C

Caerlleon. See Caernarvon, 49

Caermarthen. See Caernarvon, 49

Caernarvon. Castle in land of Arvon in which Princess Helena dwelt, 48;
given with castles Caerlleon and Caermarthen to Princess Helena as dowry, 49

Cain. Grendel, offspring of, 4

Caledonians. Defeated by Constantius, 63

Calidore, Sir. Mediæval Wales had a knight of courtesy equal to, 265

Calvary. The hill of, 58, 59, 61

Campbell, Sir Nigel. Leader in Scottish Independence, 249;
father of Black Colin, 249;
his death, 250;
clansmen of, accompany Black Colin to Holy Land, 252

Caradoc. Father of Eudav; grandfather of Princess Helena, and of Princes Kynon and Adeon, 49

Carlisle. Outlaw band near town of, in Englewood Forest, 226;
reference to sheriff of, 227;
William of Cloudeslee goes to, 227;
sheriff informed of William’s presence at, 229;
outlaws Adam Bell and Clym go to, 234;
the outlaws escape from, 239;
King Arthur keeps Christmas at, 266;
Sir Gawayne and loathly lady wedded at, 280

Cathbad. Druid; Cuchulain’s tutor, 185

Cathleen. Irish countess; legend concerning, 156;
antiquity of the legend, 156;
the story, 156-183;
her grief because of her people’s famine, 161;
prays to Virgin Mary, 163;
Fergus, steward of, 163;
value of her wealth, 164;
commands Fergus to provide food for sufferers from famine, 165;
her goodness extolled by the demons, 169;
hears of demon traders, 172;
tries to check traffic in souls, 174;
visits demons, 176;
Oona, foster-mother to, 178;
revisits demons, 179;
sells her soul, 179, 180;
her death, 182

Catholic Church. Pope, head of, 119

Celion. Constantine to send to, for Bishop Sylvester, 71

Celtic Literature. Spirit of mysticism in all, 156

Celts. Gospel preached to, by St. Patrick, 157;
Irish, early Britons, and Greeks of Homer, racial affinity between, 184

Champion.
1. Of Erin: compared with Achilles, 184;
Cuchulain the, his fame at age of seventeen, 185;
Bricriu urges Laegaire to claim title of, 187;
title to go to warrior who obtains Champion’s Bit, 187;
tests to decide claims to title of, 193, 194, 196-203;
Uath the Stranger challenges the heroes to a test to decide claims to title, 199-203.
2. Of Women: Hereward known as, 351

Champion of Ireland. See Champion of Erin.

Champion’s Bit, The, 187, 188;
claimed by chariot-drivers of Laegaire, Conall, and Cuchulain, 188, 189;
awarded by Queen Meave to Laegaire, 195;
heroes severally claim, 195, 196;
tests to decide claims to, 196-203

Chanson de Roland. Roland and, 121;
late version of Anglo-Norman poem, 122;
Thorold, author of, 122

Charlemagne. World-famed equivalent, 119;
head of Roman Empire, 119;
Roland, nephew of, 119;
expedition into Spain, 119;
receives an embassage from Marsile, 124;
calls his Twelve Peers to council, 125;
sends Ganelon to Saragossa, 128-130;
receives through Ganelon the keys of Saragossa, 134;
his evil dream, 134, 137;
hears Roland’s horn, 145, 146;
hastens to the rescue, 146;
avenges death of Roland and the Peers, 153, 154;
his return to Aix, 155;
his son, Louis, promised to Aude the Fair, 155

Charles the Great. King of the Franks, world-famed as Charlemagne, 119.
See Charlemagne

Childe Horn. See Horn

Chosen People. The Jews the, 56

Christ. The Cross the sign of, 53;
the Resurrection of, preached to Constantine, 53;
Constantine’s desire to find the sacred Cross, 54;
inhabitants of Suddene who believe on, threatened with death, 287

