§142. Venio iam: Dialectic had been already dealt with in 91—98 here it is merely considered with a view to the choice of the supposed sapiens, as was Ethical Science in 129—141 and Physics in 116—128. With the enumeration of conflicting schools here given compare the one Sextus gives in A.M. VII. 48 sq. Protagorae: R. and P. 132 sq. Qui putet: so MSS., Halm and Bait. putat after Lamb. Trans. "inasmuch as he thinks". Permotiones intimas: cf. 20 tactus interior, also 76. Epicuri: nn. on 19, 79, 80. Iudicium: κριτηριον as usual. Rerum notitiis: προληψεσι, Zeller 403 sq. Constituit: note the constr. with in, like ponere in. Cogitationis: cf. I. 30. Several MSS. have cognitionis, the two words are frequently confused. See Wesenberg Fm. to T.D. III. p. 17, who says, multo tamen saepius "cogitatio" pro "cognitio" substituitur quam contra, also M.D.F III. 21.
§143. Ne maiorum quidem suorum: sc. aliquid probat. For maiorum cf. 80. Here Plato is almost excluded from the so-called vetus Academia, cf. I. 33. Libri: titles of some are preserved in Diog. Laert. IV. 11—14. Nihil politius: cf. 119, n. Pedem nusquam: for the ellipse cf. 58, 116, Pro Deiot. 42 and pedem latum in Plaut. Abutimur: this verb in the rhetorical writers means to use words in metaphorical or unnatural senses, see Quint. X. 1, 12. This is probably the meaning here; "do we use the name Academic in a non natural fashion?" Si dies est lucet: a better trans of ει φως εστιν, ‛ημερα εστιν than was given in 96, where see n. Aliter Philoni: not Philo of Larissa, but a noted dialectician, pupil of Diodorus the Megarian, mentioned also in 75. The dispute between Diodorus and Philo is mentioned in Sext. A.M. VIII. 115—117 with the same purpose as here, see also Zeller 39. Antipater: the Stoic of Tarsus, who succeeded Diogenes Babylonius in the headship of the school. Archidemus: several times mentioned with Antipater in Diog., as VII. 68, 84. Opiniosissimi: so the MSS. I cannot think that the word is wrong, though all edd. condemn it. Halm is certainly mistaken in saying that a laudatory epithet such as ingeniosissimi is necessary. I believe that the word opiniosissimi (an adj. not elsewhere used by Cic.) was manufactured on the spur of the moment, in order to ridicule these two philosophers, who are playfully described as men full of opinio or δοξα—just the imputation which, as Stoics, they would most repel. Hermann's spinosissimi is ingenious, and if an em. were needed, would not be so utterly improbable as Halm thinks.
§144. In contionem vocas: a retort, having reference to 14, cf. also 63, 72. For these contiones see Lange, Romische Alterthumer II. 663, ed 2. They were called by and held under the presidency of magistrates, all of whom had the right to summon them, the right of the tribune being under fewer restrictions than the right of the others. Occludi tabernas in order of course that the artisans might all be at the meeting, for this see Liv. III. 27, IV. 31, IX. 7, and compare the cry "to your tents, O Israel" in the Bible. Artificia: n. on 30. Tolli: n. on 26. Ut opifices concitentur: cf. Pro Flacc. 18 opifices et tabernarios quid neqoti est concitare? Expromam: Cic. was probably thinking of the use to which he himself had put these Stoic paradoxes in Pro Murena 61, a use of which he half confesses himself ashamed in D.F. IV. 74. Exsules etc.: 136.
§145. Scire negatis: cf. Sext. A.M. VII. 153, who says that even καταληψις when it arises in the mind of a φαυλος is mere δοξα and not επιστημη; also P.H. II. 83, where it is said that the φαυλος is capable of το αληθες but not of αληθεια, which the σοφος alone has. Visum ... adsensus: the Stoics as we saw (II. 38, etc.) analysed sensations into two parts; with the Academic and other schools each sensation was an ultimate unanalysable unit, a ψιλον παθος. For this symbolic action of Zeno cf. D.F. II. 18, Orat. 113, Sextus A.M. II. 7, Quint. II. 20, 7, Zeller 84. Contraxerat: so Halm who qu. Plin. Nat. Hist. XI. 26, 94 digitum contrahens aut remittens; Orelli construxerat; MSS. mostly contexerat. Quod ante non fuerat: καταλαμβανειν however is frequent in Plato in the sense "to seize firmly with the mind." Adverterat: the best MSS. give merely adverat, but on the margin admoverat which Halm takes, and after him Bait.; one good MS. has adverterat. Ne ipsi quidem: even Socrates, Antisthenes and Diogenes were not σοφοι according to the Stoics, but merely were εν προκοπηι; see Diog. VII. 91, Zeller 257, and cf. Plut. Sto. Rep. 1056 (qu. by P. Valentia p. 295, ed Orelli) εστι δε ουτος (i.e. ‛ο σοφος) ουδαμου γης ουδε γεγονε. Nec tu: sc. scis; Goer. has a strange note here.
