Las Piedras, 59;
besieges Montevideo, 60;
superseded in command, 61;
heads exodus to Argentine, 63;
insists on Uruguayan autonomy, 64;
separates from Argentine, 65;
elected President, 67;
raises siege of Montevideo, is outlawed by Argentina, but raises revolt in provinces, 68;
demands surrender of Montevideo, 69;
ruler of Uruguay, 71;
returns hostages to Thomas, 72;
defeated by Brazilians, 75;
declares war upon Buenos Aires, 75;
deserted by leaders, 76;
escapes to Paraguay, 77;
history of, 78-96;
character, 79-80;
early life, 81-3;
ruler of Uruguay, 88;
expels Spaniards, 89;
horrors committed in camp, 91;
simplicity of manners, 91-4


B

Banda Oriental, 27;
subject to Artigas, 90

Barley, 285

Bathing-places, 167

Batlle, President, 123, 126

Beef Trust of United States, 280-1;
attempt to capture South American refrigerating industry, 282

Belgrano, makes treaty with Portuguese, 64

"Blancos," or Whites, the, a political clan, 32;
assassinate Flores, 123;
assassinate Borda, 125;
origin of term, 313, 314-5, 321-3

Bohanes Indians, 148

Borda, President, assassinated, 125

Brazil, relations with, 30-1;
invades Uruguay in 1817, 75;
annexes Uruguay, 77;
alliance with Uruguay against Rosas, 117;
sends troops to assist Flores, 120;
alliance with Uruguay in Paraguayan War, 122

British: capital, 276;
popularity of, 33;
enterprise, 296-7;
invade Uruguay and evacuate it, 55.
See England.

Brown, Admiral, destroys Spanish fleet, 68;
destroys Uruguayan fleet, 114

Budget, the, 335

Buenos Aires, taken by British, 55;
Junta of, 56;
action of Government during revolution, 62, 64;
refuses to recognise Congress of Uruguay, 67;
evacuates Montevideo, 70, 71;
sends forces against Artigas which revolt and depose Alvear, 72;
offers to acknowledge Uruguayan independence in return for Transplatine provinces, 73

Bull-fighting, 133-4, 223-4

Burnett, Mr. Henry, British Vice-Consul, 203

Bustamente, President, 120


C

Cabildo, official, 73

Cabot founds San Sebastian, 38

Campo, the, 72, 114, 175-7, 137, 237-45

Canaries, immigrants from, 48-9, 53

Canelones, 265

Caudillo, severity of, 74

Carlos II. of Spain, surrenders Colonia to Portugal, 42

Carlota, Queen of Portugal, 61

Casas, Padre de las, recommends introduction of negro slaves, 44

Cattle, introduced by Hernandarias, 40;
superabundance of, 153, 247-8, 250, 254-264;
census, 332;
distribution of, 333

Cereals, 284-5

Changadores, or early buccaneers, 40

Charity, Commission of, 313

Charrúa Indians, kill de Solis, 37;
destroy S. Sebastian, 38;
attempt to sack Montevideo, 49;
practically exterminated, 110, 139-47

Cheese, 175

Chilled meat. See Refrigerating Industry

Cholera, 124

Civil War, 28;
after War of Independence, 108;
Rosas intervenes, 112;
the French intervene, 113.
See Revolution, Revolutions

Climate, 272

Clubs, 158-9

Colón, 166

Colonia, foundation of, 42;
in hands of Portuguese, 43;
captured by Spanish, 44;
given back to Portugal by Philip V., 44;
besieged by Salcedo, 49;
exchanged for Jesuit missions, 50;
again becomes Portuguese, is retaken, and again falls to Portuguese, 51;
captured by Ceballos, 53;
siege of, during Revolution, 60

Colonia, department, 267

Colonia Suiza, 211-5

Colonies, 212-3, 220-244

"Colorados" or Reds, a political clan, 32;
formation of, 120;
origin of, 313, 314-5, 321-3

