Abased. Said of a charge when placed lower than its customary position.
Abatement. A supposed sign of degradation. (See Chapter XII.)
Accollée. Placed side by side.
Accosted. Side by side.
Achievement, or Achievement of Arms. Any complete heraldic composition.
Addorsed. Back to back.
Affrontée. So placed as to show the full face or front.
Alerion. A name sometimes given by early Heralds to the heraldic Eagle, which, when blazoned under this title, was also sometimes drawn without legs or beak. (See p. 97.)
Ambulant. In the act of walking.
Annulet. A plain ring; sometimes blazoned as a “false roundle”: in modern English cadency, the difference of the fifth son or brother: No. 154.
Annulettée. Ending in Annulets.
Antelope. Depicted by early Heralds in a conventional manner, but now generally rendered more naturally, the earlier type being termed the heraldic antelope.
Anthony, St. His cross is in the form of the letter T, No. 93.
Antique Crown. See Eastern Crown.
Appaumée. Said of a hand, when open, erect, and showing the palm: No. 215.
Arched. Bent, or bowed.
Archbishop. A prelate of the highest order in the English Church; his heraldic insignia are his Mitre, Crozier, and Pall. Next to the Royal Family, the Archbishop of Canterbury is the first subject in the realm; he is styled “Most Reverend Father in God,” “by Divine Providence,” and “Your Grace.” The Archbishop of York is third in rank (the Lord Chancellor being second), and his style is the same, except that he is Archbishop “by Divine permission.” Archbishops impale their own arms with those of their see, the latter being marshalled to the dexter.
Argent. The metal silver.
Arm. A human arm. When a charge, crest, or badge, it must be blazoned with full particulars as to position, clothing, &c. If couped between the elbow and the wrist, it is a cubit arm.
Armed. A term applied to animals and birds of prey, to denote their natural weapons of offence and defence: thus, a Lion is said to be “armed of his claws and teeth”; a Bull, to be “armed of his horns”; an Eagle, “of its beak and talons.”
Armory. Heraldry. Also, a List of Names and Titles, with their respective Arms.
Arms, Armorial Bearings. Heraldic compositions, and the Figures and Devices which form them. (See Chapter I.)
Arms of Community. Borne by Corporate and other Bodies and Communities, as cities, colleges, &c.
Arms of Dominion. Borne by Sovereign Princes, being also the Sovereign arms of the realms over which they rule.
Arms of Office. Borne, with the personal arms, to denote official rank.
Armes Parlantes. Such as are allusive to the Name, Title, Office, or Property of those who bear them: thus, Leaves for Leveson, a Castle for Castile, a Cup for Butler, Fish for those who derive revenues from Fisheries, &c. The more usual term is, however, “canting arms” (See Rebus: also page 15.)
Arrow. Is barbed of its head, and flighted of its feathers; a bundle of arrows is a sheaf; with a blunt head, it is a bird-bolt.
At Gaze. A term applied to animals of the chase, to denote their standing still, and looking straight forward: No. 167.
Attires, Attired. The antlers of a Buck, Stag, or Hart: having antlers. A Reindeer is represented in Heraldry with double attires, one pair erect, and the other drooping forward.
Augmentation. An honourable addition to a Coat of Arms, specially granted with a peculiar significance: thus, the “Union” Device of the British Empire, blazoned on an inescutcheon, is the “Augmentation” specially granted to the great Duke of Wellington, to be borne on the honour point of his paternal shield.
Augmented. Having an “Augmentation.”
Avellane. A variety of the heraldic Cross: No. 109.
Azure. The colour blue (indicated by horizontal lines): No. 52.
Badge. A figure or device, distinct from a crest, and capable of being borne without any background or other accessory. Badges are, however, often depicted upon a standard or roundle of the livery colour or colours. Badges were depicted as a sign of ownership upon property; were worn by servants and retainers, who mustered under the standards on which badges were represented. (See Chapter XV.)
Banded. Encircled with a band.
Banner. A flag, charged with the coat of arms of the owner, displayed over its entire surface. (See Chapter XVII.)
Banneret. A Knight who had been advanced by the King to that higher military rank which entitled him to display a banner.
Bar. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 81, 82.
Bars Gemelles. Barrulets borne in pairs: Nos. 83, 84.