§146. Illa: cf. illa invidiosa above (144). Dicebas: in 22. Refero: "retort," as in Ovid. Metam. I. 758 pudet haec opprobria nobis Et dici potuisse et non potuisse referri; cf. also par pari referre dicto. Ne nobis quidem: "nor would they be angry;" cf. n. on. I. 5. Arbitrari: the original meaning of this was "to be a bystander," or "to be an eye-witness," see Corssen I. 238. Ea non ut: MSS. have ut ea non aut. Halm reads ut ea non merely, but I prefer the reading I have given because of Cicero's fondness for making the ut follow closely on the negative: for this see Madv. Gram. 465 b, obs.
§147. Obscuritate: cf. I. 44, n. on I. 15. Plus uno: 115. Iacere: cf. 79. Plagas: cf. n. on 112.
§148. Ad patris revolvor sententiam: for this see Introd. 50, and for the expression 18. Opinaturum: see 59, 67, 78, 112. Intellegat se: MSS. intellegentes, cf. n. on 132. Qua re: so Manut. for per of MSS. Εποχην illam omnium rerum: an odd expression; cf. actio rerum in 62. Non probans: so Madv. Em. 204 for MSS. comprobans. Dav. conj. improbans and is followed by Bait. I am not sure that the MSS. reading is wrong. The difficulty is essentially the same as that involved in 104, which should be closely compared. A contrast is drawn between a theoretical dogma and a practical belief. The dogma is that assent (meaning absolute assent) is not to be given to phenomena. This dogma Catulus might well describe himself as formally approving (comprobans). The practice is to give assent (meaning modified assent). There is the same contrast in 104 between placere and tenere. I may note that the word alteri (cf. altero in 104) need not imply that the dogma and the practice are irreconcilable; a misconception on this point has considerably confirmed edd. in their introduction of the negative. Nec eam admodum: cf. non repugnarem in 112. Tollendum: many edd. have gone far astray in interpreting this passage. The word is used with a double reference to adsensus and ancora; in the first way we have had tollere used a score of times in this book; with regard to the second meaning, cf. Caes. Bell. Gall. IV. 23, Bell. Civ. I. 31, where tollere is used of weighing anchor, and Varro De Re Rust. III. 17, 1, where it occurs in the sense "to get on," "to proceed," without any reference to the sea. (The exx. are from Forc.) This passage I believe and this alone is referred to in Ad Att. XIII. 21, 3. If my conjecture is correct, Cic. tried at first to manage a joke by using the word inhibendum, which had also a nautical signification, but finding that he had mistaken the meaning of the word, substituted tollendum.
[1] De Leg. II. §3.
[2] Cf. De Or. II. §1 with II. §5.
[3] Ad Fam. XIII. 1, Phaedrus nobis,... cum pueri essemus, valde ut philosophus probabatur.
[4] N.D. I. §93, Phaedro nihil elegantius, nihil humanius.
[5] Ad Fam. XIII. 1.
[6] Brutus, §309.
[7] Ad Att. II. 20, §6.
[8] Ad Fam. XIII. 16. T.D. V. §113. Acad. II. §115.
[9] Brutus, §306.
[10] Ibid.
[11] Rep. I. §7. T.D. V. §5. De Off. II. §§3,4. De Fato, §2.
[12] Cf. Brutus, §§312, 322.
[13] Cf. Brutus, §§312, 314, 316.
[14] Brutus, §315.
[15] N.D. I. §59.
[16] VII. I. §35.
[17] Cf. N.D. I. §93 with Ad Fam. XIII. 1, §1.
[19] D.F. V. §3.
[20] D.F. I. §16.
[21] D.F. V. §6, etc.
[22] D.F. V. §8.
[25] Ad Att. XIII. 19, §5.
[27] Ac. II. §113. De Leg. I. §54.
[29] Brutus, §316.
[30] Hortensius, fragm. 18, ed. Nobbe.
[31] T.D. II. §61.
[32] De Div. I. §130.