Communications, 296-308. See Railways, Shipping

"Conciliation Ministry," the, 125

Constitution of Uruguay, 109, 311

Coronilla, seal islands, 294

Corrales, goldfields, 287

Costume, 180

Cuestas, 125

Culta, besieges Montevideo, 65

Customs revenue, 336

Customs service, 83


D

Dairies, 214, 261

Darwin, discovers fulgurites at Maldonado, 203

Departments, 265;
budgets of, 335

Diamonds, 288

Diaz, General, revolt of, 119;
policy of, 120;
second revolt and execution, 121

Dolores, taken by the Thirty-Three, 101

Domestics, 180-1

Durazno, department, 266


E

Eden, 185

Education, 32, 165

Elio, appeals to Queen Carlota for help during siege of Montevideo, 61, 88

England, intervenes during Rosas' invasion, 116;
exports to, 334;
exports from, 334.
See British.

English colony, the, 159

Estancias, 246-53

Exports, 277, 329;
general, 330;
to England, 334


F

Faeneros, early trafficking in hides by, 40

Fauna of Uruguay, 273-5

Ferdinand VI. of Spain, cedes northern Uruguay and the Missions to Portugal in return for Colonia, 50

Feuds, 137.
See Politics, Revolutions

Finance, a crisis, 124;
increased cost of living, 131-2;
English capital, 276;
imports and exports, 277;
the Budget, 335;
special revenue, 336;
principal sources of revenue, 336

Flores, Dictator, 120-1;
assassinated, 123

Florida, department, 205

Football, 133

Foreigners, position of, 32

France, blockades Buenos Aires, 113;
forms armistice with Rosas, 114;
intervenes during invasion by Rosas, 116

Francia, Dictator of Paraguay, 77

Fray Bentos, 229

Frigorifica Uruguaya, 263

Frozen Meat trade, 263, 280-2

Fulgurites, 203


G

Garay, Juan de, defeats Zapicán, 39

Garibaldi, as privateer, 114

Garro, de, Governor of Buenos Aires, expels Portuguese from Colonia, 42;
removed from post and promoted, 43

Gauchos, 240-2, 251-3

Gems, 288-9

Giro, fourth President, 119

Gold, 287

Government, policy of, 35;
established by Lavalleja, 104

Guarani Indians, 149

Guenoa Indians, 149


H

Hares, 207

Herán, Padre, Jesuit, 49

Hernandarias, defeated by Charrúa Indians, 39;
ships cattle and horses to Colonia to breed in wild state, 40

Hervidero, headquarters of Artigas, 90

Highways, 195-6

History, 37-127

Horses, introduced by Hernandarias, 40, 256, 258

Hotels, 159-60


I

Immigration, modern methods in use in eighteenth century, 48

Imports, 277;
commercial, 327;
industrial, 328;
value of, 329

Independence, War of, 28.
See History, Revolutions

Indians, Charrúas, 37;
become carnivorous and equestrians, 42;
campaign against, 43;
rising crushed, 50;
they resist treaty of 1750, 50.
See Aborigines

International troubles, 28

Irala orders Romero to settle Uruguay, 38


J

Jesuits, in Uruguay, 50;
expelled by Carlos III., 51


K

Kennedy, Mr. R. J., British Minister Plenipotentiary, 34


L

Landscape, of Uruguay, 173-5, 184-7, 197, 206-7, 222;
of the Campo, 238-45, 251

Latorre, dictator, 124

Lavalleja, Juan Antonio, liberator of Uruguay, 98;
head of the Thirty-Three, 99;
takes Dolores, 100-2;
besieges Montevideo with 100 men, 102;
sets up Government, 103;
General-in-Chief of Army of Liberation, 104;
deposes Junta, 105;
character as ruler, 108;
turns upon Rivera, 109-110;
enters Montevideo but is forced to retire;
appointed President, the appointment is refused by Assembly, 110;
takes refuge in Brazil, 111;
supports Oribe, 112;
death of, 117

Law, 312

Lemco, 229, 283

Liebig. See Lemco

Livestock, census of, 255;
cattle census, 332;
distribution, 333;

Lopes, Dictator of Paraguay, declares war upon Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina, 123

