The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia, by Charles Darwin

1. Mandibles of Pollicipes mitella: exhibiting the upper (a) and lower (b) articulations, and the three principal muscles; the short upper cut off muscle runs to its attachment at the base of the palpus.

2. Mandibles of Lithotrya dorsalis, exhibiting four (aa) roughened, thin, ligamentous apodemes for the attachment of the muscles.

3. Mandibles of Scalpellum Peronii.

4. Mandibles of Ibla Cumingii.

5. Mandibles of Lepas anatifera.

6. Palpus of Lepas anatifera.

7. Palpus of Pollicipes mitella.

8. Palpus of Alepas cornuta.

9. Maxilla of Lepas anatifera.

10. Maxilla of Lithotrya dorsalis, exhibiting the horny, rigid apodeme (a) buried in muscles, together with the two other principal bundles of muscles.

11. Maxilla of Ibla Cumingii.

12. Maxilla of Lithotrya rhodiopus.

13. Maxilla of Pollicipes polymerus.

14. Maxilla of Pollicipes mitella.

15. Maxilla of Pœcilasma eburnea.

16. Outer maxilla of Conchoderma virgata; (a), orifice of the olfactory cavity, the inner delicate chitine membrane of which is seen within, the specimen having been treated with caustic potash.

17. Outer maxilla of Pollicipes mitella, showing the two principal muscles, and the prominent, tubular, (b) olfactory orifices.

18. Caudal appendages, and basal segments of the sixth pair of cirri, of Lepas anatifera; (a), anus; (b), caudal appendages; (c), lower segment of pedicel of sixth cirrus; (d), upper segment of ditto; (e), basal segments of the two rami.

19. Caudal appendage (right-hand side) of Pollicipes sertus.

20. Caudal appendage (right-hand side) of Scalpellum Peronii.

21. Caudal appendage (right-hand side) of Scalpellum vulgare.

22. Caudal appendage (right-hand side) of Pollicipes cornucopia.

23. Caudal appendage (left-hand) Lithotrya dorsalis; (a), caudal appendage; (c), lower segment of pedicel of sixth cirrus; (d), upper segment of ditto; (e), segments of one of the rami.

24. Portion of caudal appendage of Lithotrya dorsalis, highly magnified.

25. Pollicipes polymerus; anterior ramus of the second cirrus.

26. Lepas anatifera; a segment of the sixth cirrus, showing the arrangement of the spines; (a), main anterior spines, of which there is a corresponding row on the opposite side; (c), dorsal tuft.

27. Pollicipes polymerus; a segment of the sixth cirrus, showing the arrangement of the spines; (a), main anterior spines, of which there is a corresponding row on the opposite side; (b b), calcareous shields on the dorsal surfaces, with tufts of fine spines near their upper edges.

28. Alepas cornuta; sixth cirrus of; (a) basal portion of one ramus, consisting of numerous segments; (k), the other and almost rudimentary ramus.

29. Pœcilasma fissa; segments of the sixth cirrus, showing the arrangement of the spines; (a), anterior spines; (c), dorsal tufts.

Abortion, extreme, in the male of Ibla, 202.
Absia, 332.
Acari, development of, 18.
Acoustic (?) organs, general description of, 53.
Adductor scutorum muscle, 39.
Affinities of the Lepadidæ, 64.
Alepas, Genus, 156.
- cornuta, 165.
- minuta, 160.
- parasita, 163.
- squalicola, 170.
- tubulosa, 169.
Allman, Professor, on Cyclops, 38.
Anatifa vel Anatifera, Genus, 67, 99, 215.
- crassa, 107.
- dentata, 73.
- elongata, 374.
- engonata, 73.
- hirsuta, 203.
- lævis, 73, 77.
- oceanica, 92.
- obliqua, 264.
- parasita, 163.
- quadrivalvis, 203.
- sessilis, 81.
- spinosa, 324.
- striata, 81, 86.
- substriata, 77.
- sulcata, 86.
- tricolor, 77.
- truncata, 361.
- univalvis, 163.
- villosa, 367.
- vitrea, 92.
Anelasma, Genus, 169.
Antennæ, larval, 33.
- in the Lepadidæ, table of measurements, 286.
- of Ibla Cumingii, 191.
- of Lepas australis, 15.
- of Scalpellum vulgare, 237.
Appendages, caudal, 43.
- in larva, 19.
- filamentary, 38.
Asplanchna, male of, 292.
Attachment of Cirripedes, 33.
- of Scalpellum vulgare, 226.
- of Pollicipes polymerus, 310.