Christendom. Enriched by treasures of the True Cross and Holy Nails, 62

Christian-s. Preach the way of life to Constantine, 53;
the Lord of, 57;
faith, in Iceland, 96, 97;
law, to be driven out of Suddene by law of Mahomet, 287

Church of Rome. Constantine’s generosity to, 42

Churchmen. Beaten and battered by Gamelyn, 217

Cinderella. Root idea of, similar to “Gamelyn,” 204

Clym of the Cleugh. Outlaw leader in forest of Englewood, 226;
declared powerless to deliver William of Cloudeslee, 233;
his stratagem to save William of Cloudeslee, 234;
rescues William from death, 238;
visits London to see the king, 241;
the king pardons, 243

Colin, Black. See Black Colin, 249

Comala. Hero in Gaelic Highland poems, 248

Conall Cearnach. Cuchulain’s cousin, a Red Branch chief, 187;
urged to claim title of Chief Champion, 187;
awarded Champion’s Portion, 195;
claim tested by Curoi, 196-203;
disgraced by Uath, 201

Confessio Amantis. Early English poem, by “the moral Gower,” 42;
story told in, of Constantine’s true charity, 64

Connaught. Ailill, King of, 189;
heroes sent to Cruachan in, 190

Conor. King of Ulster, 185;
Cuchulain, nephew of, 185;
Dechtire, sister of, 185;
invited with the heroes of Red Branch to a feast by Bricriu, 186;
received with court at Dundrum by Bricriu, 188

Conqueror, William the. Cause of England being laid at feet of, 338

Constantine III. King of Scotland; marriage of Anlaf with daughter of, 73

Constantine the Great. Emperor of Rome; renown in mediæval England, 42;
Cynewulf’s poem, “Elene,” written on the subject of his conversion, 42;
his vision of the Holy Cross, 42, 50, 51;
generosity to Church of Rome and Bishop Sylvester, 42;
legends concerning, 42;
the only British-born Roman emperor, 49;
his greatness provokes a confederation to overthrow him by Huns, Goths, Franks, and Hugas, 50;
conquers Huns by Cross standard, 52;
Christians preach the way of life to, 53;
is baptized into the Christian faith, 53;
his desire to find the sacred Cross, 54;
sends for Elene, 54;
ordains “Holy Cross Day,” 62;
eldest son of Constantius, 63;
sent to Britain, 63;
proclaimed emperor, 63;
granted title of “Cæsar,” 64;
marriage with Fausta, 64;
elevation to rank of Augustus, 64;
Emperor of Rome, 64;
attacked by leprosy, 64;
the remedies suggested, 65-72;
his noble resolve, 68;
his vision, 69-70;
his healing, 71-72

Constantius. Emperor Maxentius hero of the Welsh saga instead of, 42;
father of Constantine the Great, 63;
proclaimed Emperor of Britain, 63

Cornish Princess, The. Daughter of King Alef, affianced to Prince Sigtryg, 343, 344, 345, 346;
Haco betrothed to, 347, 348;
receives token from Hereward, 348;
reveals Haco’s plans to Hereward, 349;
rescued from Haco, 350;
guards, all slain, 351;
wedded by Sigtryg, 351

Cornwall. Godrich, Earl of, 80;
Bertram made Earl of, 94;
Hereward sails for, 343;
Alef, King of, 343;
Sigtryg and Hereward sail for, 347

Coventry. Lady Godiva’s ride through, 335

Crescent. Cross exalted above the, 253

Cross. The Holy, Constantine’s vision of, 42, 50, 51;
Romans conquer Huns by, 52;
the people awed by the standard of the, 53;
Constantine’s desire to find the sacred, 54;
Elene’s quest after, 54-62;
secret place of, revealed by Judas, 61;
“Holy Cross Day” ordained, 62

Cruachan. Conor sends heroes to Ailill at, 190;
Good People’s Hill at, 193;
heroes bid farewell to court at, 195

Crusade-s. Reference to, 249;
Black Colin receives tidings of one about to be set on foot, 250;
Black Colin decides to go on, 251;
story of Horn typical of romance of the, 286