Barbed. Pointed, as an arrow. The term is also applied to the small green leaves between the petals of heraldic roses. (See Rose.)
Barbel. A Fish borne as an allusive device by the family of De Barre: No. 162.
Barded. Having horse-trappings.
Bardings. Horse-trappings, often enriched with armorial blazonry. On the Great Seal of Edward I. the Bardings of the King’s charger for the first time appear adorned with the Royal arms. On both sides of the horse, the head is supposed to be to the dexter. An example is represented in the Seal of Alexander de Balliol, in Chapter XIV.
Barnacles, Breys. An instrument used in breaking horses. A rebus of Sir Reginald Bray, architect of St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, and repeatedly represented there: No. 216.
| see text | see text |
| No. 216.— Breys. | No. 217.— Circlet of a Baron’s Coronet. |
Baron. The lowest rank in the British Peerage. A Baron is “Right Honourable,” and is styled “My Lord.” His coronet, first granted by Charles II., has on a golden circlet six large pearls, of which four appear in representations, as in No. 217. An Irish Baron has no coronet. All a Baron’s children are “Honourable.”
Baron. A purely heraldic term signifying a husband, a wife in Heraldry being femme.
Baroness. A lady in whom a Barony is vested by inheritance in her own right; also, the wife of a Baron. In either case she is “Right Honourable”; is styled “My Lady,” and her coronet is the same as that of a Baron.
Baronet. An hereditary rank, lower than the peerage, instituted in 1612 by James I., who fixed the precedence of Baronets before all Knights, those of the Order of the Garter alone excepted. As originally created, all Baronets were “of Ulster,” or “of Nova Scotia”; afterwards all new creations were “of Great Britain”; now all are “of the United Kingdom.” The “Badge of Ulster,” generally borne as an augmentation upon a canton or small inescutcheon, is—Arg., a sinister hand, couped at the wrist and appaumée, gu.,—No. 215. The arms of Nova Scotia, which may be (but seldom are) similarly borne on a canton or inescutcheon, are—Arg., on a saltire az., the Royal arms of Scotland. (See No. 138.) By letters patent of James I., the wives of Baronets have the titles of “Lady, Madam, or Dame,” at their pleasure prefixed to their names.
Barrulet. The diminutive of a Bar.
Barrulée, Barruly. Barry of ten or more pieces.
Barry. Divided into an even number of Bars, which all lie in the same plane: Nos. 85, 86.
Barry Bendy. Having the field divided by lines drawn bar-wise, which are crossed by others drawn bend-wise: No. 119.
Bar-wise. Disposed after the manner of a Bar,—crossing the field, that is, horizontally. The term fessways is more usually employed.
Base. The lowest extremity: No. 27, B.
Basilisk. A cockatrice having its tail ending in a dragon’s head.
Basinet. A helm fitting close to the head.
Baton. A diminutive of the bend, couped at its extremities.
Battled, or Embattled. Having battlements, or bordered, as No. 38, F.
Beacon, or Fire Beacon. An iron case of burning combustibles set on a pole, against which a ladder is placed.
Beaked. Applied to birds, not of prey.
Bearer. An old Scottish term for a Supporter.
Bearing, Bearings. Armorial insignia, borne on shields.
Bell. Drawn, and generally blazoned as a church-bell, unless specified to be a hawk’s-bell.
Belled. Having bells attached.
Bend. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 111-115.
Bendlet. The diminutive of a bend: No. 117.
Bend-wise, or In Bend. Placed in the position of or arranged in the direction of a bend.
Bendy. Parted bend-wise into an even number of divisions: No. 116.
Besant. A golden “Roundle” or disc, flat like a coin: No. 151, and No. 140.
Billet. An oblong figure of any tincture: Billetée—strewn with “Billets”: Nos. 130, 146.
Bird. Many Birds appear in blazon, and they are represented both in heraldic tinctures and “proper”—in their natural aspect. (See Chapters VIII. and IX.)
Bird-bolt. An arrow with a blunt head.
Bishop. The Bishops are “by Divine permission,” and are styled “Right Reverend Father in God,” and “My Lord Bishop.” The Bishops of England and Wales are not Peers but are all “spiritual lords” of Parliament, some of the junior Bishops, however, having no seats. The Suffragan Bishops are merely assistant Bishops, and are not Lords of Parliament. The heraldic insignia of Bishops consist of a mitre and pastoral staff; they impale their official and personal arms, as do the Archbishops; and, like them also, they bear no crests, but they ensign their shields with a mitre.