[33] D.F. I. §6.
[34] Ad Att. I. 10 and 11.
[35] Ibid. II. 1, §3. N.D. I. §6.
[36] Ad Att. II. 2.
[37] Ibid. I. 20. Cf. II. 1, §12.
[38] II. 6.
[39] Ad Att. II. 7 and 16.
[40] Ibid. II. 6, §2.
[41] Cf. Ad Att. IV. 11 with IV. 8 a.
[42] Ibid. IV. 10.
[43] Ibid. IV. 16, §2.
[44] Ibid. IV. 16 c, §10, ed. Nobbe.
[45] Ad Qu. Fr. II. 14.
[46] Ad Qu. Fr. III. 5 and 6.
[47] §332.
[48] Ad Fam. XIII. 1. Ad Att. V. 11, §6.
[49] Ad Att. V. 10, §5.
[50] De Off. I. §1.
[51] Tim. c. 1.
[52] Cf. Tim. c. 1 with De Div. I. §5. Brutus, §250.
[53] Ad Att. VI. 1, §26.
[54] Ibid. VI. 2, §3.
[55] Ibid. VI. 6, §2.
[56] Ibid. VI. 7, §2. Ad Fam. II. 17, §1.
[57] T.D. V. §22.
[58] Ad Att. VII. 1, §1.
[59] Ibid. VII. 3, VIII. 11.
[60] Ad Att. X. 8, §6.
[61] Ibid. VIII. 2, §4.
[62] περι ‛ομονοιας, Ad Att. IX. 9, §2, etc.
[63] Ibid. IX. 4, §2; 9, §1.
[64] Ibid. IX. 10, §2.
[65] Ad Fam. IX. 1.
[66] Ibid. IX. 3.
[67] Ibid. IV. 3 and 4.
[68] De Rep. I. §7. T.D. V. §5, etc.
[69] Cf. N.D. I. §6.
[73] De Div. II. §1. Ac. I. §45, etc.
[74] N.D. I. §1.
[75] Cf. esp. N.D. I. §5. T.D. II. §5.
[76] De Div. II. §1. N.D. I. §7, etc.
[77] T.D. II. §4.
[78] N.D. I. §10.
[79] Cf. Ac. II. §8. N.D. I. §§10, 66.
[80] T.D. II. §9.
[81] N.D. I. §10.
[82] Ibid. I. §17. Ac. II. §§120, 137.
[83] T.D. V. §33.
[85] T.D. V. §82, libas ex omnibus.
[87] T.D. V. §11.
[89] N.D. I. §12.
[90] Parad. §2. De Fato, §3. T.D. I. §7. De Off. I. §3.
[91] D.F. IV. §5.
[92] Paradoxa, §2.
[93] T.D. I. §55. De Div. II. §62.
[94] T.D. V. §11. D.F. II. §§1 and 2, etc.
[96] Cf. esp. N.D. i. §6. Ac. ii. §§11 and 17.
[97] De Leg. I. §39.
[98] Ibid. I. §§55, 56.
[99] N.D. I. §4.
[100] T.D. IV. §53.
[101] Cf. De Off. III. §20.
[102] T.D. V. §§21-31, esp. §23.
[103] Ibid. V. §75.
[104] De Off. II. §35.
[105] T.D. V. §34.
[107] Paradoxa, §4. Ac. II. §§136, 137. T.D. III. §10.
[109] See esp. N.D. I. §§3, 4.
[110] Ibid., also T.D. V. §83.
[111] Grote's Aristotle, vol. I. ch. 11.
[112] T.D. IV. §9. D.F. III. §41.
[114] T.D. IV. §7.
[115] Ibid. IV. §7. Cf. D.F. II. §44, populus cum illis facit.
[116] Ac. I. §6. T.D. IV. 6, 7; II. §7; III. §33. D.F. III. §40.
[117] T.D. IV. §3.
[118] D.F. I. §§4-6. Ac. I. §10. D.F. III. §5.
[119] De Div. I. §§4, 5.
[120] D.F. III. §5. N.D. I. §8. T.D. III. §§10, 16.
[121] T.D. I. §5.
[122] T.D. II. §5.
[123] De Div. II. §1. De Off. II. §4.
[124] De Div. II. §6. De Off. II. §2.
[125] See esp. De Consolatione, fragm. 7, ed. Nobbe. T.D. V. §5. Ac. I. §11.
[126] N.D. I. §6.
[127] T.D. II. §§1, 4. De Off. II. §3. D.F. I. §1.