Cuchulain. Reference to Connla and, 95;
Irish hero, 156;
often called “the Irish Achilles,” 184;
nephew of King Conor and son of Dechtire, 185;
god Lugh, reputed father of, 185;
champion in Ulster and all Ireland, 185;
bride sought for, 186;
wooes and weds Emer, daughter of Forgall the Wily, 186;
Conall Cearnach, cousin of, 187;
urged to claim title of Chief Champion, 188;
Grey of Macha and Black Sainglain, magic steeds of, 191;
awarded golden cup and Champion’s Portion, 195;
claim tested by Curoi, 196-203;
answers Uath’s tests, 202;
acclaimed Champion of Heroes of all Ireland, 203

Curoi of Munster. Failing a judgment from Ailill, to be asked to decide claims to title of Chief Champion, 190;
heroes go to, to hear his judgment, 196;
puts heroes to certain tests in order to decide claims, 196-203;
assumes form of giant under name of Uath, the Stranger, 199-203

Curtius. Reference to, 156

Cuthbert. Name under which Childe Horn serves King Thurston in Ireland, 301, 302

Cynewulf (ki´nĕ-wulf). Early English religious poet; “Elene,” his poem on the subject of conversion of Constantine the Great, 42

Cyriacus. Baptismal name of Judas, 61;
Bishop of Jerusalem, 61

D

Dagda. Irish people and wrath of, 158

Da´g-hrefn. Frankish warrior who slays Hygelac; killed by Beowulf’s deadly hand-grip, 35

Danes. Corpse of Scyld sorrowfully placed in vessel by, 2;
feasting of, in Heorot, 4;
slain in Heorot by Grendel, 4;
desert Heorot, 5;
welcome Geats and Beowulf, 10;
rejoice over Beowulf’s victory, 18-29;
friendship with Geats, 30;
Gospel preached to, 157;
Prince Sigtryg sends forty to King Alef, 348;
plan ambush for Haco, 350;
rescue Cornish princess, 350, 351

Danish.
1. Occupation of England and its influence on language, &c., 73.
2. Invasions, hero-legends which have come down from times of, 286

Danube. Huns overwhelmed in, 52

Dechtire. Sister of King Conor, 185

Decius. Reference to, 156

Demons. Appear in Erin to buy souls, 168;
visited by Cathleen, 176;
revisited by her, 179;
Cathleen sells her soul to, to ransom her people, 179;
cheated of Cathleen’s soul, 182

Denmark. Under sway of Scyld Scefing, 2;
Scyld Scefing mysteriously comes to, as babe, 2;
Beowulf sails to deliver King of, from Grendel, 6;
Warden of, challenges Beowulf, 6;
King Birkabeyn’s rule over, 74;
Godard made regent of, on behalf of Havelok, 75;
Havelok sails from, with Grim, 80;
Havelok’s dream concerning, 86;
Havelok’s return to, and recognition as King of, 87-92

Diarmuit. Irish hero, 156

Diocletian. Emperor; Constantine evades jealousy of, 63

Dodderer. Horse offered as wergild by Thorbiorn to Howard, 107

Dover. Princess Goldborough imprisoned in castle of, 81;
Hereward sails from, to Whitby, 339

Dublin. Demons arrive at village near, 168

Dundrum. Bricriu receives King Conor and court at, 188

Dunstan. Monk; his saintly reputation, 335

Durendala. Roland’s famous sword, 136;
Roland tries in vain to break, 152

E

Ecgtheow (eg´theow). Father of Beowulf, 10;
shielded by Hrothgar against Wilfings, 11

Edinburgh. Black Colin at, en route to Holy Land, 253

Edward.
1. The First: reference to war between England and Scotland during reign of, 249;
2. The Second: reference, ibid., 249.
3. The Confessor: division of England under, 335;
Hereward at court of, 337, 338;
banishes Hereward, 338, 339;
Alftruda, ward of, 339

Egypt. Constantine’s valour in wars in, 64;
philosophers from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, 65