Blasted. Leafless, withered.
Blazon. Heraldry: Armorial Compositions. “To blazon” is to describe or to represent any armorial Figure, Device, or Composition in an heraldic manner. Blazoning—Describing in heraldic language: also, representing in an heraldic manner. Blazonry—the representation of any heraldic Figure, Device, or Composition. But the distinction is in practice usually made to employ the word “emblazon” in cases of representation.
Boar. In Heraldry occasionally termed Sanglier.
Bordure. A Subordinary: Nos. 139, 140. Also, an important “Difference.” (See Chapters XII. and XIII.)
Botoneé, Botoneé Fitcheé. Varieties of the heraldic Cross: Nos. 103, 110. This Cross is also termed Trefleé.
Bouget, or Water Bouget. A charge, representing the vessels used by the Crusaders for carrying water. The word is an early form of Bucket. Fine early examples occur in the Temple Church, at Beverley Minster, and in a monument at Blyborough, Lincolnshire: No. 218.
| see text | see text |
| No. 218.— Water Bouget. | No. 219.— Bourchier Knot. |
Bourchier Knot. The badge of the Bourchier family represented in No. 219.
Bourdon. A palmer’s or pilgrim’s staff. (See Pilgrim’s Staff.)
Bow. The archer’s weapon, in all its varieties of form, is a charge.
Bowed. Having a convex contour.
Bowen Knot. No. 220.
Braced. Interlaced.
Breys. Barnacles, q.v.
Brisure, or Brizure. Any difference or mark of cadency.
Buckle. See Fermaile.
Burgonet. A helm worn in the sixteenth century.
Cabossed, or Caboshed. The head of a stag, or other horned animal, represented full-faced, so as to show the face only: No. 170. In the case of a lion or leopard when the head is so represented it is termed the face.
Cadency, Marks of. Figures and devices, introduced into armorial compositions, in order to distinguish the different members and branches of the same family. (See Difference, and Chapter XII.)
Cadet. A junior member or branch of a family.
Caltrap. An implement formerly strewn on the ground in war to maim horses: No. 221.
Canting Heraldry. Refer to Armes Parlantes.
Canton. One of the Subordinaries: Nos. 129, 130.
Cantoned. Placed in the quarters of a shield.
Carbuncle. The same as Escarbuncle.
Cartouche. No. 46.
Castle. Generally represented with two or three turrets, as in the shield of Queen Alianore, of Castile: No. 222. Refer to Tower.
Celestial Crown. No. 223.
| see text | see text | see text |
| No. 222.— Castle. | No. 223.— Celestial Crown. | No. 224.— Chapeau. |
Centaur. Also blazoned as a sagittary, and supposed to have been a badge of King Stephen.
Cerceleé, or Recerceleé. A descriptive term to denote a variety of the heraldic Cross: No. 98.
Chapeau. Also entitled a cap of dignity, of maintenance, or of estate. An early symbol of high dignity, and in England of right of Peerage. In addition it is now more frequently met with supporting certain crests: No. 224.
Chaplet. A garland or entwined wreath of leaves and flowers, or of flowers alone. A chaplet of rue, sometimes called a crancelin, is blazoned bend-wise in the shield of Saxony—Barry of ten or and sa., over all a chaplet of rue vert: No. 225. (See Crancelin.)
No. 225.— Arms of Saxony.
Charge. Any heraldic figure or device. Charged—placed on a shield, banner, &c., as any heraldic figure or device may be.
Chequeé, Chequy, Checky. Divided into three, or into more than three, contiguous rows of small squares, alternately of a metal (or fur) and a colour: No 68.
Chess rook. A piece used in the game of Chess: borne by Rokewood and others: No. 226.
Chevron. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 123, 125.
Chevronel. A diminutive of the Chevron: No. 124.
Chevroneé, Chevrony. A field composed of a number of pieces divided and disposed per Chevron: No. 124A.
Chief. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 71-75. In Chief—placed in the upper part of the shield, or arranged in a horizontal row across the upper part of the field.
Cinque-foil. A flower or leaf of five foils: No. 227.
