The Project Gutenberg eBook of Southern Arabia, by Theodore Bent, F.R.G.S., F.S.A. & Mrs. Theodore Bent.

English	Arabic	Mahri	Sokoteri
What is she doing	Eish yamèlhu	Tum ul aisin	Inempt shüyet
I drink water	Ana sherab moye	Nehamel el tikhe	Ithkellare
You are very kind	Enta latif ketir	Meshiri meikin	Latif beyne
Do you know Mehri?	Enta taraf el Meheri	Arebuk Meheri	Ahruh Mehri
We talk Sokotri	Nahn natàllem el Sokoteri	Nahan natallùm Sokoteriote	Ik n‘atalam Sokoteria
Give me another	Gibli waḥad t̲h̲āna	Hateli tadrhaa	Abouli beladàtis
How many days from here to the sea?	Kam ayo‘om min hinna illa el bahr	Kam yom m‘boun ta heik	Kam yom menha afta‘a
Near the water	Garīb el moya	—	Lal diho

[15] When they wish to warn the camel not to knock against anything in a narrow place they cry 'Berri! Berri!'

LIST OF SOME OF THE ARABIC AND OTHER WORDS EXPLAINED IN THE TEXT

abba, 193
abr, 409
afrit, 199
ailb, 109
attar, 141
awwal, 41

batil, 277
b'dom, 109
brinjol, 141

ghail, 86
ghasl, 109
ghatrif, 248
ghi, 37, 260
gohb, 247 [A]
gourod, 306

habat-assoba, 141
halwa, 221
hárami, 116
horma, 212
helf, 141
herris, 426

jembia, 199

kabila, 140
kadhlb, 108
kafila, 85
kahwa, 34
kattira, 230
kayya, 116
kazbah, 120
kei, 245 [A]
kharrad, 145
khawah, 57
kho, 275 [A]
kourzan, 117
kutcha, 149

lahaf, 245
loess, 128
luthba, 86

medakdak, 81
madhar, 83
madibash, 19
majilis, 34
mangola, 336
masabam, 129
merghazi, 414
mersa, 291
miet, 248 [A]
mis'hap, 128
munkala, 336

nakhoda, 281

ohma, 245
ouft, 275 [A]

rack, 85
reis, 281
rezai, 245

saap, 145
salang, 19
sambuka, 220
shabib, 93
shur, 275 [A]
sirah, 19
siyar, 104
siyara, 104

tara, 21
tarsla, 336
tawilah, 5

whabba, 69

yusur, 294

zamouta, 141
ziara, 132
ziaret, 97

[A] These words are used by the Gara.

INDEX

Baboons, 412
Baggala, 8, 205
Bahrein, Islands of, 1 &c.;
- asses of, 3;
- coffee-pots, 5;
- pearl fisheries, 6;
- boats, 8;
- history, 9;
- wells in, 20, 40;
- springs, 14, 41;
- British protectorate, 13
Bahrein, Isa, Sultan of, 13. See also El Khalifa
Bahr-Safi, 129
Bakhrein, 82
Balfour, Professor, 343, 382
Barahout. See Bir Borhut
Basra, 83
Batil, 8, 229, 277
Batran, 298
Bazahel, 166
Bedja tribes in the Soudan, 301, 323, 354
Beni, 302
Bedouin, attack Maskat, 59;
- of the Hadhramout, 74, 73 &c., 93, 128, 213;
- the name, 128;
- religion of, 133, 261, 274;
- origin of, 249;
- of the Gara, 239 &c.;
- of the Soudan, 301 &c., 350;
- of Sokotra, 365 &c.;
- in Arabia, 426;
- dances, 129
Berenice, 291-2, 294, 296
Bir Baokban, 190
Bir Borhut, 138, 228, 282
Bir Lammas, 425
Bir Mighar, 401
Bisharin, tribe of, in the Sudan, 298, 301, 304 &c.
Boats, Arabian, 215, 220, 230, 277-8, 284, 288, 293.
- See Batil, Baggala, Houra, Sambuka
British. See Maskat, Persian Gulf, Sokotra
Bushire, 2
Butter-making in Sokotra, 336, 346
Buttra, 17, 35, 46, 66

Camels, in the Hadhramout, fed on fish, 81;
- in Dhofar, 244;
- in the Soudan, 330;
- in Sokotra, 368-9
Camel marks, 369, 438
Camoens, 254
Campbell Bey, 289
Carrei tribe, 247
Carter, Dr., 254
Cholmley, Mr. A., 288
Coral, 294

