The Project Gutenberg eBook of Kinship Organisations and Group Marriage in Australia, by Northcote W. Thomas

48 The Darkinung have Bya for Muri (J. R. S. N. S. W. XXXI, 170).

49 Some of the Wiradjeri have Wōmbee for Kumbo (Gribble, 113).

50 Male descent.

51 Some of the names given by Howitt and Mathews seem to be identical with those of the Kiabara, but there is a difficulty about the arrangement, for Koorpal-Keeara=Yungnuru=Bunya-Jarbain; but Banniar, which seems to be the same as Bunya, falls in the other moiety.

52 Curr, II, 478.

53 Marinungo seems to be the same as Maringo but is not equivalent.

TABLE I a: XII. CLASS NAMES OF EIGHT-CLASS TRIBES.

Oolawunga 54 etc.	Bingongina 55		Umbaia 56	Yookala 57 etc.	Binbinga 58	Gnanji 59
Janna	Thama	}	Tjinum	Jinagoo	Tjuanaku	Uanuku
Nanakoo	Tchana	}	Ninum		Niriuma	Nuanakurna
	Nana

Jimidya	Tjimita		Tjulum	Joolanjegoo	Tjulantjuka	Tjulantjuka
Namaja	Namita		Nulum		Nurlum	Nurlanjukurna

Dhalyeree	Thalirri		Paliarinji	Bullaranjee	Paliarinji	Paliarinji
	Nalirri		Paliarina		Paliarina	Paliarina

Dhongaree	Thungarie		Pungarinji	Bungaranjee	Pungarinji	Pungarinji
	Nungari		Pungarinia		Pungarina	Pungarinia

Joolama	Tjurla		Tjurulum	Jooralagoo	Tjurulum	Uralaku
Nowala	Nala		Nurulum		Nurulum	Nuralakurna

Jungalla	Thungalla		Thungallum	Jungalagoo	Thungallum	Thungallaku
	Nungalla		Nungallum		Nungallum	Nungallakurna

Jeemara	Tjimara		Tjamerum	Jameragoo	Tjamerum	Tjameraku
	Nunalla		Niameragun		Niamerum	Niamaku

Jambijana	Tjambitjina		Yakomari	Yukamurra	Yakomari	Yakomari
Nambean	Nambitjina		Yakomarin		Yakomarina	Yakomarina

Worgaia 60	Yangarella 61	Inchalachie 62		Yungmunnie 63	Tjingillie 64
Wairgu	Narrabalangie	{	Narrabalangie	Unwannee	Thamininja
	Neonammer	{	Warkie	Imbannee	Namininja

Blaingunjhu	Bolangie		Bolangie	Eemitch	Tjimininja
	Nolangmer			Immadena	Truminginja

Biliarinthu	Bulleringie		Belyeringie	Uwallaree	Thalaringinja
	Nulyarammer			Imballaree	Nalaringinja

Pungarinju	Bongaringie		Beneringie	Uwungaree	Thungaringinta
	Nongarimmer			Imbongaree	Namaringinta

Warrithu	Burralangie	{	Burralangie	Urwalla	Tjurulinginja
	Nurralammer	{	Narechie	Imbawalla	Nalinginja

Kingelunju	Kunuller		Kungilla	Yungalla	Thungallininja
	Nungalermer			Inkagalla	Nalangininja

Tjameramu	Kommerangie	{	Kommerangie	Unmarra	Thamaringinja
	Nemurammer	{	Boonongoona	Inganmarra	Namaringinja

Ikamaru	Yakomari	{	Akamaroo	Tabachin	Tjapatjinginja
	Jumeyunyie	{	Thimmermill	Tabadenna	Nambitjinginja

{	Ilpirra 65
	Arunta
	Kaitish
	Iliaura

{	Warramunga 66
	Walpari
	Wulmala

Meening 67

Mayoo 68

Koorangie 69 etc.

