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Footnote 1: There were also four smaller divisions, ultimately increased to five. All that is known about their position is that they were not where they are placed in our atlases.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 2: Genealogy of the principal Northumbrian kings:—[Note.—The names of kings are in capitals. The figures denote the order of succession of those who ruled over the whole of North-humberland. Those whose names are followed by a B. or D. ruled only over Bernicia or Deira respectively.]

Footnote 3: Genealogy of the English kings from Ecgberht to Eadgar:—

Footnote 4: Genealogy of the English kings from Eadgar to Eadgar the Ætheling:—

Footnote 5: Genealogy of the Danish kings:—

Footnote 6: Genealogical connection between the Houses of England and Normandy:—

Footnote 7: Genealogy of the Mercian earls:—

Footnote 8: Genealogy of the family of Godwine:—

Footnote 9: Genealogy of the Conqueror's sons and grandchildren:—

Footnote 10: The number usually given, '1,115,' is probably an error.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 11: His father's name was Becket, but at that time hereditary surnames had not come into use. He was once called Thomas Becket in his lifetime by one of his murderers as an insult.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 12: Genealogy of the sons and grandchildren of Henry II.:—

Footnote 13: A phrase which may serve to keep in mind the medieval meaning of 'libertas' is to be found in the statement that a certain monastery kept up a pair of stocks 'pro libertate servandâ'—that is to say, to keep up its franchise of putting offenders into the stocks.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 14:

"Igitur communitas regni consulatur;
Et quid universitas sentiat, sciatur,
Cui leges propriæ maxime sunt notæ.
Nec cuncti provinciæ sic sunt idiotæ,
Quin sciant plus cæteris regni sui mores,
Quos relinquunt posteris hii qui sunt priores."[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 15: Genealogy of the claimants of the Scottish throne:—

Footnote 16: Sandwich, Dover, Hythe, Romney, Hastings; to which were added Winchelsea and Rye as 'ancient towns,' besides several 'limbs' or dependencies.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 17: See the inscription on the monument to the elder Pitt in the Guildhall, in the City of London.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 18: It has been said that they were used at Creçy, but this is uncertain.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 19: Lichfield Cathedral (p. 213) is transitional.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 20: Provisors are the persons provided or appointed to a benefice.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 21: So called from the first words of the writs appointed to be issued under it, Præmunire facias; the first of these two words being a corruption of Præmoneri.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 22: The name is said to have been derived from a low German word, lollen, to sing, from their habit of singing, but their clerical opponents derived it from the Latin lolium (tares), as if they were the tares in the midst of the wheat which remained constant to the Church.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 23: i.e., if a priest, who is like gold, allow himself to rust, or fall into sloth or sin, how can he expect the 'lewid man' or layman, who is as iron to him, to be free from these faults?[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 24: A nice conscience; to see offence where there is none.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 25: Followed.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 26: Many clerics took one of the minor orders so as to secure the immunities of the clergy, without any intention of being ordained a deacon or a priest.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 27: Genealogy of the claimants of the throne in 1399:—

Footnote 28: Genealogy of the kings of Scotland from Robert Bruce to James I.:—

Footnote 29: Havre de Grâce was not yet in existence.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 30: Genealogy of the Nevills:—

Footnote 31: Genealogy of the Houses of Lancaster and York:—

Footnote 32: Genealogy of the Beauforts and the Tudors:—

Footnote 33: Mary was the child of an earlier wife of Charles the Bold than Margaret the sister of Edward IV. and Clarence, and the latter was therefore not related to her.[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 34: Genealogy of the Yorkist Kings:—

Footnote 35: Genealogy of the Woodvilles and Greys:—

Footnote 36: Abbreviated genealogy of Henry VII. and his competitors:—

Footnote 37: Genealogy of the De la Poles and Poles:—

Footnote 38: So called either because the roof was decorated with stars or because it was the room in which had formerly been kept Jewish bonds or 'starres.'[Back to Main Text]

Footnote 39: Genealogy of the Houses of Spain and Burgundy:—