māra, see micel.

maðelian (§ 130), harangue, speak.

māðum (māððum), m., gift, treasure, jewel; gen. pl., māðma.

māððumgyfa, m., treasure-giver, lord.

māððum-wela, m., wealth of treasure.

mē, see ic.

meaht, f., might, power.

meahte, see magan.

mearc, f., boundary, limit [mark, march].

mearg (mearh), m., horse; nom. pl., mēaras.

mearð, m., marten.

mec, see ic.

medmicel, moderately large, short, brief.

medu (medo), m., mead.

medu-bęnc, f., mead-bench.

medu-ful, n., mead-cup.

medu-heall, f., mead-hall.

męn, see mǫn(n).

męngan (§ 127), mingle, mix.

męnigu (męnigeo), f., multitude [many].

męnniscnes, f., humanity, incarnation [man].

meolc, f., milk.

Mēore, Möre (in Sweden).

męre, m., lake, mere, sea [mermaid].

Meretūn, m., Merton (in Surrey).

mētan (§ 126), meet, find.

Metod (Meotod, Metud), m., Creator, God.

metod-sceaft, f., appointed doom, eternity.

micel (§ 96, (3)), great, mighty, strong, large [mickle];

māra, more, stronger, larger.

micle (micele), greatly, much.

miclum, (§ 93, (4)), greatly.

mid, with, amid, among (with dat. and acc.).

middangeard, m., earth, world [middle-yard].

middeweard, midward, toward the middle.

Mierce, m. pl., Mercians.

mihte, see magan.

mīl, f., mile [Lat. mille].

mildheortnes, f., mild-heartedness, mercy.

milts, f., mildness, mercy.

mīn (§ 76), my, mine.

mislīc, various.

missenlīc, various.

mōd, n., mood, mind, courage.

mōdcearig, sorrowful of mind.

mōdega, mōdga, see mōdig.

mōdgeðanc, m., purpose of mind.

mōdig, moody, brave, proud.

mōdor, f., mother.

mōdsefa, m., mind, heart.

mǫn(n) (man, mann) (§ 68; § 70, Note), m., man, one, person, they.

mōna, m., moon.

mōnað (§ 68, (1), Note), m., month [mōna]; dat. sing., mōnðe.

mǫn(n)cynn, n., mankind.

mǫndryhten, m., liege lord.

mǫnian (manian) (§ 130), admonish.

mǫnig (manig, mǫneg, mænig), many.

mǫnigfeald (manig-), manifold, various.

mōnðe, see mōnað.

mōr, m., moor.

morgen, m., morning; dat. sing., morgen(n)e.

morðor-bealu (-bealo), n., murder [murder-bale];

see ðurfan.

mōste, see mōtan.

mōtan (§ 137), may, be permitted, must.

mund-gripe, m., hand-grip.

munuc, m., monk [Lat. monachus].

munuchād, m., monkhood, monastic rank.

mūð, m., mouth.

myntan (§ 127), be minded, intend; pret. indic. 3d sing., mynte.

mynster, n., monastery [Lat. monasterium]; dat. sing., mynstre.

mȳre, f., mare [mearh].

myrð, f., joy, mirth;

mōdes myrðe 142, 17 = with joy of heart.

N.

nā (nō), not [ne ā = n-ever];

nā ne, not, not at all.

nabban (p. 32, Note), not to have.

nǣdre, f., serpent, adder.

næfde, see nabban.

nǣfre, never.

nǣnig (§ 77), no one, no, none.

nǣre, nǣren, nǣron, see § 40, Note 2.

næs = ne wæs, see § 40, Note 2.

næss, m., ness, headland.

nāht, see nōht.

nālæs (nāles), not at all [nā ealles].

nam, see niman.

nama, see nǫma.

nāmon, see niman.

nān, not one, no, none [ne ān].

nānwuht, n., nothing [no whit].

ne, not.

nē, nor;

nē ... nē, neither ... nor.

nēah (§ 96, (4)), near.

nēah, adv., nigh, near, nearly, almost; comparative, nēar, nearer.

neaht, see niht.

nēalēcan (-lǣcan) (§ 126), draw near to, approach (with dat.).

nēar, see nēah, adv.

nēat, n., neat, cattle.

nęmnan (§ 127), name.