Electra. Reference to Orestes and, 95

Elena. Same as Elene and Helena, 63

“Elene” (elā´nĕ). Cynewulf’s poem of, on the subject of Constantine’s conversion, 42;
summoned from Britain by Constantine, is baptized, and seeks the sacred Cross, 54-62.
Same as Helena (Elena), 63

Elfleda the Fair. Daughter of King Birkabeyn, 74;
slain by Godard, 76

Ely. Hereward’s defence of, 334

Emer. Daughter of Forgall the Wily; wooed and wedded by Cuchulain, 186;
flattered by Bricriu, 189;
flattered by Queen Meave, 195;
adjudged by Uath to have first place among all the women of Ulster, 203

Engelier the Gascon. Mortally wounded, 143

England. Mediæval, and Constantine the Great, 42;
influence on language by Danish occupation, 73;
Athelstan, King of, 73;
Athelwold, King of, 80;
Grim sails from Denmark to, 80;
arrives at, in Humber (Grimsby), 81;
Havelok’s dream concerning, 86;
Fergus journeys to, 165;
the outlaw of mediæval, 225;
King of, pardons outlaws, William of Cloudeslee, &c., 243;
war between Scotland and, 249;
government of, during twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries, 314;
division of, under Edward the Confessor, 335;
cause of being laid at Conqueror’s feet, 338

Englewood. Outlaws in forest of, under Adam Bell, William of Cloudeslee, and Clym of the Cleugh, 226;
outlaw band broken up, 247

Ercol. Ailill’s foster-father; heroes sent to, 194

Erin. See Ireland, 157;
demons appear in, 168;
Champion of, compared with Achilles, 184;
land of, searched for bride for Cuchulain, 186

Eudav. Son of Caradoc, father of Princess Helena, 49;
Kynon and Adeon, sons of, 49

Europe. Ruled from City of Seven Hills (Rome) by Emperor Maxen Wledig, 43;
Constantine granted rule over Western, 64;
relation between Greek and Irish literature among literatures of, 184

Evil One. Tales relating dealings with, reference to, 157;
demons buy souls for, 168-182

Excalibur. King Arthur’s sword, 269

F

Fairy Bear, The. A white Polar bear owned by Gilbert of Ghent, 340;
reputed kinship of, to Earl Siward, 340, 342;
slain by Hereward, 341;
Hereward’s trick on Norman knights with, 341, 342

Fairy People of the Hills. King Ailill seeks aid of, 193

Faith. Bishop Sylvester preaches the Christian, to Constantine, 71;
Charlemagne fights for, 119;
Marsile to embrace the Christian, 131;
the true, English knowledge of, 165;
Irish sufferers tempted to revolt from, 167

Fall, The, of Man, 71

Faust. Legends, trend of, 157

Fausta. Daughter of Emperor Maximian and wife of Constantine, 64

Fedelm. Wife of Laegaire, 189

Fen Country. Hereward, the terror of the, 336

Fenians. Champions of the, identical with Highland Gaelic heroes, 248

Fergus the White. Cathleen’s steward, 163;
foster-brother to Cathleen’s grandfather, 164;
declares value of Cathleen’s wealth, 164;
sends servant to buy food at Ulster, 165;
journeys to England, 165;
returns with help, 182

Fikenhild. Horn’s companion next in favour to Athulf, 287;
spies on Horn and Rymenhild, 299, 300;
demands Rymenhild in marriage, 311;
slain by Horn, 313

Fingal. Hero in Gaelic Highland poems, 248;
Scotch embodiment of Finn, 248

Finn. Fingal Scotch embodiment, 248

Finn of the Frisians. Victory of Danes over, chanted in Heorot, 19

Finnsburg. Fight in, sung of in Heorot, 19

Fitela. Son of Sigmund; glory of, chanted by Danish bard, 18

Flemings. Or Normans; Hereward enrolled among, to qualify for knighthood, 339;
Hereward’s trick on, with Fairy Bear, 341, 342