Darour, 290
Date-palms, stories concerning, 19;
- uses of, ib.;
- in the Hadhramout, 116
Derbat, 272
Dervishes in the Soudan, 293, 299, 304, 311-12, 326, 338
Dhofar, plain of, 233 &c.;
- products of, 235;
- antiquities in, 239;
- camels of, 244
Dianæ Oraculum, 266
Diodorus quoted, 318, 324
Dioscorides, name of Sokotra, 344, 363
Dirgheg, 407
Dis, 211
Dollars, Maria Theresa, 208, 239, 285, 414
Dragon's-blood tree, 344, 379
Dress of women, 95, 100, 110, 119, 136, 237, 349, 405, 424
Durand, Sir M., 9, 29

Eber, the prophet, 130, 132
Egyptians, ancient, in Arabia, 270;
- trade in frankincense, 234;
- in the Red Sea, 293;
- gold mines, 313, 318, 320 &c.
Egyptians, modern, on the Red Sea 293;
- in the Soudan 307, 309
El Hasa, 1;
- products of, 5, 38, 42
El Khalifa, family of, 12, 31, 35, 39
El Matra, 58, 68
Emerald mines, 296
Eratosthenes, 21
Erba, Mount, 314, 330
Eriosh, 354
Ethiopians, 302;
- in Sokotra, 354
Euphrates Valley Railway, 9

Fahdli tribe, 399, 400, 408 &c.
Farash, 169
Fereghet, 383
Frankincense, 224;
- in the Hadhramout, ancient trade in, 89 &c.;
- in Dhofar, 234, 245, 252 &c.;
- in Sokotra, 344, 380
French in the Persian Gulf, 60
French, Bishop, 68

Gara, mountains, 234;
- scenery of, 256 &c., 262 &c.;
- tribe, 244, 246 &c.;
- weapons of, 247;
- customs of, 257;
- women of, 258;
- religion, 260;
- language, 275
Gebaniti, tribe of the, 152
Geological notices, 211-12
Ghaida, 185
Ghail Omr, 170
Goddam, mountains of, 412, 421
Gold mines, Egyptian, 301, 313, 318 &c., 338
Graffiti, 333, 354

Hadai, 315
Hadendowa, 317
Hadhramout, valley of the, 71 &c.;
- population of, 79;
- meaning of the word, 71;
- plants of, 85, 108;
- physical features, 90, 108;
- castles, 106;
- Seyyids of, 115, 227, 280-2, 423
Hadibo. See Tamarida
Hagarein, 96, 98 &c., 103
Hagarein, Abdul, Sultan of, 98 &c., 103, 141, 282
Hagheri Ask, 401, 408
Haghier, Mount, 351, 368, 378
Haibel Gabrein, 90
Halaib, 290, 298
Hami, 210
Hamoumi tribe, 168 &c., 177, 186, 207, 283
Hamoumi, Sultan of the, 214
Hamram, 275
Hatasou, Queen, 270, 293
Haula, 362
Haura, 106
Haura, Sultan of, 282
Hazarmaveth, 72, 89, 95, 133
Herodotus, quoted, 21
Himyaritic remains, 49, 104, 166, 242, 402, 405, 413;
- civilisation, 71, 143
- inscriptions, 71
Hirsch, Herr Leo, 72
Hormuz, 10
Houri, 68, 292

Ibadhuyah. See Ibadiet
Ibadiet, sect of the, 50
Interpreters, 2, 209, 288, 317, 345-6, 364.
- See Saleh Hasan

Jabberi tribe, 151, 155 &c., 165
Jayaker, Dr., 69, 228
Jebel Akhdar, 229, 284
Jebel Erba. See Erba
Jebel Gabeil, 405
Jebel Sarrar, 407
Jedda, Consuls murdered at, 283
Jedid, 281;
- Sultan of, 277
Jinni, 219, 260, 273, 361, 415

Kabr Houd, 130, 139, 282
Kabr Saleh, 130, 139
Kadhoup, 357
Kaidoun, 97
Kalenzia, 346
Kamour, 150
Kanfar, 401-2
Karachi, 228
Kattira, 300
Kattiri tribe, 119, 127, 130, 139, 146-7, 277
Khaila, 93, 109
Khalifa, the, 287, 296
Khatiya, 270
Kho Rouri, 270
Khor Shinab, 307
Khoreba, 91, 92
Kilab tribe, 310, 316-7
Kishin, 277, 280;
- Sultan of, 280, 362
Koloe, ruins at, 241
Kosseir, 214, 220, 290;
- Sultan of, 282
Kufic remains, 300, 313, 316
Kurbab tribe, 311
Kutch, 284

