Warships and their story

INDEX

Adherence to sail after adoption of steam, 120, 122
Admiralty:
Adoption of steam power and iron armour, 146;
builds its first steamer, 89;
attachment to wooden ships, 256;
first iron steamship, 99
Advance towards Dreadnought gun arrangement, 251
Advice boats, 59
Aeroplane v. Submarine, 329;
and warships, 329
African war canoes, 24
Alexander the Great’s State visit to Neptune, 289
Alexandria, Bombardment of, 214 et seq.;
the defences, 215;
British ships’ weight of broadsides, 216;
damage caused by British fire, 217-9;
Egyptian and British losses, 218
“All-big-gun” one calibre ships (see Dreadnoughts)
All-round fire, 164
(see Dreadnoughts)
America:
first modern cruisers, 223;
frigates, 60, 105, 124;
navy, 60, 61;
turret-ship’s Atlantic voyage, 188;
warships sold to Europe, 189
American Civil War:
Atlanta sunk by Weehawken, 134;
Albemarle (Confederate ram) sunk by improvised torpedo boat, 134;
Tennessee (Confederate) designed as ironclad ram, 134;
battle with Union fleet, 135;
David, 136;
Ironsides attacked by, 136;
improvised gunboats, 137;
innovations, 104;
“tinclads,” 137
(see also Alabama, Merrimac, Monitor)
Ammunition tubes, 174;
hoists, 277
Ancient Egyptian warships, 2, 3, 4
Antiquity of naval warfare, 2
Anti-torpedo boat armament: rate of fire, 304
“Anti-war shell,” 268
Arab dhow, 33, 37
Archers on shipboard, 19;
fighting tops for, 41, 48
Armour:
Agamemnon (1906) 8-in. armour equal to 12-in. four years earlier, 253;
Hercules’, impenetrable, 159;
value of, proved at Lissa, 157;
concentration of, at sides, 119;
increased thickness, 162;
French, 163;
Warrior, Devastation and Hercules compared, 162, 163;
Inflexible’s, 2 ft. thick, 176;
limit, 176;
belts, 165;
Armstrong-Whitworth competition, 275;
on deflective principle, 242;
targets, 275;
steel and iron compared, 267, 277;
developments, 321;
Rossia’s in Japanese battle, 259;
tests with H.M.S. Ruby, 100;
iron plates superposed, 100;
rolled armour plates for Crimean War, 100;
steel, 20 inches thick, 246;
compound belt, 18 inches thick, 247;
Harveyised steel, 247, 248
Armour-cased screw frigate, 194
“Armour-patched” ship, 121
Armour plate experiments, 183, 266, 268, 269, 270;
“impregnable armour plating,” 269;
Italian experiments at Spezzia, 276
Armour plates:
Warrior’s costly, 118;
tests, 118;
Black Prince’s, 121;
Glutton’s, 183
(see Armour and Artillery)
Armoured bow citadel, 148;
bulkheads, 119, 148
Armoured frigates, 118, 181
Armoured ships (see also Floating Batteries):
French Emperor decides to use against Russian forts, 109;
French floating batteries, 109, 110;
first iron-clad citadel ship in Europe, 109;
similar floating batteries built by British, 110;
objections to retention of, after Crimean War, 115;
Royal Commission (1858) reports French building four iron-plated ships, 117;
Gloire, battleship, converted to armoured frigate, 117;
Britain’s reply with the Warrior, 118
Armstrong breech loaders, 148
Armstrong, Sir W., 274
Artillery:
Chinese, 35;
firearms introduced into western Europe, 39;
cannon introduced, first used in naval warfare, early guns, method of mounting, chambers for, 40;
brass guns, 48;
heavy Russian at Sinope, 106;
ditto at Sebastopol and Cronstadt, 107;
rivalry between guns and armour, 108;
150-pounders, 300-pounders, 152;
12½-ton gun, 158;
80-ton gun, 176;
100-ton guns, 178;
111-ton guns, 245;
12-inch guns, 247, 277, 282, 283;
13½-inch guns, 247;
15-inch guns, 282;
6-inch quick firers, 247;
quick firers introduced, 274;
breech loaders, 148, 244, 265, 270, 271, 275, 269;
hydraulic machinery, 171, 174;
loading by machinery, 174, 278-81;
guns loaded at any elevation, 278-81;
rifling: polygonal, 274;
increasing twist, 274;
difficulties attending, 265, 270, 274, 275;
Whitworth rifled gun, 267;
Whitworth hexagonal, 171;
windage, 265, 274;
cast-iron rifled guns, 265;
wrought-iron rifled guns, 265;
steel rifled guns, 265, 266;
malleable iron gun, 266;
smoothbores rifled, 275;
uniform rifling, 283;
Bessemer steel guns, 266;
steel tubes, 266;
steel guns adopted for the Navy, 266;
muzzle-loading rifled gun, 176;
competitive experiments with Armstrong and Whitworth guns, 267, 275;
Whitworth gun range, 268;
British Government declines competition between muzzle loader and Whitworth breech loader, 269;
pivoted guns, 126, 175, 273;
Armstrong-Woolwich gun, 164, 153, 271, 272;
Dahlgren, 126, 131, 189, 190;
adapted to Paixhan system of shell firing, 126;
Hontoria, 227;
Stockton-Ericsson, 128, 139;
Parrott, 137;