nemðe, (nymðe), except, unless.

nęrian (§ 125), save, preserve.

nēten, see nīeten.

nīedbeðearf, needful, necessary.

nīehst, see nēah (§ 96, (4)).

nīeten (nēten), n., neat, beast, cattle.

nigontīene, nineteen.

niht (neaht) (§ 68, (1), Note), night.

nihthelm, m., night-helm, shade of night.

nihtscūa, m., shadow of night.

niht-weorc, n., night-work.

niman (§ 114), take, gain [nimble, numb].

nīpan (§ 102), grow dark, darken.

nis, see § 40, Note 2.

nīð, m., malice, violence.

nīwe, new, novel, startling.

nō, see nā.

nōht (nāht, nā-wiht), n., not a whit, naught, nothing; not, not at all.

nōhwæðer (nāhwæðer), neither;

nōhwæðer nē ... ne ... nē ... ne 118, 8 = neither ... nor.

nolde, noldon = ne wolde, ne woldon, see willan.

nǫma (nama), m., name.

norð (§ 97, (1)), north, in the north, northwards.

norðan (§ 93, (5)), from the north;

be norðan, see § 94, (4).

Norð-Dęne, m. pl., North-Danes.

norðeweard, northward.

Norðhymbre, m. pl., Northumbrians.

Norðmanna, see Norðmǫn.

Norðmęn, see Norðmǫn.

norðmest, see norð.

Norðmǫn (-man) (§ 68, (1)), Norwegian.

norðor, see norð.

norðryhte, northward.

norðweard, northward.

Norðweg, Norway.

nose, f., cape, naze [ness, nose].

notu, f., office, employment.

nū, now; now that, seeing that;

nū ðā 138, 13 = now then.

nȳhst (nīehst), see nēah.

nymðe, see nemðe.

nysse, see nytan.

nyste, see nytan.

nyt(t), useful, profitable.

nytan (nitan < ne witan, § 136), not to know;

3d sing. pret., nysse, nyste.

O.

of (§ 94, (1)), of, from, concerning.

ofer (§ 94, (2)), over, across, after, in spite of (see 144, 14);

ofer eorðan 142, 9 = on earth.

ofer, adv., over, across.

oferfēran (§ 126), go over, traverse.

oferfrēosan (§ 109), freeze over.

oferfroren, see oferfrēosan.

ofgiefan (§ 115), give up, relinquish.

ofost, f., haste.

ofslægen, see ofslēan.

ofslēan (§ 118), slay off, slay.

ofslōge, see ofslēan.

oft, oft, often; superlative, oftost.

on (§ 94, (3)), in, into, on, against, to, among, during;

on fīf oððe syx 109, 6 = into five or six parts;

on weg 140, 10 = away;

on innan 144, 5 = within;

on unriht 145, 15 = falsely.

onbærnan (§ 126), kindle, inspire.

oncȳðð, f., distress, suffering.

ǫnd (and), and.

ǫndsaca, m., adversary.

ǫndswarian (§ 130), answer.

ǫndweard, adj., present.

onfēng, see onfōn.

onfeohtan (§ 110), fight.

onfindan (§ 110), find out, discover; pret. indic. 3d sing., onfunde.

onfōn (§ 118), receive, seize violently.

onfunde, see onfindan.

ongēan, prep., against, towards (with dat. and acc.).

ongēan, adv., just across, opposite.

Ǫngelcynn (Angel-), n., Angle kin, English people, England.

Ǫngelðēod (Angel-), f., the English people or nation.

ongemang (-mǫng), among (with dat.).

ongietan (-gitan) (§ 115), perceive, see, understand.

onginnan (§ 110), begin, attempt.

onlūtan (§ 109), bow, incline (intrans.) [lout = a stooper].

onrīdan (§ 102), ride against, make a raid on.

onsęndan (§ 127), send.

onslǣpan (onslēpan) (§ 126), fall asleep, sleep.

onspǫnnan (§ 117), loosen [unspan]; pret. 3d sing. indic., onspēon.

onspringan (§ 110), spring apart, unspring.

onstāl, m., institution, supply.

onstęllan (§ 128), establish; pret. 3d sing. indic., onstealde.

onwæcnan (§ 127), awake (intrans.).

onweald (-wald), m., power, authority [wield].

onwęndan (§ 127), change, overturn [to wind].