Panunga

Thapanunga

Chowan

Chinuma

Janna

Napanunga

Nowana

Nanagoo

Nanakoo

Uknaria

Tjinguri

Choongoora

Jamada

Namigili

Nangili

Narbeeta

{

Bulthara

Tjapeltjeri

Chavalya

Dhalyeree

Kabidgi

Naltjeri

Nanajerry

Nabajerry

Appitchana

Appungerta

Thapungarti

Chowarding

Changary

Dhungaree

Napungerta

Nabungati

Nhermana

Purula

Tjupila

Chooara

Choolima

Joolam

Naralu

Nooara

Naola

Ungalla

Thungalla

Changally

Chungalla

Jungalla

Nungalla

Nangally

Nungalla

Kumara

Thakomara

Chagarra

Chapota

Jameram

Nakomara

Nagarra

Nemira

Umbitchana

Tjambin

Chambeen

Chambijana

Jummiunga

Nambin

Nambeen

Nambjana

54 Mathews in Proc. R. G. S. Qu., X, 72.

55 Northern Tribes, 101.

56 Ib., 100, cf. J. R. S. N. S. W., XXXIV, 121; XXXIX, 105.

57 Mathews in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XXXVIII, 77.

58 Northern Tribes, 111.

59 Northern Tribes, 101.

60 Northern Tribes, 101.

61 Mathews in J. R. S. N. S. W., XXXII, 251.

62 Mathews in J. R. S. N. S. W., XXXIII, 111.

63 Mathews in J. R. S. N. S. W., XXXIV, 130.

64 Northern Tribes, 100; cf. Am. Anth., N. S. II, 495; Proc. R. G. S. Qu., XVI, 72, 73.

65 Native Tribes, 90; cf. Proc. R. S. Vict., N. S. X, 19; T. R. S. S. A., XIV, 224; J. R. S. N. S. W., XXXII, 72.

66 Northern Tribes, 100; cf. J. A. I., XVIII, 44; J. R. S. N. S. W., XXXII, 73.

67 Mathews in J. R. S. N. S. W., XXXIII, 112; XXXV, 217.

68 Mathews in Proc. R. G. S. Qu., XVI, 70.

69 Mathews in Am. Phil. Soc., XXXVIII, 78.

TABLE II.

Phratry Names.

	Phratries	Meanings	Name of Tribe
1.	†Waa(ng)	Crow	Wurunjerri 70
	Bunjil or Wrepil	Eaglehawk
2.	Yuckembruk	"	Ngarrego 71
	Merung
3.	Umbe	Crow	Wolgal 72 etc.
	Malian or Multa	Eaglehawk
4.	Muquara Kilpara	"	Berriait 73, Tatathi 74, Wathi-Wathi74, Keramin 75, Waimbio 76, Barkinji 77, Milpulko 78, Wilya78, Itchumundi 79
5.	Kumit (Gamutch, Kaputch, Kulitch)	Black cockatoo
	Kroki (Krokitch, Krokage)	White cockatoo	Booandik 80, Wotjoballuk 81, Gournditchmara 82 etc.

The feminine terminations are -egor, -gurk or -jarr.

For South-West Victoria Dawson (Aborigines, p. 26) gives two groups and an odd totem kin (?):

	Phratries	Meaning	Name of Tribe
6.	Kuurokeetch	Longbilled cockatoo
	Kartpoerappa	Pelican
	Kappatch	Banksia cockatoo
	Kirtuuk	Boa snake
	Kuunamit	Quail
7.	Kararu (Kiraru, Kararawa)		Dieri 83, Parnkalla & Nauo 84, Yandairunga 85, Urabunna 86
	Matteri
8.	Tinewa		Yandrawontha, Yowerawarika 87
	Koolpuru	(? Emu)
9.	Yungo	(? Kangaroo)
	Mattera		Kurnandaburi 88
10.	Kookoojeeba
	Koocheebinga		Geebera 89

The equivalence is not known.

11.	Koorabunna
	Kooragula		Goonganji 90

	Phratry
12.	Darboo*	Bloomfield River 91
	Tooar

*The equivalence is unknown.

	Phratry names.		Four-class system	Meaning
20.	Dilbi	Kupathin	Ia, IIIa†
21.	Budthurung (1)	Mukula	Ib	(1)=black duck
22.	Gwaigullean	Gwaimudthen	Ie	Light blood; dark blood
23.	Ngielbumurra	Mukumurra	Ic
24.	Ngumbun	Ngurrawan	Id
25.	Girana	Merugulli	If
26.	Deeajee	Karpeun	IIIb
27.	Witteru	Yungaru	IVa, b; Vb	(? Kangaroo; ? emu)
27a.	"	Yungo	Vf
28.	"	Mallera	Va, IXa
29.	"	Pakoota	Ve, IXb
30.	Naka	Tunna	Vc
31.	Walar	Murla*	VIIa	Bee; bee
32.	Cheepa	Junna	Vd
33.	Jamagunda	Gamanutta*	XIa
34.	Wartungmat	Munichmat*	XIVa	Crow; white cockatoo