Balanidæ, affinities of, 64.
Bate, Mr. C. S., on the metamorphoses of Cirripedes, 9-16.
Bopyrus, parasite allied to, 55.
Branta, 137.
- aurita, 141.
- virgatum, 146.
Brightwell, Mr., on the Asplanchna, 292.
Brisnæus, 332.
- Rhodiopus, 363.
Brugière, date of work of, 67.
Buoyancy, means of, in Lepas fascicularis, 95.
Burmeister, Professor, on the metamorphoses of Cirripedes, 9, 13.
Burrowing powers of, in Lithotrya, 337.

Calentica, 215.
- Homii, 274.
Capitulum, general description of, 28.
Capitulum, Genus, 293.
- mitella, 316.
Carapace of the larva, 15.
Caudal appendages, 43.
- in larva, 19.
Cement-discs,
- in a straight row, in Scalpellum vulgare, 226.
- in Pollicipes polymerus, 310.
Cement-ducts, 34.
- in the larva, 20.
Cement-glands, incipient in larva, 24, 34.
Cement, nature of, 36.
Cement-tissue, modified as a float in Lepas fascicularis, 95.
Chitine, chemical nature of, 30.
Chthamalinæ, 2, 65.
Cineras, Genus, 137, 156.
- bicolor, 146.
- Cranchii, 146.
- chelonophilus, 146, 151.
- megalepas, 146.
- membranacea, 146.
- Montagui, 146.
- Olfersii, 146, 152.
- Rissoanus, 146.
- vittatus, 146.
Circulation, 46.
Cirri, general description of, 42.
- of young Cirripede, 22.
Cirripede, immature whilst within the larva, 20.
Cirripedes, sessile, affinities of, 64.
- sub-families of, 2.
- useful as food, 66.
Clyptra, 374.
Coates, Dr., on Lepas fascicularis, 96.
Conchoderma, Genus, 136.
- aurita, 141.
- Hunteri, 153.
- leporinum, 141.
- virgata, 146.
Conchotrya, 332.
- Valentiana, 371.
Cuming, Mr., obligations to, 181, 189.
- on the Cirripedes of the Philippine Archipelago, 65.
- on Balanus psittacus, 66.
Cup, basal calcareous, in Lithotrya, 338.

Dana, Mr. J. D., on the ovaria in certain Crustacea, 26.
- on the antennæ of larval Cirripedes, 15, 26.
Dichelaspis, Genus, 115.
- Grayii, 123.
- Lowei, 128.
- orthogonia, 130.
- pellucida, 125.
- Warwickii, 120.
Distribution, geographical, 65.
Dosima, 67.
- fascicularis, 92.
Dujardin, on the larvæ of Acari, 18.

Encyclopédie Method., date of, 67
Entozoons, sexes of, 201.
Epidermis of valves, 31.
Exuviation, 61, 63.
- of the larval eyes, 24.
- of the larval integuments, 20.
- of the membrane of peduncle in Lithotrya, 336.
Eyes, in the Lepadidæ, 49.
- of the larva, first stage, 10.
- last stage, 16, 24.

Families of Cirripedes, 2.
Farre, Dr., on the acoustic organs in Crustacea, 54.
Female organs of generation in the Lepadidæ, 56.
Filaments, 38.
Forbes, Prof. E., on the homology of the peduncle, 26.
Fræna, ovigerous, 59.

Ganglia, ophthalmic, 49.
Generation, organs of, in the Lepadidæ, 55.
Glands, supposed salivary, 57.
- on the ovigerous lamellæ, 60.
Goodsir, Mr., on the metamorphosis of Cirripedes, 9, 16.
- on the supposed male of Balanus, 55.
Gray, Mr. J. E., on the genus Dosima, 99.
- on the metamorphosis of Cirripedes, 9.
- on the inequality of the valves in Pæcilasma, 101, 103.
- on an unknown 7-valved Lepas, 374.
- on the genus Scalpellum, 216.
Growth, rate of, 63.
Gymnolepas, 137.
- Cranchii, 146.
- Cuvierii, 141.