ōr, n., beginning.

oð (§ 94, (2)), until, as far as (of time and place);

oð ðæt, oð ðe, until.

oðberan (§ 114), bear away.

ōðer, other, second;

ōðer ... ōðer, the one ... the other.

oðfæstan (§ 127), set to (a task).

oðfeallan (§ 117) fall off, decline.

oððe, or;

oððe ... oððe, either ... or.

P.

plega, m., play, festivity.

port, m., port [Lat. portus].

R.

rād, f., raid.

rǣcan (§ 126), reach; pret. 3d sing., rǣhte.

ræst, see ręst.

Rēadingas, m. pl., Reading (in Berkshire).

ręccan (§ 128), narrate, tell; pret. pl. indic., ręhton, reahton.

ręccelēas, reckless, careless.

ręced, n., house, hall.

regnian (rēnian) (§ 130), adorn, prepare; past part., geregnad.

regollīc (-lec), according to rule, regular.

rēn-weard, m., mighty warden, guard, champion.

ręst (ræst), f., rest, resting-place, bed.

rēðe, fierce, furious.

rīce, rich, powerful, aristocratic.

rīce, n., realm, kingdom [bishopric].

rīcsian (§ 130), rule.

rīdan (§ 102), ride.

rīman (§ 126), count [rime].

rinc, m., man, warrior.

rōd, f., rood, cross;

rōde tācen, sign of the cross.

Rōmware, m. pl., Romans.

rǫnd (rand), m., shield.

rūn, f., rune, secret meditation [to round = to whisper].

rycene (ricene), quickly, rashly.

ryhtnorðanwind, m., straight north-wind.

S.

sǣ, f., sea.

sǣ-bāt, m., sea-boat.

sǣd, n., seed.

sǣde, see sęcgan.

sǣl, m., f., time, happiness [sil-ly];

on sǣlum 137, 22 = joyous, merry.

sǣlan (§ 126), bind.

sǣ-līðend (§ 68, (3)), m., seafarer (nom. and acc. pl. same as nom. and acc. sing.).

sam ... sam, whether ... or.

same, similarly;

swā same, just the same, in like manner.

samod, see sǫmod.

sanct, m., f., saint [Lat. sanctus]; gen. sing., sanctæ, f., sancti, m.

sang, see sǫng.

sār, f., n., sore, pain, wound.

sār, adj., sore, grievous.

sāre, sorely.

sāwan (§ 117,) sow.

sāwol, f., soul; oblique cases, sing., sāwle (§ 39, Note).

scacan (sceacan) (§ 116), shake, go, depart; past part., scacen, sceacen.

scadu-helm, m., cover of night, shadow-covering [shadow-helm];

scadu-helma gesceapu, see Note on 138, 2-6.

sceal, see sculan.

scēap, n., sheep.

scēat, m., corner, region, quarter [sheet];

eorðan scēatta 139, 14 = in the regions of earth (gen. used as locative).

scēawi(g)an (§ 130), view, see [shew].

scēawung, f., seeing.

sceolde, see sculan.

scēop (scōp), see scieppan.

scēowyrhta, m., shoe-maker.

scęððan (§ 116), injure, scathe (with dat.).

scieppan (§ 116), create.

Scieppend, m., Creator.

scīnan (§ 102), shine.

scip (scyp), n., ship.

scipen, n., stall.

sciprāp, m., ship-rope, cable.

scīr, f., shire, district.

Sciringeshēal, m., Sciringesheal (in Norway).

scolde, see sculan.

scǫmu, f., shame, dishonor.

Scōnēg, f., Skaane (southern district of the Scandinavian peninsula).

scopgereord, n., poetic language.

scrīðan (§ 102), stride, stalk.

sculan (§ 136; § 137, Note 2), shall, have to, ought.

Scyldingas, m. pl., Scyldings, Danes.

scyp, see scip.

Scyppend, see Scieppend.

sē, sēo, ðæt (§ 28; § 28, Note 3), the; that; he, she, it; who, which, that;

ðæs, from then, afterwards, therefore;

ðæs ðe (p. 110, l. 2), with what;

ðȳ ... ðæt (p. 110, ll. 7-8), for this reason ... because;

tō ðǣm ... swā, to such an extent ... as;

ðy (ðē), the (adverbial, with comparatives);

ðȳ ... ðȳ, the ... the.

seah, see sēon.

sealde, see sęllan.

searo-gimm, m., artistic gem, jewel.

searo-nīð, m., cunning hatred, plot.

searo-ðǫnc, m., cunning thought, device.