Civic Crown. A wreath of oak-leaves and acorns.
| see text | see text | see text |
| No. 227.— Cinque foil. | No. 228.— Clarions. | |
Clarenceux. See Herald.
Clarion. An ancient musical instrument, a badge, apparently, of the De Clares. By some this charge is supposed to represent a lance-rest, and is sometimes so blazoned: No. 228, which shows two varieties of form.
Clecheé. A variety of the heraldic Cross: No. 105.
Close. With closed wings.
Closet. A Diminutive of the Bar, one half its width.
Cloueé. Fastened with Nails, and showing the Nail-heads: No. 150.
Coat Armour. True armorial or heraldic bearings, duly granted or inherited, and rightly borne: so entitled, from having been depicted by warriors of the Middle Ages upon their surcoats, worn by them over their armour.
Coat of Arms. A complete armorial composition, properly what would be charged upon a Shield or Banner, but often used as an alternative for Achievement, q.v.
Cockatrice. A fabulous creature, represented in No. 229.
Collar. One of the insignia of Orders of Knighthood, worn about the neck. Also any ornament or distinction worn in the same manner. Knights occasionally wore collars charged with their own badge. In addition to their badges of the Red and White Rose, examples exist showing that adherents of the rival houses of York and Lancaster sometimes wore collars, the former formed of alternate Suns and Roses, No. 230; and the latter, of the letter S continually repeated, No. 231. No certain origin has been discovered for the Lancastrian “Collar of S.,” but it has been suggested that it represents the word SOVERAYGNE, the motto of Henry IV. No. 230 is from the Brass to Henry Bourchier, K.G., Earl of Essex, at Little Easton, Suffolk, A.D. 1483; and No. 231 from the Brass to Lord Camoys, K.G., at Trotton, Sussex, A.D. 1424.
| see text | see text |
| No. 230.— A Collar of York. | No. 231.— A Collar of Lancaster. |
College of Arms, or Heralds’ College. (See Herald.)
Colour. See Chapter V., page 41. The term “Colours” is applied to Flags, particularly to those of infantry regiments, and to such as are displayed at sea. (See Chapter XVII.)
Combatant. Two lions, or other animals of prey, rampant and face to face.
Compartment. In Scottish Heraldry, “a kind of carved panel, of no fixed form, placed below the escutcheon, bearing the supporters, and usually inscribed with a motto or the name and designation of the owner.”—Seton. Other objects placed below the shield are met with under this description.
Componée, Compony, or Gobony. A single row of small squares alternately of two tinctures or furs: No. 66. (See Counter Componée.)
Complement, In her. Applied to the moon when full.
Compound Quartering. The quartering of a quarter, or division of a quartered Coat-of-Arms. (See page 34.)
Compound Arms. Arms formed from the combination of the bearings of two or more distinct coats, to produce a single compound coat.
Conjoined in Lure. Two wings united, their tips in base.
Contoise. A flowing scarf, worn attached to the helm before 1350. Two examples occur in effigies in Exeter Cathedral, and another in Westminster Abbey.
Contournée. Facing to the sinister.
Cornish Chough. A bird like a crow, black, with red beak and legs.
Coronet. An ensign of rank worn upon the head, in use in England from about the middle of the fourteenth century, but without any distinctive tokens of gradations of rank until a later period. In modern times English Coronets have enclosed a velvet cap with a bullion tassel. This cap originated in the cap of estate worn by Peers. (See Prince, Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron.)
Cotise. A diminutive of the Bend or other Ordinary, being one-fourth of their width. Cotised. When a Bend or Chevron is placed between two Cotises, or when a Fesse or Bar is placed between two Barrulets. Nos. 114, 115.
Couchant. In repose. No. 177.
Couchée. Said of a Shield when suspended from the sinister extremity of the chief, or when placed as if it were so suspended. No. 49.
Count, Countess. Count, in Latin “Comes,” the same as Earl. Countess, the wife of an Earl: she is “Right Honourable,” and styled “My Lady”: her coronet is the same as that of an Earl.
Counter. Reversed or opposite.
Counter-changing. See page 44, and Nos. 70, 126.
Counter Componée. Double Componée, or two conjoined rows of alternately tinctured squares. No. 67.
Counter-Embattled. A term in use for a fesse, bar, or chevron when embattled on both edges.