Lottery, 313

Luxury, Uruguayan free from common South American habit, 133


M

Magellan, 38

Maldonado department, fulgurites in dunes of, 203, 270-1;
mines and mineral products of, 288

Manners and customs, 128-137

Marriage, laws of, 312

Meat, dried, 261-2, 278-9.
See Tasajo

Meat, frozen. See Refrigerating

Meat trade, the, 261-2, 278, 279, 280-2.
See Beef Trust

Mercedes, captured by Gauchos, 58, 205, 208-9;
port of, 210

Minas, department, 271

Minuanes, Indians, 150

Monte Caseros, battle of, 117

Montevideo, city of, 46, 48-9;
a Governor appointed, 50;
seat of Viceroy after the revolution of Buenos Aires, 56;
siege during revolution, 60, 62;
a fresh siege, 64-5;
capitulation, 68;
occupied by Alvear, 70;
evacuated, 70;
entered by Otorgues, 71;
captured by Brazilians, 75;
besieged by the Thirty-Three, 103;
entered by provisional Government, 106;
in revolt, 110;
the Nine Years' Siege, 114-5;
revolution of 1851, 120;
seized by the Colorados, 121;
population of, 151;
description of, 152-60;
surroundings of, 161-2;
port works, 304

Montevideo, department, 271

Moreau, French adventurer, 45

Museum at Montevideo, 157

Mutton, despised, 156


N

National Assembly, confirms and then vetoes appointment of Lavalleja, 111

Negroes, first introduced into Uruguay, 44, 243;
troops, 243;
treatment of, in slavery, 245


O

Oats, 285

Oribe, General, 108;
second President, 111;
deprives Rivera of command, 112;
resigns upon intervention of France, 113;
joins Rosas, 114, 120, 314

Ostentation, common South American failing, not found in Uruguay, 133

Ostrich, the, 275-6

Otorgues, enters Montevideo, 71;
captured, 75


P

Palomas, seal islands, 295

Pan de Azucar, 201

Pando, agricultural centre, 197-8

Paraguay, 28;
appealed to during Revolution, 64;
the Paraguayan War, 122-3

Paysandú, centre of meat industry, 32, 58, 321-2

Paysandú, department, 268

Pelota, 223

Pereira, President, 120-1

Philip V. cedes Colonia to Portuguese, 44

Pines, 203

Piracy in eighteenth century, 45

Piria, Señor, 199-200, 202

Piriapolis, 197

Plata, La, River Plate, delineation of boundaries, 34, 45

Police, 136-7

Politics, 311-23;
conduct of revolutions, 316-17

Portuguese, rivalry of, with Spain, 38;
founders of Colonia, 42;
attempt to obtain Uruguay, 46;
invade Rio Grande, 49;
trouble with, 50-55;
invade Uruguay during Revolution, 61;
again invade Uruguay, 73.
See Brazil

Posts, Telegraphs, Telephones, 340-1

Prado, the, 162

Privateering, 45;
Uruguayan privateers in European waters, 75;
Garibaldi, 114

Progress, 36


R

Race-meetings, 131

Railways, 176-80, 206-7, 297-308;
companies and stock, 302, 308

Ramirez, deserts and defeats Artigas, 76

Ranchos, primitive, 177, 211

Rats, in Montevideo, 155

Real de San Carlo, 223

Refrigerating industry, 263, 280-2

Republican Constitution, the, 312

Revenue, tables of, 335-6

Revolutions: the War of Independence commences at Paysandú, 58;
Portuguese intervention, 64;
independence proclaimed, 71;
independence recognised after expulsion of the Brazilians, 103;
revolution of 1853, 119;
military revolution of 1875, 124;
lesser revolutions, 311-23

Rhodesia, 283

Rio Negro, department, 267

Rivera, department, 269;
goldfields, 287-8

Rivera, General, joins the Thirty-Three, 102;
jealousy of Lavalleja, 104;
accused of treason and imprisoned, 105;
attacked by Lavalleja, 109;
elected President, 109;
escapes from Lavalleja's attempt at capture, 110;
chases Lavalleja into Brazil, 110;
deprived of rank by Oribe, 112;
returns to power assisted by French, 113;
attacked by Oribe and defeated, 114;
further defeat, 115;
appointed as Minister to Paraguay, 116;
return to power, 116;
death, 117