			Eight-class system†
40.	Illitchi	Liaritchi	XIIa
41.	Uluuru	Biingaru	XIIc	(? Curlew)
42.	"	Kingilli	XIIb	(? Curlew)
43.	Wiliuku	Liaraku	XIId
44.	Urku	Ua	Xa

70 Howitt, p. 126.

71 Id. p. 101.

72 Id. p. 102, Lang, Secret, p. 163.

73 Curr, II, 165.

74 J. A. I. XIII, 338; Howitt, p. 195.

75 J. A. I. XIV, 349.

76 Taplin, p. 17; Howitt, p. 100.

77 J. A. I. XIV, 348; Curr, II, 188, 195.

78 Howitt, p. 98.

79 Id. p. 106 n. For the Kurnai, Bunjil and Ngarregal were perhaps phratry names (Howitt, p. 135).

80 Curr, III, 461; Howitt, p. 123.

81 Id. p. 121.

82 Id. p. 124.

83 Howitt, p. 91.

84 Woods, p. 222.

85 Howitt, p. 187.

86 Nor. Tr. p. 60.

87 Howitt, p. 97.

88 Howitt, p. 92; Mathews in J. R. S. N. S. W. XXXIII, 108.

89 Mathews in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XXXIX, 187.

90 Sci. Man, I. 84; Mathews in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XXXIX, 89; in J. R. S. N. S. W. he reports a third name in certain districts—Koorameenya.

91 Mathews in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XXXIX, 89.

TABLE III.

Allusion has been made in Chapter III to kinship organisations denominated "bloods" and "shades" by Mr R. H. Mathews. Whether it is that some observers have mistaken these for phratries or vice versâ, it seems that the names of the two classes of organisation are at present inextricably intermingled, as the following table shows:

Tribe	Phratry		Blood	Meaning
Itchmundi 92	Kilpara-Muquara	{	Mukulo-Ngielpuru Muggula-Ngipuru†	†Sluggish and swift blood
Wiradjeri 93	Mukula-Budthurung
Wonghibon 94	Mukumura-Ngielbumura

Wonghibon and Ngneumba	}	95	Ngumbun-Ngurrawan	Gwaigullimba-Gwaimudhan‡	‡Swift and sluggish blood
Euahlayi 96			Gwaigullean-Gwaimudthen	Light and dark blooded
Murawari 97			Girrana-Merugulli	Muggulu-Bumbirra§	§Sluggish and swift blood

92 Howitt, p. 106 n.; Mathews in J. R. S. N. S. W. XXXIX, 118.

93 Id. p. 107.

94 Id. p. 108.

95 Mathews in J. R. S. N. S. W. xxxix, 116. Eth. Notes, p. 5.

96 Mrs Langloh Parker, Euahlayi Tribe, p. 11.

97 Mathews in Proc. R. G. S. Qu., 1905, 52.

TABLE IV.

The areas covered by the different class and phratry names are not co-extensive, that is to say a class is associated with more than one phratry and vice versâ. The Undekerebina 98 and Yelyuyendi 99 have phratries (No. 29) which are usually associated with classes but in their case none have been noted. On the other hand it is not uncommon to find classes without the corresponding phratry names; this is the case in the eight class area, among the tribes of N. S. Wales, S. Queensland, etc.; but no special significance attaches to it unless we are certain that it is not the negligence of the observer nor the disuse of the names which has produced this state of things. On the other hand the relation of phratry and class areas is of the highest importance, as is shown in Chapter V. The following table shows the anomalies:

Tribe	Phratry	Class
Wiradjeri	21	I
Euahlayi	22	I
Ngeumba, Wonghi	23, or 24	I
Murawari	25	I
Kiabara, etc.	20	III
Dippil	26	III
Kuinmurbura, Kongulu	27	IV
Yuipera, Badieri, Yambeena, etc.	27	V
Kogai, Wakelbura, etc.	28	V
Woonamura, Mittakoodi, Miorli, etc.	29	V
Purgoma	30	V
Jouon	32	V
Miappe	29	VIII
Kalkadoon	28	VIII