[128] T.D. II. §1. D.F. I. §§1, 3.
[129] D.F. I. §§1, 11.
[130] De Div. II. §5. De Off. II. §2. T.D. IV. §1.
[131] De Div. II. §4.
[132] N.D. I. §9. T.D. II. §1.
[133] De Div. II. §4.
[134] Ad Att. XII. 19, §1.
[135] Ibid. XII. 14, §3.
[136] Ibid. XII. 15, 16.
[137] Ibid. XII. 21, §5.
[138] Ibid. XII. 23, §2.
[139] Ut scias me ita dolere ut non iaceam.
[140] De Or. III. §109.
[141] Ad Att. XII. 28, §2.
[142] Cf. esp. Ad Att. XII. 40, §2 with 38, §3.
[143] Ibid. XII. 40, §2.
[144] Ibid. XII. 40, §5.
[145] Ibid. XIII. 26.
[146] Ibid. XII. 41, §1, also 42, 43; XIII. 26.
[147] Ibid. XII. 46.
[148] Ad Att. XII. 45, §1.
[149] Über Cicero's Akademika, p. 4.
[150] Cf. Ad Att. XII. 12, §2, where there is a distinct mention of the first two books.
[151] Ibid. XIII. 12, §3.
[152] Ibid. XIII. 19, §4.
[153] Ibid. XIII. 21, §§4, 5; 22, §3.
[154] II. §2.
[155] De Fin. Praef. p. lvii. ed. 2.
[156] Ad Att. XIII. 12, §3; 16, §1.
[157] Ibid. XVI. 3, §1.
[158] Ibid. XVI. 6, §4.
[160] D.F. I. §2.
[161] T.D. II. §4. De Div. II. §1.
[162] Cf. Krische, p. 5.
[164] Ad Att. XIII. 5, §1.
[165] Ibid. XIII. 32, §3.
[166] Ad Att. XIII. 33, §4.
[167] Ibid. XIII. II. §1.
[168] Ibid. XII. 42.
[169] Ibid. XIII. 16, §1.
[170] Ibid. XIII. 12, §3.
[171] Ibid. IV. 16a, §2.
[172] Ibid. XIII. 12, §3; also IV. 16a, §2.
[173] Ad Att. XIII. 12, §3.
[174] Ibid. XIII. 19, §4.
[175] Ibid. XIII. 12, §3.
[176] Ibid. XIII. 19, §4.
[177] Ibid. XIII. 12, §3; 19, §4; 16, §1.
[178] Ibid. XIII. 19, §3.
[179] Ad Att. XIII. 22, §1.
[180] Ibid. XIII. 19, §5.
[181] Cf. Ibid. XIII. 14, §3; 16, §2; 18; 19, §5.
[182] Ibid. XIII. 19, §5.
[183] Ibid. XIII. 25, §3.
[184] Ad Att. XIII. 24.
[185] Ibid. XIII. 13, §1; 18.
[186] Ibid. XIII. 13, §1; 18; 19, §4.
[187] Ibid. XIII. 12, §3. I may here remark on the absurdity of the dates Schütz assigns to these letters. He makes Cicero execute the second edition of the Academica in a single day. Cf. XIII. 12 with 13.
[188] Ad Att. XIII. 13, §1.
[189] Ibid. XIII. 19, §5.
[190] Ibid. XIII. 19, §3.
[191] Ibid. XIII. 25, §3.
[192] Ibid. XIII. 25, §3.
[193] Ibid. XIII. 21, §4.
[194] Ibid. XIII. 21, §5.
[195] Ad Att. XIII. 22, §3.
[196] Ibid. XIII. 24.
[197] Ibid. XIII. 35, 36, §2.
[198] Ibid. XIII. 38, §1.
[199] Ibid. XIII. 21, §§3, 4.
[200] T.D. II. §4. Cf. Quintil. Inst. Or. III. 6, §64.
[201] Ad Att. XVI. 6, §4. N.D. I. §11. De Div. II. §1.
[202] De Off. II. §8, Timæus, c. 1. Ad Att. XIII. 13, §1; 19, §5.
[203] Ad Att. XIII. 12; 16; 13; 19.
[204] Ibid. XVI. 6, §4. T.D. II. §4. N.D. I. §11. De Div. II. §1.
[205] Nat. Hist. XXXI. c. 2.
[206] Inst. Or. III. 6, §64.
[207] Plut. Lucullus, c. 42.
[209] Cf. Att. XIII. 19, §4.
[210] Lucullus, §12.