Counter-seal. Early seals were generally impressed on both sides; and the seals thus were produced from two dies or matrices. The two sides were severally called the seal and the counter-seal, the latter being termed the reverse of the compound composition. Every such double impression constituted a single seal. Both seal and counter-seal were sometimes used alone; and the counter-seal was regarded as a private seal, or secretum.
Couped. Cut off smoothly—the reverse of “erased.”
Couple-close. Half a chevronel.
Courant. Running.
Courtesy, Titles of. Nominal degrees of rank, conceded to, and borne by, the Eldest Sons of Dukes, Marquesses, and Earls, and other titles used by their younger children and all children of Viscounts and Barons.
Coward, Cowed. A term applied to an animal with its tail between its legs. No. 182.
Crampet. The decorated end of a sword-scabbard.
Crancelin. From the German kranzlein, “a small garland,” applied to the chaplet that crosses the shield of Saxony, No. 225: this charge is also blazoned as a bend treflée vert, a bend archée coronettée, or a coronet extended in bend: it is said to be an augmentation conferred, with the Dukedom of Saxony, on Bernhard of Ascania, by the Emperor Barbarossa. The Emperor took from his head his own chaplet of rue, and threw it across the shield of Duke Bernhard. This story is probably untrue.
Crenellated. Embattled.
Crescent. No. 166. In modern English cadency, the difference of the second son, or house.
Cresset. A beacon.
Crest. A figure or device originally worn upon a helm, and now generally represented above a Shield of arms. Crests at first were ensigns of high honour, and their use was restricted to a few persons of eminence: they were attached by a wreath, or torse, or by a coronet, to the helm or basinet; and sometimes a crest stood upon a cap of estate. Crests are still represented standing upon either a wreath, or a cap, or issuing from a coronet: but in our own Heraldry a crest-coronet must always be carefully distinguished from those coronets that are insignia of princely and noble rank. Crests are not borne by ladies, a reigning Sovereign only excepted. (See Panache, Rebus, and Chapter XIV.)
Crest-Coronet. A coronet from which issues, or which supports, a crest. No. 232.
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| No. 232.— Crest Coronet. | No. 233.— Crest-Wreath. |
Crest-Wreath, or Torse. In the Middle Ages, of rich materials and costly workmanship; now represented as being formed of two rolls of silk of the principal metal and colour in the arms, which are twisted to show the metal and colour alternately. The earliest examples are about A.D. 1375. No. 233 shows three varieties of representation. (See Chapter XIV.)
Crined. Having a mane or hair.
Cross. One of the Ordinaries. Nos. 90-110.
Crown. The ensign of Royal and Imperial dignity; in Heraldry borne as a charge, and also used to denote the rank of a Sovereign Prince. The Crown that is generally borne as a charge is represented without arches, and resembling No. 232. Certain other crowns, each distinguished by an appropriate title, are also sometimes borne on shields, or introduced as heraldic accessories. (See Celestial, Eastern or Radiated, Mural, Naval, and Vallary Crowns.) The different forms assumed at different periods by the Royal Crown of England are faithfully exemplified in the seals and the coinage of the successive Sovereigns, and several fine examples are preserved in the Royal effigies. The adornment of the regal circlet was arbitrary before the fifteenth century; still, it always was enriched with gems and surmounted by golden foliage. Henry V. first arched his crown; and by Henry VI. the circlet was first heightened with alternate crosses-patée and fleurs de lys. This arrangement has since been retained, the subsequent alterations being restricted to changes in the number and in the contour of the arches. The crown of His Majesty the King has the circlet heightened with four crosses and as many fleurs de lys; from the crosses rise the arches, which are surmounted by a mound and a cross-patée. No. 234. This, the heraldic crown, is not an exact reproduction of the actual crown of the King.
Crozier. Strictly, the cross-staff of an archbishop; distinguished by its form from the pastoral-staff with a crook-head, of bishops; but the term is loosely and very generally applied also to the crook-headed pastoral-staff.
Crusilee, Crusily. Having the field semée of crosses-crosslets, or of other small crosses, their peculiar form (when not crosslets) being specified.
Cubit arm. A human arm couped between the elbow and the wrist.
Cup, Covered Cup. A vessel formed like a chalice, and having a raised cover; borne by the Botilers, Butlers, &c.