Forefathers. Feelings of our, embodied in “Beowulf,” 1

Forgall the Wily. Cuchulain wooes Emer, daughter of, 186

France. Victories of Charlemagne for, 119;
Charlemagne sets out for, 134

Frankish.
1. Warrior, Daghrefn, slays Hygelac, and is slain by Beowulf, 35.
2. Army marches towards Pyrenees, 134;
arrives too late to rescue Roland, 146

Franks. Charles the Great (Charlemagne), King of, 119;
Saracen host encamps near, 134;
and Moors meet in battle, 140;
defeat the Saracens, 141;
attacked by second Saracen army, 142;
defeat the heathens once more, 143;
attacked by third Saracen army, 144

French Literature, developing “Roland Saga,” 121

Friar Tuck. See Tuck

G

Galerius. Constantine evades hatred of, 63;
grants Constantine title of “Cæsar,” 63

Gamelyn. Tale of, a variant of fairy-tale “Wicked Elder Brothers,” 204;
ultimate source, through Lodge’s “Euphues’ Golden Legacy,” of As You Like It, 204;
literary ancestor of “Robin Hood,” 204;
Sir John of the Marshes, father of, 205;
left in charge of eldest brother, John, 206;
resists him, 207, 208;
victorious at wrestling match, 210, 211;
overcomes his brother’s servants, 212;
allows himself to be chained, 213;
released by Adam Spencer, 214, 215;
batters the Churchmen, 217;
puts his brother John in chains, 217;
puts sheriff’s men to flight, 218;
goes to the greenwood, 219;
joins the outlaws, 220;
proclaimed a wolf’s-head, 220;
arrested, 221;
Otho offers himself as surety, 221;
fails to appear at court, 222, 223;
releases Otho, 223;
sits on judge’s seat and condemns Sir John, 224;
made chief forester by King Edward, 224;
made Otho’s heir, 224

Ganelon. Romance version of Danilo or Nanilo, 121;
compared with Judas, 121;
one of Charlemagne’s Twelve Peers, 125;
his hostility to Roland, 126;
plots with Blancandrin the destruction of Roland, 131;
delivers to Marsile the message of Charlemagne, 131, 132;
swears on sacred relics the treacherous death of Roland, 134;
delivers keys of Saragossa to Charlemagne, 134;
deceives Charlemagne concerning sound of Roland’s horn, 145, 146;
arrested for treason, 146;
his death as a traitor, 155;
his name a byword in France for treachery, 155

Gareth, Sir. One of King Arthur’s nephews, 266

Gascons. Attack Charlemagne, 119

Gautier, Count. Roland’s vassal, 136

Gawayne, Sir. King Arthur’s nephew, the true Knight of Courtesy, 265;
learns of King Arthur’s adventure with the giant, 274;
learns the price to be paid for the loathly lady’s secret, 275;
offers to pay it by marrying the loathly lady, 275;
betroths the loathly lady, 279, 280;
weds the loathly lady, 280;
his choice frees the loathly lady from magic spells, 281, 283;
the beauty of his bride, 281-285

Geatish Court. Beowulf brought up at, 6

Geatland. Same as Götaland; news of Grendel’s ravages reaches, 6;
Beowulf sails to, 29;
welcomed to shores of, 29, 30

Geats. Hygelac, King of, 1;
Götaland, realm of, 5;
arrival with Beowulf at Danish shores, 7;
friendship with Danes, 30;
forsake Beowulf in his encounter with the fire-dragon, 36;
their sorrow over Beowulf’s death, 40-41

Gerier. Peer of Charlemagne; mortally wounded, 143

Gerin. Peer of Charlemagne; mortally wounded, 143

Germany. Forefathers who dwelt in North, 1;
Hygelac seeks conquest of his neighbours on mainland of, 5

Ghent. See Gilbert

Gilbert of Ghent. Hereward’s godfather, 339;
Hereward received by, 339;
his Fairy Bear, slain by Hereward, 340, 341;
Hereward quits his castle, 342;
Hereward takes farewell of, 343