Paixhan, 110, 126;
Rodman, 159, 190, 269, 270;
Mackay, 270;
Fraser’s cheap construction muzzle-loading, 271;
French and English methods of working big guns, 277-8;
manufacture, 282;
underwater guns, 292;
columbiads, 292-3;
hexagonal bore, 270;
energy, 270, 272;
dimensions, 272-3;
wire guns, 273;
rapid fire, 273, 274, 279;
turntable, 159;
heavy guns in barbettes introduced, 244;
sponsons, 96, 126;
blast, 249;
46-ton wire gun more powerful than 110½-ton gun, 249;
record weight of discharge prior to Dreadnoughts, 177;
Spezzia experiments, 178;
anti-torpedo boat guns, 176, 248;
greater security through breech loading, 280;
superiority of 12-inch gun over those prior to 1906, 252;
range of Dreadnought’s guns, 262;
25-miles range, 268;
length in proportion to calibre, 283
Assouan (Syene) Expedition, 3
Australian bark canoe, 23
Austrian fleet at Lissa, 153
Auxiliary steam: three-deckers, 105
Ballingers, 43
Baltic and Crimean campaigns, 104, 114, 115;
Sea of Azof, 113
Banked ships, 7
Barbary pirates, 74
Barbette ships of high displacement, 248;
freeboard, 247
Barbettes and turrets, 244
Barton, Sir Andrew, and family, 49
Basket-work boats, 6, 15
Basket-work shields, 6
Battle between steam fleet and sailing fleet, 106
Battles:
Acre, 94;
Copenhagen, 64;
“Glorious First of June,” 64;
La Hogue, 59;
La Rochelle, 40;
Lissa, 152;
Ramming at, 153, 155, 157;
Losses, 156;
Migdol, 4;
Min River, 224;
Navarino, 64;
Sinope, 106;
Sluys, 40;
Trafalgar, 64;
Tsushima, 238-9
(see also Huascar, Merrimac, Monitor, American Civil War, Spanish American War)
Battleship of the future, 328-31
Battleship-cruisers, 254, 255, 261, 262
Battleship’s greatest enemy, 285
Beardmore and Sons, 252
Beardmore, Mr., on armour progress, 253
Beginning of the English Navy, 44
Bellatorium (fighting castle), 20
Beresford, Lord Charles, and Egyptian gunner, 218
Bessemer, Sir Henry, 266
Betts, Hanlon and Hollingsworth, 123
Bilge keels, 120
Biremes, Triremes, etc., 7 et seq.
Blakely shells in war, 198
“Blast” of great guns, 249
Blockade runners, 141
Boilers:
Belleville, 260;
watertube and cylindrical in combination, 260
Bomb vessels, 58
Boulton and Watt, 89
Bow armour, 147
Box or central battery, 119, 121
Brazil-Paraguay War (1865), 198
Brazilian gun experiments, 269
Breastwork monitors, 183
Breastworks, 164
Breech-loading guns in European ships, 195
(see Artillery)
Britain’s first iron screw steamer, 94
Britain’s reply to United States monitors, 162
British naval resources, 62, 303
British Navy begun, 44
British-built monitors for Holland, 192
Broadside ironclads, 147, 148, 153
Broadside or central battery ships, 212
Broadside ships, 174, 243
Brooke, Commander, 127
Brooklyn Navy yard, 104
Brown, Sir John, 276
Brunel, I. K., 89
Buchanan, Commander Franklin, 128
Built canoes, 30
Bulkheads:
armoured, 174, 120;
iron-plated, 121
“Busses,” 20
Cammell (Sheffield), 179
Cancelli, 6
Canet, M., 277
Cannon, demi-cannon, 74
Carronades, 75
Catamarans, 30, 291
Cavalli, Major, 265
Cellular double bottoms, 152
Central armoured citadel, 178
Central battery, 148, 174, 175, 243
Central battery and double turret combined, 244
Central box battery ships in action, 203
Central hexagonal box battery (Mackrow system), 194
Cervera, Admiral, 230-2
Charles II.’s navy, 58
Chatham Islands catamarans, 30
Cheeses (Dutch) as cannonballs, 76
Chili-Peruvian War:
Peruvian fleet, 203;
Chili’s modern ironclads, 203;
how the Chilians fought and lost the Esmeralda, 205;
naval battles of the war, 203-7
Chilian Revolution:
Rebel Esmeralda (1884), 208;
fight between Blanco Encalada and Almirante Lynch and Almirante Condell, 209-10;
sulking of the Blanco Encalada, 210
Chinese artillery, 35
Chinese war junks, 35
Chino-Japanese War, 234-5
Cinque ports, 51
Circular ships, 180
Citadel, central armoured, 178
Citadel-ships (see Floating Batteries), 109, 119
Classifications, 57, 59, 62
Coal supply for warships, 181, 183, 185
Coast defence ships, 161, 182
Cochrane, Admiral, and Chili, 88
“Cogs,” 43
Coles, Capt., 146, 150, 160-1
Combination of central battery and barbettes or turrets, 174
Commerce destroyers, 256
Complete protective steel deck, 258
Composite vessels, 185
Conning towers, 166
Contest between guns and armour, 283
Copper:
fastenings, 62;
sheathing, 256
Coracles, 15
Cordite, 273
Corvettes, 256
Cost of warships:
Queen Elizabeth’s time, 57;
present day, 250, 251
Crimean campaign, 104, 114, 115
Cruisers:
Classified, 255;
duties of, 253;
last British with square sails, 254;
retention of sails advocated, 254;