Rivera, town, 193

Rondeau, defeats Portuguese, 55;
at siege of Montevideo, 61, 65;
made Governor, 108, 314

Rosario, 53

Rosas, Dictator of Argentina, 110;
supports Lavalleja, 111-2;
invades Uruguay, 113;
armistice with French, 114;
nine years' siege of Montevideo, 114;
final defeat and flight, 117


S

Saladeros, dried meat factories, 261

Salto, department, 268

Salto, town, 234

San José, 207

San Juan, department, 266

San Juan, estancia, 248-9

Santa Ana, 193-4

Santa Lucia, 207

Santos, 125

Seal fisheries, 291-5

Sheep, 258

Shipping, 308-9

Sierra de Mal Abrigo, 207

Slaves, introduction of, 44, 243, 245.
See Negroes

Solis, Juan Dias de, discoverer of Uruguay, killed by Indians, 37-8

Soriano, department, 267

Spain, turns attention to Uruguay, 38;
during Revolution, 38-68;
fall of Spanish power in Uruguay, 68;
fall of Spanish power in America, 72;
State Bank, 337-8

Steamer traffic. See Shipping.

Suárez, 115

Swine, 258

Swiss Colony, 212


T

Tacuarembo, department, 269

Tacuarembo, town, 187

Tajes, President, 125

Tambores, 178-9

Tasajo, dried meat, 261-2, 278-9

Tea-Garden Restaurant, 166-7

Theatres, 131

Thomas, General Alvarez, deposes Alvear and becomes Director of Buenos Aires, 72

Topaz, 235, 289

Trade, 277;
exports, 277, 329;
general, 330;
to England, 334;
table of increase, 326;
comparative trade in 1908, table, 327;
table of commercial imports, 327;
value of, 331

Treinta y Tres, the "Thirty-Three," set out from Buenos Aires, 99;
capture Dolores, 101;
win over Rivera, 102;
besiege Montevideo, 102;
obtain general support, 103

Treinta y Tres, department, 270

Triumvirate, the abortive, 119

Tunnel, Bañada de Rocha, 191


U

Urquiza, General, defeats Rivera, 115;
defeats Rosas, 117

Uruguay: general description of, 27-36;
history of, 37-127;
manners and customs, 128-137;
continued warfare in the past, 29;
present conditions, 34;
War of Independence, 38, et seq.;
independence proclaimed, 71;
evils of new regime, 71;
partitioned, 73;
invaded by Portuguese, 73;
annexed to Brazil, 77;
Lavalleja sets up National Government, 104;
independence recognised, 105;
alliance with France, 113;
at mercy of Rosas, 116;
alliance with Brazil and defeat of Rosas, 117;
warlike history of, 126;
life in, 138;
landscape, 174-5;
the Campo, 237-246;
departments of, 265

Uruguayans, heroism of, 29;
fighting qualities, 31;
character as troops, 94-5;
character of people, 128;
hospitality and democratic feeling, 115, 130-3;
physique of, 133;
honesty, 136;
sobriety, 137;
types of, 181-90;
a Paladin of the Campo, 190


V

Varela, Dictator, 124

Vidal, President, 124-5

Vigodet, 65

Villa del Cerro, 168

Viticulture, 289-91


W

War of Independence, 58.
See Revolutions

Water-stone, 235

Whale fishery, 54

Wheat, 278

Whitelocke, General, incapacity of, 55

Wild, A., dealer in gems, 289

Williman, President, 126

Wines, 289-291

Women, Uruguayan, 135, 180


Y

Yaros Indians, 148


Z

Zapicán, famous Indian chief, defeats Zarate, is defeated and killed by J. de Garay, 39

Zarate, founds a settlement, and is defeated by Zapicán, 39

Zavala, captures Montevideo, 47