Glenurchy. Glen belonging to MacGregors, given to Sir Nigel Campbell, 249;
Black Colin inherits, 250;
Lady of, grieves over her husband’s departure on crusade, 251;
Baron MacCorquodale’s land borders, 256;
Black Colin’s return to, 258;
new castle built with rents of, 264

God. The Unknown, reverenced by Constantine, 51;
the people awed by the token of the Unknown, 53;
worship of the True, 157;
famine cools love for, 167

Godard, Jarl. Counsellor and friend of King Birkabeyn, 75;
Havelok committed to care of, 75;
regency over Denmark, 75;
his cruelty, 76-78;
his treachery disclosed and punished by death, 91-92

Godhild. Queen of Suddene, King Murry’s consort, the mother of Horn, 286;
hears of husband’s death and flees, 288

Godiva, Lady. Wife of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, 335;
her famous ride through Coventry, 335;
Hereward, second son of, 336

Godrich. Earl of Cornwall, regent for Princess Goldborough, 80;
his rule, 81;
imprisons Princess Goldborough out of jealousy, 81;
attends sports at Lincoln, 83;
hears of Havelok’s skill and strength, 83;
enforces a marriage between Havelok and Goldborough, 84;
captured, tried as a traitor, and burnt at the stake, 93-94

Godwin. Earl of Kent, 335;
Lady Gytha, wife of, 335;
intercedes on behalf of Hereward, 338;
Hereward bids farewell to, 339

Goldborough. English princess, daughter of King Athelwold; orphaned, 80;
Earl Godrich regent for, 80;
imprisoned in Dover Castle, 81;
forced to wed Havelok, 84;
learns in a dream of Havelok’s royal birth, 86;
crowned Queen of England, 94

Golden Age. Forefathers cherished lifetime of ancestors as, 1

Götaland. Realm of Geats, in south of Sweden, 5.
See Geatland, 7

Goths. Form a confederation with the Huns, Franks, and Hugas to overthrow Constantine, 50

Gower, “The Moral.” Early English poet; his poem “Confessio Amantis” and Constantine’s conversion, 42;
story told in “Confessio Amantis” of Constantine’s true charity, 64

Greece. Philosophers from, with remedies for Constantine’s leprosy, 65

Greek-s. Elene touches at land of, 56;
literature, relation of, to Irish literature, 184;
of Homer, early Britons, and Irish Celts, racial affinity between, 184

Grendel. A loathsome fen-monster, 3;
enmity aroused by the feasting at Heorot, 4;
slays and devours Danes in Heorot, 4;
master of Heorot, 5;
Beowulf determines to attack, 6;
struggles with Beowulf in Heorot, 16;
worsted by Beowulf, 17;
mother of, avenges his death, 21

Grey of Macha. Cuchulain’s best-beloved horse, 191

Grim. Legendary hero whose loyalty secured privileges to Grimsby, 74;
Godard’s thrall, 77;
ordered to drown Havelok, 77;
saves and maintains Havelok, 79-82;
sails from Denmark to England, 80;
sends Havelok to Lincoln, 82;
his death, 85;
his three sons, Robert the Red, William Wendut, and Hugh the Raven, 87

Grimsby. The town of Grim, 74;
Havelok at fish-market of, 82;
battle near, between Havelok and Godrich, 93

Gudrun. Reference to Siegfried and, 95

Guenever, Queen. Wife of King Arthur, 266;
dreads magic arts during husband’s absence, 274;
learns of King Arthur’s adventure with the giant, 274;
welcomes the loathly lady at court, 280

Guest, The Wise. Sister of, marries Thorbiorn, 103;
Howard seeks at the Thing, 108, 109, 110;
his judgment against Thorbiorn, 110, 111;
removes his sister from Thorbiorn, 111;
gives judgment at Thing against Howard, 118

Gytha, Lady. Wife of Godwin, Earl of Kent, 335