cruiser-battleships, 254, 255, 261, 262;
in Russo-Japanese War, 254;
great speed of Dreadnought-cruiser, 255;
steel and iron, wood sheathed, 257;
first protected cruiser, 208, 258;
armoured cruisers, 258, 260, 261;
protected cruiser preferred by Admiralty, 258;
protected cruisers, 259;
armoured replace protected cruisers, 260;
“Town” class, 261;
cruisers developed from battleships, 261;
belted cruisers, 261;
powerful Japanese, 263;
fast German, 253
Crusades, 20
Culverins and demi-culverins, 74
Cupola ship, 194
Danes, 16
Decked Western vessel (first), 18
Decks:
nickel steel, 260;
plated, 164, 165;
protective, 146, 164
Denmark introduces turret system, 151
Denny (Dumbarton), 310
Depressible guns, 84
Destroyers, 285;
why necessary, 305;
requirements, 306;
earliest British, 306;
famous builders, 306;
increasing speed, 306;
first turbine destroyer, 308;
coastal destroyers, 308;
for Australian Commonwealth, 310;
fighting and sea-going qualities, 310;
fuel consumption and range of action, 310;
British and German rival types, 310-1
Ditchburn and Mare, 94, 99, 118
“Double-built” ship, 54
Double canoes, 24, 29
Double turret and central battery combined, 244
Dreadnought:
Why designed, 240;
revised gun arrangements, 245;
forerunners of, 251;
hitting power at long range, 252;
Dreadnought cruisers, 262;
how all big gun one-calibre ships came about, 312;
secrecy as to the Dreadnought, 313;
fighting value compared with other types, 313;
absence of secondary armament, 314;
official description, 314-5-6;
turbines, 316;
radius of action, 316;
officers’ quarters forward, 316;
armament and broadside, 316;
Orion’s armament and broadside, 316;
other super-Dreadnoughts, 317-9;
arrangement of turrets and guns, 319;
other nations adopt the type, 325, 326;
Invincible’s speed, 253, 255
Dromons built at Southampton, 43
Dudgeon, J. and W., 148-50
Dudgeon’s twin screws, 242
Duels between warships:
Merrimac--Monitor, 128 et seq.;
Alabama--Kearsarge, 141;
Anglo-American, 61;
between armoured and wooden ships, 205, 206
(see also Huascar, etc., 205-7)
Dug-outs, 21, 24, 29, 32
Dyak head-hunters’ canoes, 34
Dynamite gun, 224
Earlier and later Dreadnoughts compared, 261
Early four-masted ship, 44, 47
East India Company, 76, 91
East Indiamen, 77
Elder, John, inventor of circular ships, 181
Elevated platforms, 20
Elongated shell (Stevens’), 86, 87
Elswick, 178, 179, 258
Engagement between fleet and barge, 199
English and French guns compared, 277
Ericsson, John, offers Monitor, 128;
and British Admiralty, 92, 131, 138;
guns, 93, 128, 139;
offer to France, 110
(see also Monitor)
Engines:
Side-lever superseded by direct acting, 101;
American oscillating beam engines, 101;
necessity of placing machinery below the water level, 102, 103;
Penn’s oscillating cylinder, 102;
Maudslay’s double cylinders, 102, 107;
horizontal engines, 103;
Penn’s trunk engines, 103;
supersession of trunks by high-pressure steam, 103;
surface condensation, 104;
compound engines, 104;
cylindrical boilers, 104;
Maudslay’s “Siamese” engine, 98;
improved vertical compound engine, 179;
internal combustion, 304;
turbines, 262, 307, 308
Eskimo kayak, 23
Euphrates boats, 6, 15
Evans, Admiral Robley D., 232
Extravagant theories, 145
Fairbairn, 100
False bows and sterns, 184
Farragut, Admiral, 134, 135, 139
Fighting castle, 20
Figure-head hinged as gun-port, 185
Fijian canoe, 30
Firearms introduced by Moors, 39
First armour-plated ship to enter Pacific, 192
First automobile torpedo fired in war, 201
First British warship with Harveyised steel armour, 248
First Clyde-built steam frigate, 100
First ironclad built at Hull, 204
First iron-screw British steamer, 94
First iron sea-going propeller steamer constructed in United States of America, 123
First iron warship, 91
First iron war steamer in action, 91
First modern protected cruiser, 208
First protected cruiser, 258
First sea-going ironclad, 118
First steam warship to round Cape Horn, 88
First steel battleship for British Navy, 244
First twin screw ocean-going ironclad, 150
First war steamers in battle, 95
Floating batteries, 109, 110, 111;
armament and sails, 111;
given two screw propellers, 111;
wooden-built and armoured, 112;
iron-built, 112;
French attack on Kinburn forts, 112;
victory of armoured batteries, 112;
armour unpierced, 113;
Admiral Popoff’s floating fortresses, 180
Floating castle, 175
Floating hells, 76
Forced draught invented, 86
Fore River Co., 311
Forty-banked ships, 7