Leprosy, 105
Locusts, 303, 306

Maaber, 219
Mahri tribe, 139, 236, 252-3, 277-8;
- in Sokotra, 343, 346, 362;
- language, 363-4, 366, 389, 393, 434
Makalla, 74 &c., 142, 224
Makalla, Manassar, Sultan of, 75 &c., 145, 224
Manamah, 3 &c.
Mandob, 161
Mansura, 241
Μαντειον Ἀρτἑμιδος, 241
Marco Polo quoted, 50, 344, 355, 362
Maria Theresa dollars, 208, 239, 414
Marriage ceremonies, 101
Mashonaland, 317, 337, 373
Maskat (See also Oman), 45 &c.
- description of, 46, 63;
- harbour of, 47;
- bazaars, 64;
- Portuguese at, 50 &c.;
- British in, 54, 55, 58;
- Sultans of, 54, 227, 358
Maskat, Feysul, Sultan of, 56, 61;
- visit to, 57, 229
Maskat, Tourki, Sultan of, 55
Massawa, 313
Maundeville, Sir John, 8
Medical experiences, 85, 110, 117, 136, 258, 282, 303, 348, 415-6
Merbat, 230 &c., 268-9
Merbat, Suleiman, Wali of, 231 &c., 268, 277
Mersa Halaib, 288
Meshed, 101-2, 105, 141
Miles, Colonel, 234
Minhali tribe, 139, 151, 155, 172, 277
Minqui, 266
Mirage, 401
Mis'hal, plain of, 421, 423 &c.
Mohammed Gol, 296, 301, 309
Moharek, 2;
- visit to, 13
Money of Oman, 61, 284
Morghani, sect of the, 298
Moscha, 253, 269, 270
Myos Homos, 290.
- See Kosseir
Myrrh in the Hadhramout, 77, 91;
- in Dhofar, 254

Naab, 412
Nahadi tribe, 105, 155
Naida, 184-5
Nearchus, Periplus of, 6, 21, 49, 259, 269, 344, 392
Nejd, 39, 142, 236, 264, 361
Nezweh, 47, 49

Oman, 8;
- History of, 49 &c.;
- Imams of, ib.;
- kingdom of, 235, 278;
- coins of, 284.
- See also Maskat
Omr, tomb of, 171

Parsees in the Hadhramout, 75, 77
Pearl fisheries, 6 &c., 54, 292
Periplus. See Nearchus
Persians at Bahrein, 11, 17;
- in Dhofar, 242
- Persian Gulf, British influence in, 13,
- 45 &c., 54, 59 &c.
- See Slavery, Maskat, Bahrein, Portuguese, Phœnicians
Phœnicians in Bahrein, 21 &c.;
- origin of the, 22
Piracy, suppression of, 55-6;
- in Sokotra, 344
Pliny, quoted, 21, 88, 92, 152, 293
Polygamy, 114
Portuguese, pearl fisheries, 6;
- at Bahrein, 10 &c.;
- at Maskat, 50 &c.;
- in Dhofar, 254;
- in Sokotra, 357, 363, 391-2
Portuguese buildings, 11, 17, 18, 49, 63
Ptolemaic period, 291-6
Ptolemy quoted, 88, 92, 241, 266, 272
Punt, land of, 234, 270, 344

Raida, 216-7
Rakhiout, 278
Ramazan, 218, 221, 224, 292
Ras Bagashwa, 220
Ras Bernas, 292, 295
Ras Dis, 220, 281
Ras Fartak, 281
Ras Hamar, 279
Ras Momi, 356, 368, 372, 375-6
Ras Risout, 245, 269
Red Sea, coast of, 290 &c., 340;
- slave trade in, 294
Riadh, 304
Risout, 233, 279
Rizat, 275
Robat, 240-1
Roe, Sir Thomas, 355
Rostok, 47
Rufa'a, 21;
- visit to, 33