Seaxe, m. pl., Saxons, Saxony.

sēc(e)an (§ 128), to seek, visit, meet.

sęcg, m., man, warrior.

sęcgan (§ 132), say, tell.

sefa, m., mind, spirit.

sēfte, more easily (comparative of sōfte).

segel, m., n., sail; dat. sing. = segle.

seglian (§ 130), sail.

sęle, m., hall.

sęledrēam, m., hall joy, festivity.

sęle-ful, n., hall cup.

sęlesęcg, m., hall warrior, retainer.

sēlest, best (no positive).

self (sylf), self, himself (declined as strong or weak adjective).

sęllan (syllan) (§ 128), give [sell, han(d)sel].

sęmninga, forthwith, straightway.

sęndan (§ 127), send.

sēo, see sē.

sēoc, sick.

seofon (syfan), seven.

seolh, m., seal; gen. sing. = sēoles (§ 27, (3)).

sēon (§ 118), see, look.

seonu, f., sinew; nom. pl., seonowe.

sess, m., seat.

sibb, f., friendship, peace [gossip].

sidu (siodu), m., custom, morality, good conduct.

sīe, see bēon.

siex, six;

syxa (siexa) sum, see sum.

siextig, sixty.

sige, m., victory.

sige-folc, n., victorious people.

sige-lēas, victory-less, of defeat.

sige-rōf, victory-famed, victorious.

sige-wǣpen, n., victory-weapon.

siglan (§ 127), sail.

Sillende, Zealand.

sinc, n., treasure, prize.

sinc-fǣt, n., see 137, 1 [treasure-vat].

sinc-ðęgu, f., receiving of treasure [ðicgan].

sind, sint, sindon, see bēon.

singan (§ 110), sing.

sittan (§ 115, Note 2), sit, take position.

sīð, m., journey, time;

forman sīðe 139, 2 = the first time (instr. sing.).

sīðian (§ 130), journey.

siððan, after that, afterwards, after.

slǣp, m., sleep.

slǣpan (§ 117), sleep.

slēan (§ 118), slay [slow-worm].

slītan (§ 102), slit, tear to pieces.

slīðen, savage, perilous.

smæl, narrow.

smalost, see smæl.

snāw, m., snow.

snot(t)or, wise, prudent.

sōhte, see sēcan.

sǫmod (samod), together.

sōna, soon.

sǫng, m., n., song, poem.

sǫngcræft, m., art of song and poetry.

sorg (sorh), f., sorrow.

sōð, true.

sōð, n., truth;

tō sōðe, for a truth, truly, verily.

sōð-fæst, truthful, just.

sōðlīce, truly.

spēd, f., possessions, success, riches [speed].

spēdig, rich, prosperous.

spell, n., story, tale [gospel].

spēow, see spōwan.

spere, n., spear.

spor, n., track, footprint.

spōwan (§ 117), succeed (impersonal with dat.).

sprǣc, f., speech, language.

sprecan (§ 115), speak.

spyrian (spyrigean) (§ 130), follow (intrans.) [spor].

stæf, staff, rod; pl. = literature, learning.

stælhrān, m., decoy-reindeer.

stælwierðe, serviceable (see p. 56, Note 2).

stǣr, n., story, narrative [Lat. historia].

stæð, n., shore.

stān, m., stone, rock.

stān-boga, m., stone-arch [stone-bow].

standan, see stǫndan.

stānhlið (-hleoð), n., stone-cliff.

stapol, m., column [staple].

starian (§ 125), stare, gaze.

stęde, m., place.

stelan (§ 114), steal.

stęnt, see stǫndan.

stēorbord, n., starboard, right side of a ship.

stęppan (§ 116), step, advance; pret. indic. 3d sing., stōp.

stilnes, f., stillness, quiet.

stǫndan (§ 116), stand.

stōp, see stęppan.

storm, m., storm.

stōw, f., place [stow, and in names of places].

strang, see strǫng.