Franco-Prussian War: Fight between gunboats Bouvet and Meteor, 211
Freeboard, 163;
raised by sunk forecastle, 164;
high, 252
French and Dutch two-and three-deckers, 57
French Emperor and Ericsson, 109
French rifled breech-loading guns, 275
Frigates, 57, 59, 91, 95
Fulton, Robert, 82, 291
Galleys first with guns, 42
Garrett, 299 (see Submarines)
German warships for Turkey, 74
Germany’s modern Navy begun, 194
Gibson’s Report on the Navy (1603), 72
Gokstad ship, 16
Grappling irons, 6
Great ships, 43
Greater space between decks, 55
Greek fire, 11, 39, 289
Greeks as warship builders, 7
Grenville, Sir Richard, 206
Griffiths’ propeller, 125, 147
Gunboats, 241;
shallow river, 90;
in action, 113
Gun carriages, improvements in, 119, 126 (see Carronades)
Gunfire at Tsushima:
Japanese effective range, 237;
Russians’ shorter range, 238;
proportion of Japanese hits over Russian, 238;
concentration of rapid fire, 238
Gunfire, modern:
range, rapidity and weight, 322, 323;
discharge, 281;
internal pressure, 281;
Sir Andrew Noble’s experiments, 281
Gunports: Too near water, 49 higher, 147, 252
Head-hunters’ war canoes, 26, 31, 34
Henry V., naval progress under, 43
High displacement barbette ships, 248
High freeboard barbette type, 247
Hogging and sagging, 10
Howitzers, 189
Huascar:
Dimensions, armour and armament, 201;
mutiny, 201;
duel with British cruisers Shah and Amethyst, 201, 202;
surrender to Peruvian Government, 202;
re-boilered, 203;
rams and sinks Esmeralda, 205;
nearly torpedoes herself, 204
Human heads fired from cannon, 73
Human trophies on war canoes, 25
Hurricane at Samoa: H.M.S. Calliope’s struggle for the open sea; six American and German warships wrecked, 257
Iliad catalogue, 2
Importance of accurate gunfire, 158
Improvised warships, 114
(see American Civil War)
Increased range of gunfire, 194
Indian war canoes, 22
Infernals, 58
Internal combustion engines, 304
Iron armour, 83
Ironclad, first ship designed, 81
Ironclad rams in action (see Tennessee, Merrimac, Monitor; also Terribile and Formidabile), 153
Ironclads, conversion from wooden ships, 146;
first European in action, 152
Iron-framed vessels, 138
Iron shipbuilding advocated, 90
Iron war steamers: H.M.S. Trident, first ever built, 99
Italian fleet at Lissa, 152
Japanese:
Junks, 37;
protected galleys, 37;
modern ships:
first ironclad frigate, 233;
first built by Japan, 234
(see Tsushima)
Kane, Captain, 257
Keel, steel built, 165
Kinburn, 108;
problems created by failure of attack, 108;
inauguration of the struggle between guns and armour, 108;
French Emperor favours small ironclads, 109
King Alfred’s ships, 17
King Charles’s ships (1633), 55
Laird, J., 90, 91, 99, 306
Last British paddle frigate, 97
Last British single turret ship, 246
Last British wooden battleship, 116
Legendary expeditions, 2
Letters of marque, 48
Lime dust as missile, 20
Limit of thickness of iron armour, 176
Lowering bulwarks, 151, 172
Low freeboard ships, 160, 244
Maudslay’s, 98, 102, 116
Machine guns, 284
Machines for hurling stones, 39, 40
Main deck battery divided, 174, 175
Malay:
Pirates’ dug-outs, 32;
fighting decks, proa, 33
Mediterranean and Atlantic coast vessels compared, 16
Merrimac:
Steam frigate, 125;
visit to England, 124;
dimensions, 125;
boilers and engines, 125;
equal of any European vessel, 125;
system of construction, 125;
sail area, 125;
heavy armament, 126;
peculiar gun mountings, 126;
burnt by Federals, 127;
raised, altered and refitted by Confederates, 127;
railway-iron armoured casemate, 127;
her destructive trial trip, 128;
duel with Monitor and gunboats, 128, 131, 132, 133, 137;
scuttled by commander, 133
Military mast, 166
Millwall Ironworks, 122
Modern guns and ships in war, 236
Modern heavy artillery construction, 282
Monitor:
Ericsson’s tender, 128;
officials’ interference with plans, 129;
derision and abuse, 129;
change in naval construction inaugurated by, 129;
as ram, 129;
Admiral Porter’s advocacy, 130;
peculiar shape, 131;
narrow escape, 131;
why name chosen, 131;
armament and armour, 131;
duel with Merrimac, 128, 131-3;
steering gear and anchor
out of reach of hostile fire, 133;
lost in rough weather, 133
Monitor:
in Prussian-Danish War, 151;
coast defence, 182;
double turreted, 151, 153;
craze for, 144
Mortar boats, 114
Napier, Sir C., 90
Napoleon I., proposed rescue from St. Helena, 293
Naval artillery: Later developments, 273
Naval corruption, 221
Necessity of armour protection, 146
New Georgia canoes, 31
New Guinea Lakatoi, 29
New Zealand (Maori) war canoes, 25 et seq.