Sa'ah, 162, 173
Sabæan trade in spices, 253-4;
- inscriptions, 125, 129, 135, 333;
- ruins, 49, 240, 265, 269
Sadler, Colonel Hayes, 228
Safi, King, 129
Sagan, 125
Saièhen, 371
Saihan, 373
Saihut, 142, 207, 233, 280-1
Salaka, 333
Saleh, the prophet, 132.
- See Kabr Saleh
Saleh Hasan, 73, 96, 102, 106, 109, 157, 182, 186 &c., 223
Sambuka, 220
Sarrar, 214-7
Sawakin, 290, 341
Sawakin Kadim, 300
Schweinfurth, Dr., 343, 391
Sedad, 67
Sellala, 331-4
Seyyids of the Hadhramout, 80
Shabwa, 91, 129, 142, 152
Shafi, sect of, 154
Sheher, 163, 171, 175, 200, 202 &c., 205 &c., 210, 281
Sheher, Hussein, Sultan of, 202, 222, 280, 281, 283
Shellal, 298, 303
Shendeh, 304
Shibahm, city of, 126, 142 &c.;
- castle of, 146
Shibahm, Salah-bin-Mohammad, Sultan of, 107, 111 &c., 162, 204, 282
Shukra, 425-7
Sief, 94, 101, 109
Siwoun, 119, 146
Siyar, Siyara, 104, 178, 202, 209, 283
Slave trade, 232;
- in the Persian Gulf, 60;
- in the Red Sea, 293, 308, 311
Slavery, Arab, 60, 80, 404, 408
Smyth, Captain, 288, 303, 320-2, 341-2
Snow, 423
Sobar, 49
Sokotra, inhabitants of, 280, 363, 369;
- history of, 343 &c., 391-2;
- geographical position, 345;
- language, 345, 357, 363-5, 439;
- antiquities of, 373-5, 379, 384;
- Christianity in, 344, 354;
- Portuguese in, 357, 363, 384, 391-2;
- English in, 363, 392-3;
- Greeks in, 392;
- scenery of, 368, 385, 396
Sokotra, Salem, Sultan of, 280, 362, 394
Solomon, 293
Somali, 89
Soudan, 287 &c.;
- Egyptian garrisons in, 290;
- slave trade in, 293, 311;
- gold, 325;
- population of, 301-2;
- mountains of, 315
Spain, annexations of Portugal, 49, 51
Sprenger, Aloys, quoted, 241-2, 247
Strabo, quoted, 293
Suakim. See Sawakin.
Sufeila, 186 &c.
Suk, 391, 394

Takha, 240, 268
Talismans, 426
Tamarida, 347, 361, 391
Tamimi tribe, 139, 151, 155 &c., 171, 177, 277
Terim, 119, 146
Terre Pleine, 289
Thumna, 152
Todin, 315
Tokhum, 83
Torisi, quoted, 49
Tourki, Sultan of Maskat, 235, 238
Turks, in Bahrein, 13;
- in the Persian Gulf, 51, 54;
- in Arabia, 235, 425

Uttubi, 11

Wadi Addattereh (Soudan), 335
Wadi Adim (Hadhramout), 90-1, 159, 169, 170 &c., 189
Wadi al Ain (Hadhramout), 144, 158
Wadi al Aisa (Hadhramout), 90 &c.
Wadi Ambaya (Soudan), 334
Wadi Banna (Fahdli), 401-6
Wadi bin Ali (Hadhramout), 159, 163 &c.
Wadi Doan (Hadhramout), 72, 90-1, 94, 104
Wadi Gabeit (Soudan), 310, 318, 320, 328, 333
Wadi Ghafait (Hadhramout), 84
Wadi Gherid (Hadhramout), 210
Wadi Ghersid (Gara), 256 &c.
Wadi Gumatyewa (Soudan), 315
Wadi Hadai (Soudan), 310, 316
Wadi Hadda (Fahdli), 421
Wadi Hadira (Hadhramout), 163
Wadi Hassan (Fahdli), 407, 409-10
Wadi Hayet (Soudan), 311, 328
Wadi Howeri (Hadhramout), 85-6, 163
Wadi Iroquis (Soudan), 315
Wadi Kasr (Hadhramout), 96
Wadi Khonab (Hadhramout), 130
Wadi Khur (Soudan), 330
Wadi Koukout (Soudan), 335
Wadi Latat (Hadhramout), 130
Wadi Mosila (Hadhramout), 219, 281-282
Wadi Nahast (Gara), 265
Wadi Reban (Fahdli), 418
Wadi Samluf (Fahdli), 427
Wadi Ser (Hadhramout), 126
Wadi Shekheri (Hadhramout), 219
Wadi Sherwin (Hadhramout), 218
Wahabi, sect of, 5, 12, 34, 54, 63, 361
Wali Abdullah-bin-Amr, feud of, 402 &c.
Wali Suleiman. See Merbat.
Wellsted, Lieutenant, 358, 393
Wingate, Colonel, 288
Wrede, Herr v., 72, 97, 129, 130, 155

Xavier, Francis, 355

Yafei (tribe in the Hadhramout), 75, 139, 143, 402 &c.
Yafei Boubakr-bin-Said, Sultan of, 402 &c., 408
Yarsahal, seal of, 151
Yehazahaz, 387

Zanzibar, 55-6, 229
Zimbabwe, ruins of, 407
Zoko. See Suk
Zufar. See Dhofar