Cushion, Pillow, Oreiller. Unless described of another form, square or oblong, and with a tassel at each corner.
Dacre Knot. No. 235. (See Knot.)
Dancetté. No. 38B. In early blazon, a fesse dancetté is styled simply “a dancette” or “a danse.” Nos. 78, 146; and No. 20A, page 70.
Debruised. When an ordinary surmounts an animal or another charge.
Decrescent. A half-moon having its horns to the sinister. No. 166C.
Deer. In general practice very little if any differentiation is made between the Stag, the Buck, and the Hart; the female is a Hind, and of course is without attires. (See Chapter VIII.)
Degrees. A term applied to the steps upon which a Cross Calvary is represented.
Demembered, Dismembered. Cut into pieces, but without any alteration in the form of the original figure.
Demi. The half. The upper, front, or dexter half, unless the contrary be specified. No. 186.
Depressed. Surmounted.
Dexter. The right side. No. 27C.
Diaper, Diapering. Surface decoration. No. 68.
Difference, Differencing. An addition to, or some change in, a Coat-of-Arms, introduced for the purpose of distinguishing Coats which in their primary qualities are the same. (See Chapters XII. and XIII.)
Dimidiated. Cut in halves per pale, and one half removed: No. 250. (See Chapter XI.)
Disclosed. With expanded wings, in the case of birds that are not birds of prey. The contrary to Close.
Displayed. Birds of prey with expanded wings. No. 200.
Disposed, Disposition. Arranged, arrangement.
Dividing Lines. No. 38: also Nos. 27-37.
Dolphin. A favourite fish with Heralds. The heraldic Dolphin of antiquity is exemplified in No. 8; that of the Middle Ages in No. 163.
Dormant. Asleep, as in No. 179.
Double-queued. Having two tails. No. 181.
Doubling. The lining of a Mantle or Mantling.
Dove-tail. No. 381.
Dragon. A winged monster having four legs. No. 236.
| see text | see text |
| No. 236.— Dragon. | No. 237.— Circlet of a Duke’s Coronet. |
Duke. The highest rank and title in the British Peerage; first introduced by Edward III. in the year 1337, when he created the Black Prince the first English Duke (in Latin, “Dux”). A Duke is “Most Noble”; he is styled “My Lord Duke,” and “Your Grace”; and all his younger sons are “Lords,” and all his daughters “Ladies,” with the prefix “Right Honourable.” His eldest son bears, by courtesy, his father’s “second title”; and, accordingly, he generally bears the title of Marquess. Whatever his title, however, the rank of the eldest son of a Duke is always the same, and it assigns to him precedence between Marquesses and Earls. The Coronet of a Duke, arbitrary in its adornment until the sixteenth century was far advanced, is now a circlet, heightened with eight conventional strawberry-leaves, of which in representations three and two half-leaves are shown; No. 237. It encloses a velvet cap. The present ducal coronet is represented in the portrait of Ludovick Stuart, K.G., Duke of Richmond and Lennox, who died in 1624; the picture, the property of the Crown, is at Hampton Court.
Ducal Coronet. A term commonly, but not very accurately, applied to a Crest Coronet. No. 232.
Duchess. The wife of a Duke. She is “Most Noble,” and is styled “Your Grace.” Her coronet is the same as that of a Duke.
Eagle. See Chapter IX., page 92.
Eaglet. An Eagle on a small scale.
Earl. In Latin, “Comes”; in French, “Comte” or “Count.” Before 1337, the highest, and now the third degree of rank and dignity in the British Peerage. An Earl is “Right Honourable”; he is styled “My Lord”; his eldest son bears his father’s “second title,” generally that of Viscount; his other sons are styled “Honourable,” but all his daughters are “Ladies.” The circlet of an Earl’s Coronet has eight lofty rays of gold rising from the circlet, each of which supports a large pearl, while between each pair of these rays there is a golden strawberry-leaf. In representations five of the rays and pearls are shown; No. 238. Elevated clusters of pearls appear in an Earl’s coronet—that of Thomas Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel—as early as 1445; but the present form of the coronet may be assigned to the second half of the following century.
| see text | see text |
| No. 238.— Circlet of an Earl’s Coronet. | No. 239.— Eastern Crown. |
Eastern, Radiated, or Antique Crown. No. 239.