Noble, Sir A., 281
Nordenfeldt, Dr., 299
(see Submarines)
Number of rowers in banked ships, 9
Oblong iron forts on steam rafts, 199
Old ships re-armed, 243
“One-ass power,” 15
Oscillating paddles, 81
Outriggers, 24, 25
Paddles:
Boxes and wheels, objection to, 81, 97;
frigates with, 96, 97, 106;
gunboats in action, 113;
trials against screws, 98;
war steamers with, 95;
war junks with, 35;
sponsons extended to carry cannon, 97
Palliser, Major, 274
Palmer’s, 306
Parodus, 6
Passengers called on to fight, 77
Penn, John, and Sons, 103, 178
Pett, Phineas, 54, 57
Phœnicians’ connection with Britain, 15;
war galleys, 6
Pickled human heads, 49
Pioneer of modern battleship, 244
Portholes, invention of, 42, 49;
plated ports, 120;
reduced size, 120;
diagonal plates, 125
Privateers, 140
Projectiles:
Armour-piercing, 265, 273;
Bessemer steel, 267;
Dutch cheeses, 76;
flat-headed, 268;
human heads, 73;
anti-war shell, 268;
Palliser, 164, 269, 274;
Whitworth, pointed and cylindrical, 274;
studded, 277;
steel, 268;
stone cannon balls, 40;
solid and hollow shot, 126;
resistance of armour to, 322-3;
lead-coated, 274;
velocity, 272;
weight, 274;
elongated shell, 85, 86
Propellers:
Adjustable, 123;
advantages, 148;
Dudgeon’s, 148;
Ericsson’s screw, 92;
Griffiths’, 125, 147;
Smith’s, 92;
Mangin, 122;
twin screws, 138, 148, 173;
adoption by Admiralty, 150;
first British twin screw ironclad, 150;
twin screw in United States of America, 125
Proposal to subject Cerberus to gunfire with crew on board, 184, 185
Protected ships (Japanese), 37
Queen Elizabeth and Navy, 50, 51;
second embassy to Turkey, 53
Rafts, 21
Railway locomotives as marine engines, 106
Raleigh, Sir Walter, as critic, 55
Ram, 5, 6, 7, 10, 119, 172, 190, 205
Ramberges, 44
Range-finding tower, 259
Rapid building, 192, 247
Ratings, 57, 59
Recessed ports, 150, 172
Reed, Mr., afterwards Sir E., 195
Remarkable French ironclads, 190-1
Rennie, J. and G., 94
Report on Royal Navy (1552), 50
Resistance of armour to projectiles, 322-3
Robinson and Russell, 98, 113
Russell, Scott, 90, 120
Russo-Japanese War:
Russian fleet’s departure for the Far East, 236;
British trawlers or Japanese torpedo boats, 236;
Russian fleet’s slow speed, 236;
going to destruction, 236;
Japan’s ships’ superior speed, 237;
Russians reach Japanese waters, 236;
sudden Japanese attack, 237;
Russian ships overloaded and filthy, 237;
Japanese gunnery superior, 237;
Russians defeated in two hours, 237;
Admiral Togo’s objects, incidents of the battle, 239-40
Russo-Turkish War:
Value of torpedo to Russians, 200;
powerful Turkish fleet, 212;
Turkish ships torpedoed, 212-3;
naval encounter, 214
Ruthven’s hydraulic propulsion, 186;
experiments, 187-8
Sailers converted into steamships, 105
Sailing warships with attendant steamers, 95, 107
Sakers, 74
Samoan war canoe, 26
Samuda, 194, 233
“Sappy timbers and rotten planking,” 241
Scouts, combination of gunboat, cruiser and destroyer, 311;
English and American, 311
Sea-fights of the Crusades, 14
Sea-going turret ship, 193
Secondary armaments, 251, 252, 303
Semmes, Capt. R., 140
Seppings, Sir R., 65
Serpentines, 45
Seventeenth century cannon, 74
Screws (see Propellers)
Shark’s-mouth rudders, 149
Shields of basket work, 6, 15
Ships Mentioned:
Aaron Manby, 90
Abyssinia, 183
Achilles, 172
Acorn, 310
Actinaut, 288
Active (1822), 89
Admiral Popoff, 180
Adventure, 60
Adventure (scout), 311
Affondatore, 153
Agamemnon (1853), 105
Agamemnon (1906), 252, 317
Agincourt (1865), 122, 167
Alabama, 141
Albatross, 185
Albatross (1899), 306
Albemarle (Confederate), 134, 286
Alecto, 98
Alexander III. (Russian), 238
Alexandra, 174, 216
Almirante Cochrane, 203, 296
Almirante Condell, 209, 210
Almirante Lynch, 209, 210
Amethyst, 201
Amphion (1895), 253
Antelope (Queen Elizabeth), 52
Archimedes, 92
Arethusa (1895), 253
Ark Royal, 52
Arrogant, 103
Arminius, 194
Ascension (Queen Elizabeth), 53
Assar-i-Chevket, 214
Assar-i-Tewfik, 212
Ataka Maru, 37
Atlanta (Confederate), 133
Atlanta (United States), 222
Audacious, 173
Avni-Illah, 212
Azazieh, 212
Bacchante, 256
Baltimore (United States), 224, 225, 227
Bangor (United States), 123
Barfleur, 260
Basilisk, 99
Battle Animal, 5
Beacon, 216
Beagle, 310
Bellerophon (1865), 148, 163, 172
Bellerophon (1907), 317
Belier, 163
Beloved of Amon, 5
Benbow, 245
Berenguela (Spanish, 1865), 198
Birkenhead, 99, 100
Bittern, 216
Black Eagle, 102
Black Galley, 51
Black Prince (1860), 129, 158
Black Prince (1904), 261
Blanco Encalada, 203, 296 et seq.