[211] Ad Att. XIII. 16, §1.
[212] Lactant. Inst. VI 2.
[213] Cf. esp. De Off. I. §133 with Brutus, §§133, 134.
[214] Esp. Pro Lege Manilia, §51.
[215] Brutus, §222.
[216] In Verrem, II. 3, §210.
[217] Pro Lege Manilia, §59.
[218] Pro Sestio, §122.
[219] Pro Sestio, §101.
[220] Philipp. II. §12.
[221] Ad Att. II. 24, §4.
[222] Pis. §6. Pro Sestio, §121. Pro Domo, §113. Post Reditum in Senatu, §9. Philipp. II. §12.
[223] Ad Fam. IX. 15, §3.
[224] Cf. Post Reditum in Senatu, §9. Pro Domo, §113.
[225] Pro Archia, §§6, 28.
[226] Cf. Ac. II. §9 with §80.
[228] Pro Plancio, §12. Pro Murena, §36. Pro Rabirio, §26. Pro Cornelia II. fragm. 4, ed. Nobbe.
[229] T.D. V. §56. Cf. De Or. III. §9. N.D. III. §80.
[230] Cf. esp. III. §173.
[231] Ibid. II. §28.
[232] Ibid. II. §§13, 20, 21.
[233] Ibid. II. §51.
[234] Cf. ibid. II. §74 with III. §127.
[235] Cf. II. §152 with III. §187.
[236] Ibid. II. §154.
[237] Brutus, §§132, 133, 134, 259. De Or. III. §29.
[238] Brutus, §132.
[239] De Or. II. §244. N.D. I. §79. Cf. Gellius, XIX. 9.
[240] De Or. II. §155.
[241] Ibid. III. §194.
[242] Cf. De Or. II. §68 with III. §§182, 187.
[243] De Or. I. §82 sq.; II. §360.
[244] Ibid. I. §45; II. §365; III. §§68, 75.
[245] §12, commemoravit a patre suo dicta Philoni.
[246] Cf. De Or. III. §110.
[249] Ibid.
[250] Ibid. §§12, 18, with my notes.
[251] Ac. II. §12: ista quae heri defensa sunt compared with the words ad Arcesilam Carneademque veniamus.
[252] See below.
[253] Ac. II. §§33—36 inclusive; §54.
[255] Cf. Ac. II. §§59, 67, 78, 112, 148, with my notes.
[258] Cf. II. §61 with the fragments of the Hortensius; also T.D. II. §4; III. §6; D.F. I. §2.
[259] Lactant. III. 16.
[264] Cf. II. §14 with I. §44, and II. §§55, 56.
[266] Cf. II. §31 with I. §45.
[267] II. §§17, 24, 26, 27, 29, 38, 54, 59.
[269] Cf. the words tam multa in II. §79.
[270] See II. §42, where there is a reference to the "hesternus sermo."
[272] Cf. II. §10: id quod quaerebatur paene explicatum est, ut tota fere quaestio tractata videatur.
[273] What these were will appear from my notes on the Lucullus.
[275] Ad Fam. IX. 8.
[276] Cf. Ad Att. XIII. 25, §3: Ad Brutum transeamus.
[277] This is not, as Krische supposes, the villa Cicero wished to buy after Hortensius' death. That lay at Puteoli: see Ad Att. VII. 3, §9.
[280] II. §80: O praeclarum prospectum!
[281] Cf. II. §9 with §128 (signum illud), also §§80, 81, 100, 105, 125.
[286] Cf. II. §§11, 12 with the words quae erant contra ακαταληψιαν praeclare collecta ab Antiocho: Ad Att. XIII. 19, §3.
[287] Varro, De Re Rust. III. 17.
[289] Paradoxa, §1. D.F. III. §8. Brutus, §119.
[292] Cf. Aug. Adv. Acad. III. §35. Nonius, sub v. exultare.
[293] Cf. the word nuper in §1.
[296] Ad Fam. IX. 8, §1.
[297] Ad Att. II. 25, §1.
[298] Ibid. III. 8, §3.
[299] Ibid. III. 15, §3; 18, §1.
[300] Ad Fam. IX. 1—8. They are the only letters from Cicero to Varro preserved in our collections.
[301] Above, pp. xxxvii—xlii.
[302] De Civ. Dei, XIX. cc. 1—3.
[303] See Madvig, De Fin. ed. 2, p. 824; also Krische, pp. 49, 50. Brückner, Leben des Cicero, I. p. 655, follows Müller.
[304] Cf. Krische, p. 58.