stręngest, see strǫng.

strǫng (§ 96, (2)), strong.

styccemǣlum, here and there.

sum (§ 91, Note 2), some, certain, a certain one;

hē syxa sum 104, 25 = he with five others.

sumera, see sumor.

sumor, m., summer; dat. sing. = sumera.

sumorlida, m., summer-army.

sundor, apart.

sunne, f., sun.

sunu, m., son.

sūð, south, southwards.

sūðan (§ 93, (5)), from the south;

be sūðan, south of (§ 94, (4)).

sūðeweard, southward.

sūðryhte, southward.

swā (swǣ), so, as, how, as if;

swā swā, just as, as far as;

swā ... swā, the ... the, as ... as;

swā hwæt swā, whatsoever (§ 77, Note).

swǣs, beloved, own.

swæð, n., track, footprint [swath].

swaðul, m.? n.?, smoke.

swealh, see swelgan.

swefan (§ 115), sleep, sleep the sleep of death.

swefn, n., sleep, dream.

swēg, m., sound, noise.

swegle, bright, clear.

swēlan (§ 126), burn [sweal].

swelgan (§ 110), swallow; pret. indic. 3d sing., swealh; subj., swulge.

swellan (§ 110), swell.

Swēoland, n., Sweden.

Swēom, m., dat. pl., the Swedes. 

sweotol, clear.

sweotole, clearly.

swęrian (§ 116), swear.

swēte, sweet.

swētnes (-nis), f., sweetness.

swift (swyft), swift.

swilc (swylc) (§ 77), such.

swilce, in such manner, as, likewise; as if, as though (with subj.).

swimman (§ 110), swim.

swīn (swȳn), n., swine, hog.

swīnsung, f., melody, harmony.

swīðe (swȳðe), very, exceedingly, greatly.

swīðost, chiefly, almost.

swōr, see swęrian.

swulge, see swelgan.

swuster (§ 68, (2)), f., sister.

swylce (swelce), see swilce.

swȳn, see swīn.

swynsian (§ 130), resound.

swȳðe, see swīðe.

swȳð-ferhð, strong-souled.

sylf, see self.

syll, f., sill, floor.

syllan, see sęllan.

symbel, n., feast, banquet.

symle, always.

synd, see bēon.

syn-dolh, n., ceaseless wound, incurable wound.

syndriglīce, specially.

synn, f., sin.

syn-scaða, m., ceaseless scather, perpetual foe.

syn-snǣd, f., huge bit [ceaseless bit].

syððan, see siððan.

syx, see siex.

syxtig, see siextig.

T.

tācen, n., sign, token; dat. sing., tācne (§ 33, Note).

tǣcan (§ 128), teach.

tam, tame.

tela, properly, well [til].

tęllan (§ 128), count, deem [tell]; pret. 3d sing., tealde.

Tęmes, f., the Thames.

tēon, arrange, create; pret. sing., tēode.

Terfinna, m., gen. pl., the Terfins.

tēð, see tōð.

tīd, f., tide, time, hour.

tīen (tȳn), ten.

til(l), good.

tīma, m., time.

tintreglīc, full of torment.

tō (§ 94, (1)), to, for, according to, as;

tō hrōfe 114, 2 = for (as) a roof [cf. Biblical to wife, modern to boot].

tō, adv., too.

tōbrecan (p. 81, Note 2), break to pieces, knock about.

tōdǣlan (§ 126), divide.

tōemnes (tō emnes) (§ 94, (4)), along, alongside.

tōforan (§ 94, (1)), before.

tōgeðēodan (§ 126), join.

tōhopa, m., hope.

tōlicgan (§ 115, Note 2), separate, lie between;

3d sing, indic. = tōlīð.

tōlīð, see tōlicgan.

tolūcan (§ 109, Note 1), destroy [the prefix tō reverses the meaning of lūcan, to lock].

torn, m., anger, insult.

tōð (§ 68, (1)), m., tooth.

tōweard (§ 94, (1)), toward.

tōweard, adj., approaching, future.

trēow, f., pledge, troth.

trēownes, f., trust.

Trūsō, Drausen (a city on the Drausensea).

tūn, m., town, village.

tunge, f., tongue.

tūngerēfa, m., bailiff [town-reeve; so sheriff = shire-reeve].

tungol, n., star.

twā, see twēgen.

twēgen, (§ 89), two, twain.

twēntig, twenty.

tȳn, see tīen.