Bolivar (Venezuelan), 173
Bombe (1885), 305
Bonaventure, 52
Borodino (Russian), 238, 239
Boston (United States), 222, 227
Boxer, 306
Brilliant (36-gun frigate), 60
Brooklyn (United States, 1862), 140
Brooklyn (United States, 1895), 233
Buenos Ayres (Argentine), 263
Cabral (Brazil), 199
Caledonia (1794), 64
Caledonian, 172
Calliope, 257
Camperdown, 245
Canopus, 250, 260
Captain, 160, 161, 183
Caracon, 46
Castilla (Spanish), 227
Centurion (1897), 248
Cerberus, 183, 184, 185, 243
Charleston (United States), 223
Chesapeake (United States), 60, 61
Chicago (United States, 1883), 222
Christopher Spayne, 43
Collingwood, 317
Colombo (Brazil), 199
Colossus (1882), 244
Colossus (1911), 318, 320
Columbia (United States), 225
Comet (1821), 89
Commerce de Marseilles (French), 63
Comus, 257
Concord (Spanish), 228
Condor, 216
Congreve (French), 109
Conqueror (1882), 244
Conqueror (1911), 262, 318, 319
Constant Warwick, 57
Constellation (United States), 60
Constitution (United States), 60, 61
Courageux, 58
Covadonga (Chilian), 197, 205, 206
Cressy, 261
Cristobal Colon (Spanish), 232
Cushing (United States), 224
Cygnet, 216
Dandolo (Italian), 152, 177
Danton (French), 325
Dantzig (Prussian), 98
Daring, 306
Dartford, 261
David (Confederate), 136, 294
Decoy, 216
Delaware (United States), 325
Demologos, 82
Desperate, 306
De Tygre (Dutch), 193
Devastation (1869), 161 et seq., 176, 243
Dévastation (French, 1854), 109
Devonshire, 260
Diamond (1874), 256
Dictator, 138
Dolphin (United States), 222
Don Antonio de Ulloa (Spain), 229
Doncaster, 81
Don Juan (Austrian), 153
Dover, 93
Drache (Austrian), 153
Drake (1902), 260
Dreadnought (Caledonia), 64
Dreadnought (Queen Elizabeth), 52
Dreadnought (turret), 244, 240, 171, 176
Dreadnought (1906), 240, 313-321
Druid, 185
Duilio (Italian), 152, 177
Duncan, 250, 261
Dunderberg, 189
Duke of Wellington, 105
Dupuy de Lôme, 259
Dwarf, 94
“E,” 304
Edinburgh, 244
Edward, 47
Elburkah, 90
Elizabeth Jones, 52
Encounter, 103
Esmeralda (1865), 197
Esmeralda (1883), 258
Erebus (1854), 112
Ernest Renan, 263
Essex, 60
Faid Gihaad, 97
Far East, 150
Ferdinand Maximilian, 153, 155
Fingal, 133
Flora, 148
Foo-So (Japanese), 233
Formidabile (Italian), 153
Formidable, 250
Foudroyant (French), 109
Fulton the First, 82
Furor (Spanish), 232
Fury, 171
Gabriel Royal, 49
Garry Owen, 91
Gem of the Ocean, 225
George, 51
Glatton (1854), 111
Glatton (1869), 161, 182
Gibraltar (ex Sumter), 141
Gloire (French), 117-20
Glorious in Memphis, 5
Gorgon, 95
Goubet, 300
Grappler, 76
Grace de Dieu, 44
Great Britain, 93
Great Dragon, 17
Great Eastern, 93
Great Harry, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50
Greenock, 101
Guadeloupe, 91
Guerriere, 61
Gymnote, 300
Habsburg, 153
Handig Vlug, 241
Hardy, 274
Hartford (United States), 136
Hatteras, 141
Hebe, 149
Hebe (French frigate), 96
Hecate, 90
Hecla, 90
Hector (1860), 147, 172
Heiligerlee (Dutch), 192
Helicon, 172
Henry, 57
Henry Grace de Dieu, 44
Hercules (1866), 158, 173, 195, 243
Hercules (1911), 318
Hibernia (1790), 62
Holigost, 43
Holland, 295 et seq.
Holy Ghost, 44
Hood (1897), 247, 248, 321
Hornet, 306
Housatonic, 294
Huascar, 200 et seq.
Imperieuse (1881), 258
Inconstant (1869), 181, 257
Indiana, 232
Independencia (Peru), 202-206
Infanta Maria Teresa, 230, 232
Inflexible (1876), 175-8, 216, 241
Inflexible (1907), 261
Invincible, 58
Invincible (1876), 216
Invincible (1907), 253
Iowa, 233
Iris (1878), 253
Iron Duke, 173
Ironsides, 136
Janus, 306
Jesus, 43
Kaifu, 310
Kaiser (Austrian), 153
Kaiser Maximilian, 153
Katahdin, 222
Katherine, 57
Katherine Forteless, 50
Kearsarge, 141
Kearsarge (second), 225
Kentucky, 225
Key-ing, 35
King Edward VII., 251
King George (Greek), 194, 212
Kniaz Suvaroff, 238, 239
Krokodil, 192
Kron Prim, 194
Lady Nancy, 114
Lave (French), 109
Leander, 257
Leicester (galleon), 53
Leviathan, 58
Lightning (1823), 89
Lightning (1876), 302
Lightning (1894), 306
Lion (Queen Elizabeth), 52
Lion (15th century), 49
Liverpool, 261
Long Serpent, 18
Lord Clyde, 147
Lord Nelson, 314, 317
Lutfi-Djelil, 213
Magdala, 183
Magenta (French), 191
Magnificent, 248-50, 261
Mahmoudieh, 212
Maine (1886), 224, 226, 255
Majestic, 248-50, 262, 314, 322
Maori, 310
Marie de la Cordeliere, 45
Mary, 173
Mary Florence, 207, 208
Mary Rose, 49, 50, 52
Mastiff, 274
Megæra, 99
Merchant Royal, 53
Mercury (1878), 253
Mermaid (1842), 94
Merrimac, 124 et seq.
Messoudiye, 175, 212
Miantonomoh, 189
Minos Geraes, 324
Minin, 179
Minneapolis, 225
Minotaur (1865), 122, 147, 148, 158
Minotaur (1906), 261
Mohawk, 308
Moltke, 326
Monarch (1868), 159-61, 183, 216, 244
Monarch (1911), 318-20
Monitor, 92 (see Index)
Monkey, 89
Mouette (French), 113
Mrs. Grand, 50
Mute, 292
Nahant, 133
Naugatuck, 137
Nautilus, 291
Nemesis, 91
Neptune, 103
Neptune (1911), 318-20
Niger, 99
Nile, 244, 246, 321
Nix (Prussian), 113
Nonpareil, 52
Northumberland (1865), 122, 147, 148, 243
Novelty, 92
Novgorod, 180
Numancia (1864), 192, 197, 230
Ocean, 172
O’Higgins, 208
Old Ironsides, 61, 136
Olympia, 227
Onondaga, 190
Oquendo, 230
Oregon, 226, 233
Orel, 238, 239
Orion, 317, 318, 321
Orkanieh, 212
Osliabya, 239
Osmanieh, 212
Pallas (armour plate), 172
Pallas (36-gun frigate), 60
Pelayo, 230
Penelope (1843), 96
Penelope (1867), 150, 216
Peter the Great, 179
Phæton (1897), 254
Phœnix (British), 95
Phœnix (Stevens’), 82
Plongeur, 294
Pluton, 232
Powerful, 259
President (United States), 60
Prince (Prince Royal), 54
Princess Royal, 262
Princeton, 92
Prinz Eugen, 153
Quail, 306
Queen Mary, 262
Rainbow, 52
Raleigh, 227
Ramillies, 292
Rattler, 98
Rattlesnake, 305
Recruit, 113
Re d’Italia, 152
Re de Portogallo, 152
Regent, 45, 49
Reina Cristina, 227
Renown (1897), 248, 260
Research, 172
Resurgam, 295
Retribution, 106
Rhadamanthus, 90
Rio de Janeiro, 262
Rising Star, 88
Roccafortis, 20
Rochambeau, 189
Rolf Kraake, 151
Rossia (1896), 259
Royal Louis, 58
Royal Sovereign (1783), 63
Royal Sovereign (1861), 146, 243
Royal Sovereign (1897), 247, 248, 321
Royal William, 94
Rupert, 244
Rurik (1894), 259
Rurik (1906), 259
Salamander (Austrian), 153
Salamander (Prussian), 113
Salamander (1832), 89
Salem, 311
Sans Pareil, 245
Sapphire (1874), 256
Scorpion, 172
Scourge (United States), 124
Sea Devil (Russian), 294
Seraing, 186
Shah, 201
Shannon, 61
Shannon (1853), 105
Shenandoah (Confederate), 140, 143
Ship of Pharaoh, 5
Simoom, 99
Skeered-o’-Nothing (United States), 324
Southfield, 164
Sovereign, 45, 49
Sovereign of the Seas, 55
Speedwell, 51
Star, 306
Stromboli, 95, 114
St. Vincent (1909), 317
Submarine A1, 296
Success, 76
Sultan, 103, 167, 173
Sumter (Confederate), 140
Superb (1875), 175, 212, 216, 243
Superb (1908), 317
Superbe (French), 58
Swift, 309
Swiftsure (Queen Elizabeth), 52
Tartar, 309
Taureau, 163, 190
Temeraire (1876), 174, 216, 244
Temeraire (1907), 317
Tennessee (Confederate), 134
Terribile (Italian), 153
Terrible (steam frigate), 97
Terrible (1895), 259
Terror (1854), 110
Texas, 224, 225, 233
The Pitt, 76
Thetis, 113
Thunderbolt, 233
Thunderer (1869), 162, 171, 176
Thunderer (1911), 318, 319
Tonnante, 109
Trafalgar (1886), 246, 321
Transporter, 298
Trident, 99
Trinity, 44
Trinity Royal, 43
Triumph (1578), 51, 52
Triumph (1903), 251
Trusty (1854), 111
Tryeright, 51
Tsushima, 263
Turbinia, 306
United States, 60
Valorous, 97
Vanguard (1512), 52
Vanguard (1871), 173
Vanguard (1909), 317
Vesta, 214
Vesuvius, 95
Vesuvius (United States), 224
Victoria (Peruvian), 198
Victoria (Spanish), 230
Victoria (1859), 116
Victoria (1887), 245, 246
Victory, 52
Ville de Madrid, 198
Ville de Paris, 62
Viper, 188
Virginia, 124
Vixen, 188
Vizcaya, 230
Vladimir, 106
Von der Tann, 253
Vulcan, 303
Wampanoag, 256
Warrior, 118, 147, 243
Warspite (1881), 258
Waterwitch, 186
Weehawken, 134
Weser, 113
Whang-Ho, 35
Wyvern, 172
Yarra, 310
Yorktown, 223
Ysabel Segunda, 96
Shortland Island Canoes, 31
Simms, Lieut.-Commander W. S., U.S.N., 237, 312, 314
Slaves as rowers, 11
Sloops, 59
Solomon Island Canoes, 30, 31
Ship of 1486-50, 41
Ship construction:
Longitudinal, 120;
transverse, 120;
longitudinal watertight bulkheads, 171;
brass stern and rudder post, 182;
bracketed frames, 163;
sunk forecastle, 163
(see Freeboard)
“Ship of the Future,” 193
Ships with banks of oars, 7
Siamese native warships, 38
Soft-ended barbette ships, 244
Spanish-American War, 227 et seq.:
American Pacific fleet, 227;
Spanish naval force at Manila, 227;
American and Spanish fleets compared, 228;
Battle of Manila Bay, 228-9;
destruction of Spanish fleet, 229;
American Atlantic fleet, 230;
Spanish fleet, 230;
Admiral Cervera’s complaints, 230;
Spanish dash from Santiago; destruction of Spanish fleet, 230-3;
Admiral Sampson’s 4th July present to the nation, 231
Spanish Armada, 51
Spur gearing, 98, 101, 103
Sponsons as gun platforms, 97
Speed, 202, 236, 237, 238, 239, 253, 302;
rapid firing guns and increased speed, 304;
of destroyers, 306;
with turbines, 308;
objections to high speed, 308;
Invincible and Von der Tann, 254;
former’s speed, how obtained, 255;
speed retarded by marine growths, 257;
importance of, in armoured cruisers, 260;
turbine engines, 262;
length, beam, and speed, 263, 264
Stanhope, Lord, 87
Steam rotated circular fort, 86
Steel:
adopted by United States of America, 222;
protective deck, 146;
supplanting iron, 179, 181;