Ð.

ðā, then, when;

ðā ... ðā, when ... then;

ðā ðā, then when = when.

ðā, see sē.

ðǣr, there, where;

ðǣr ðǣr, there where = where;

ðǣr ... swā 142, 4 = wheresoever; 145, 6 = if so be that.

ðæs, afterwards, therefore, thus, because;

see sē.

ðæt (ðætte = ðæt ðe), that, so that.

ðafian (§ 130), consent to.

ðanc, see ðǫnc.

ðancian (ðǫncian) (§ 130), thank.

ðanon, see ðǫnan.

ðās, see ðēs.

ðē, see sē (instr. sing.) and ðū.

ðe (§ 75), who, whom, which, that.

ðēah, though, although;

ðēah ðe, though, although.

ðearf, see ðurfan.

ðearf, f., need, benefit.

ðēaw, m., habit, custom [thews].

ðegn (ðegen), m., servant, thane, warrior.

ðęnc(e)an (§ 128), think, intend.

ðening (-ung), f., service;

the pl. may mean book of service (117, 17).

ðēod, f., people, nation.

ðēoden, m., prince, lord.

ðēodscipe, m., discipline.

ðēon (ðȳwan) (§ 126), oppress [ðēow].

ðēow, m., servant.

ðēowa, m., servant.

ðēowotdōm (ðīowot-), m., service.

ðēs (§ 73), this.

ðider, thither.

ðiderweard, thitherward.

ðīn (§ 76), thine.

ðing, n., thing;

ǣnige ðinga, see 140, 15, Note.

ðingan (§ 127), arrange, appoint.

ðis, see ðēs.

ðissum, see ðēs.

ðōhte, ðōhton, see ðęncean.

ðolian (§ 130), endure [thole].

ðǫnan, thence.

ðǫnc, m., thanks.

ðone, see sē.

ðonne, than, then, when;

ðonne ... ðonne, when ... then.

ðrāg, f., time.

ðrēa-nȳd, f., compulsion, oppression, misery [throe-need].

ðrēora, see ðrīe.

ðridda, third.

ðrie (ðrȳ) (§ 89), three.

ðrīm, see ðrīe.

ðrīst-hȳdig, bold-minded.

ðrītig, thirty.

ðrōwung, f., suffering.

ðrȳ, see ðrīe.

ðrym(m), m., renown, glory, strength.

ðrȳð, f., power, multitude (pl. used in sense of sing.);

asca ðrȳðe 152, 23 = the might of spears.

ðrȳð-ærn, n., mighty house, noble hall.

ðrȳð-word, n., mighty word, excellent discourse.

ðū (§ 72), thou.

ðūhte, see ðyncan.

ðurfan (§ 136), need; pres. indic. 3d sing., ðearf; pret. 3d sing., ðorfte;

for-ðām mē wītan ne ðearf Waldend fīra morðor-bealo māga 145, 17 = therefore the Ruler of men need not charge me with the murder of kinsmen.

ðurh (§ 94, (2)), through.

ðus, thus.

ðūsend, thousand.

ðȳ, see sē.

ðyder, see ðider.

ðyncan (§ 128), seem, appear (impersonal);

mē ðyncð, methinks, it seems to me;

him ðūhte, it seemed to him.

U.

ūhta, m., dawn; gen. pl., ūhtna.

unbeboht, unsold [bebycgan = to sell].

uncūð, unknown, uncertain [uncouth].

under, under (with dat. and acc.).

understǫndan (§ 116), understand.

underðēodan (-ðīedan) (§ 126), subject to; past part. underðēoded = subjected to, obedient to (with dat.).

unforbærned, unburned.

unfrið, m., hostility.

ungefōge, excessively.

ungemete, immeasurably, very.

ungesewenlīc, invisible [past part. of sēon + līc].

unlyfigend, dead, dead man [unliving].

unlȳtel, no little, great.

unriht, n., wrong;

on unriht, see on.

unrihtwīsnes, f., unrighteousness.

unspēdig, poor.

unwearnum, unawares.

ūp (ūpp), up.

ūpāstīgnes, f., ascension [stīgan].