gradual adoption in warships, 241;
early steel warship, 241;
advantages over iron, 243;
heavy armoured steel ship, 244;
first battleships for British Navy, 244;
single-turreted battleships, 246;
armour 20 inches thick, 246;
Harveyised steel armour introduced in British Navy, 248;
Renown 10-inch armour stronger than Royal Sovereign’s 18-inch armour, 248;
hulls, wood sheathed, 259;
nickel steel armoured deck, 261;
chrome, 276
Steering gear:
protection, 133, 159;
lack of protection, 153;
first warship with steam steering gear, 123
Stevens’ floating battery, 83, 84;
ironclad ram, 138
Stitched canoes, 30;
planks, 21, 28
Stockton, Commodore R. F., 84, 128
Superiority of Dreadnoughts over pre-Dreadnoughts, 262
Swivel guns on paddle steamers, 126
Symonds, Captain, 173
Symonds, Sir W., 66
Submarines:
Hindrance to great speed, 285;
early experiments, 288-90;
diving boat of leather, 289;
friars as inventors, 290;
Abbé Borelli’s experiments, 290;
Bushnell’s American turtle, 291;
Fulton’s Nautilus, 291;
catamarans with floating mines, 291;
Fulton’s Mute, 292;
fatal experiments, 293;
Philipp’s cigar-shaped, 293;
first iron, 293;
Bauer’s submarines, 293;
he visits England and America, 293-4;
Sea Devil sunk, 294;
Davids show possibility of torpedo boats, 295;
Garrett’s Resurgam, 295;
Holland’s boats, 295-6;
adoption by Admiralty, 296;
Classes A to D: dimensions and engines, 297-8;
Japan’s submarines, 298;
steamer sunk to receive them, 298;
steam-engine “bottled-up,” 299;
Nordenfeldts, 299;
first to carry Whitehead torpedo, 299;
Turks and Nordenfeldt, 299;
French experiments with submarines, 300;
periscope, 300, 302;
British submarines’ voyage: England to Hong Kong, 301;
engines for, 301;
“Lake” submarines, 301;
submarine motor tour, 301;
submersibles, 302
Tahitian Pahi, 30
Tatnall, Commodore J., 132, 134
Tatnall, Midshipman Joseph: examination, 221
Targets (see Armour, Artillery)
Tegethoff, Admiral, 154
Thames Ironworks, 118, 194
Thorneycroft’s, 302, 306, 309
Ting, Chinese Admiral, 234-5
Togo, Admiral, 237
Torpedoes:
Spar, 285, 286;
torpedo possibilities compel recognition, 286;
American Civil War, 286;
Whitehead torpedo, 286;
range and speed of modern torpedoes, 287;
torpedo explosives, 288;
steering by “wireless,” 288;
cellular double bottoms as protection against, 152;
employment at Mobile, 139;
French experiments, 151
Torpedo boats:
Destruction of Albemarle, 134;
British and French experiments, 151;
in Russo-Turkish War, 214;
first British, 302;
parent ships, 303;
guns to repel attack by, 303-4;
internal combustion engines, 304
Torpedo gunboats, 305
Torpedo nets, 303
Torpedo tubes, 177, 249
Trials of H.M.S. Devastation (1873), 167
Triple canoes, 29
Tryon, Admiral Sir George, 245
“Tumble-home,” 42
Turret gunboats, 193
Turret rams, 177
Turrets:
Double-turreted ocean-going full-rigged ship, 159;
Captain Coles’s system, 146;
revolving, 146;
disposition of, 146-60;
v. broadside system, 151;
double-turreted monitor, 151;
Monarch and Captain, 161;
en echelon, 244;
oval, 277;
pear-shaped, 174;
Popoff’s, 180;
leaky American, 131;
Russian ships, 179;
turrets on spindles, 131, 163;
Captain Coles’s revolving rollers, 163;
superposed turrets, 225;
American twin turret, 225
Twentieth century ships, 285
Twin-screw steamer (1805), 81
Twin screws (see Propellers)
Two-deckers, etc. (see Ratings)
Ulysses’ ships, 1
Unarmoured ends (see Armour, Concentration of)
United States’ modern navy, 219;
“Antiquated and rotting ships,” 219;
America unprepared for naval war, 219-20;
Navy in 1879, 220;
advisory board, 1881, 222;
steel adopted, 222;
ram Katahdin, 222;
Congress recommendations, 222;
first vessels of new navy, 223;
Europe’s amused interest, 223;
16-knot vessels, Europe’s profound interest, 223;
the White Squadron, 223;
Charleston’s chase of filibusterer Itata, 224;
second-class battleship Texas, 224;
Maine, 224;
dynamite gunship, 224;
first armoured steel torpedo boat, 224;
first modern United States built cruiser, 224;
imported armour, 225;
superimposed turrets, 225;
Maine blown up, 226;
Oregon’s wonderful steaming feat, 226;
inventiveness, 225
(see also Spanish-American War)
Upper-deck battery, 173
Vickers, Sons and Maxim, Ltd., 259, 281
Vikings, 16
Waling pieces, 10
War junks with paddle wheels, 35
Warendorff, Baron, Sweden, 265
Warships built in private yards, 61, 62
Warships of the Crimea and Baltic, 105, 106, 115
Watertight compartments, 121
West Indiamen, 77
When to shoot, 73
White (Cowes), 309
Whitehead torpedoes, 213
Whitworth, Sir Joseph, 267, 276
Windward position (first manœuvre for), 19
Winslow, Capt., 141
Wooden walls’ last battles, 64, 139
Wooden warships converted into ironclads, 146, 147
Will war be impossible?, 268
William the Conqueror’s ships, 18
Yarrow, 303, 306
Yellow, metal, 268
Zalinski, Lieut., U.S.N., 224
Zédé, Gustave, 300

Warships and their story

About This Book

INDEX