Habitats, 65.
Hancock, Mr., on the burrowing of Cirripedes, 346.
- on the larva of Lepas, 11.
Hectocotyle, 200.
Heptalasmis, 115.
Hermaphroditism, peculiar kind of, 201.
Heteroura androphora, 201.
Homologies of the Cirripedia, 25-28.

Ibla, Genus, 180.
- Cumingii (female), 183.
  - (male), 189.
- Cuvieriana, 203.
- quadrivalvis (hermaphrodite), 203.
  - (complemental male), 207.
- general summary on its sexual relations, 281.
Impregnation of the females and hermaphrodites in Ibla and Scalpellum, 290.

King, Captain, on a new Scalpellum, 375.
Kölliker, on the males of Cephalopoda, 200.

Labrum, general description of, 40.
Lamellæ, ovigerous, 58.
Larvæ, general description of, 8.
Larva of Ibla quadrivalvis, 210.
Leidy, Professor, on the eyes of Cirripedes, 2, 49.
Lepas, Genus, 67.
- anatifera, 73.
- anserifera, 81, 86.
- australis, 89.
- australis, metamorphosis of, 14.
- coriacea, 146.
- cornuta, 141.
- cygnea, 92.
- dilata, 92.
- dorsalis, 351.
- fascicularis, 92.
- fascicularis, peduncle, remarkable structure of, 95.
- Gallorum, 298.
- Hillii, 77.
- leporina, 141.
- membranacea, 146.
- mitella, 316.
- muricata, 85.
- nauta, 81.
- pectinata, 85.
- pollicipes, 298.
- scalpellum, 222.
- sulcata, 86.
- virgata, 146.
Lerneidæ, males of, 200.
Leucifer, 28.
Litholepas, 332.
- de Mont Serrat, 351.
Lithotrya, Genus, 332.
- cauta, 356.
- dorsalis, 351.
- Nicobarica, 354.
- Rhodiopus, 363.
- truncata, 366.
- Valentiana, 371.
- powers of burrowing, 337.
Lovèn, Dr., on the habits of the Alepas squalicola, 178.
- on the homologies of Cirripedes, 26.
Lowe, Rev. R. T., on the fishes of Madeira and Japan, 106.
- on the Cirripedes of Madeira, 65.

Macgillivray, Prof., on Conchoderma, 140.
- on Lepas anserifera, 81.
Malacotta, 137.
- bivalvis, 141.
Male Cirripedes, discussion on, 281.
- of Ibla Cumingii, 189.
  - ” quadrivalvis, 207.
- of Scalpellum ornatum, 248.
  - Peronii, 270.
  - rostratum, 262.
  - villosum, 278.
  - vulgare, 231.
- organs of generation in the Lepadidæ, 55.
Mandibles, general description of, 41.
Martin St. Ange, on the affinities of Cirripedes, 1.
- on a closed tube within the stomach, 45.
- on the generative organs, 55.
Maxillæ, general description of, 41.
Membrane covering valves, 30.
Metamorphoses, first stage, 9.
- second stage, 13.
- last stage, 14.
Mitella, Genus, 293.
Mouth, general description of, 39.
- of young Cirripede, 22.
- of the larva, first stage, 11.
  - last stage, 17.
Muscles, 39.
- without striæ in Anelasma, and in embryonic Cirripedes, 172.

Nerves, general system of, 46.
- of Ibla Cumingii, 188.
Nomenclature of the parts of Cirripedes, 3.
- Rules of, 293.

Octolasmis, 115.
- Warwickii, 120.
Œsophagus, general description of, 44.
Orders of Cirripedes, 2.
Organs acoustic (?) general description of, 53.
- of the larva of Lepas, 15.
- female, of generation, in the Lepadidæ, 56.
- male, of generation, in the Lepadidæ, 55.
- olfactory, general description of, 52.
Otion, 137.
- auritus, 141.
- Bellianus, 141.
- Blainvillianus, 141.
- Cuvieranus, 141.
- depressa, 141.
- Dumerillianus, 141.
- Rissoanus, 141.
- saccutifera, 141.
Ova, 58.
Ovaria, incipient in the larva, 20, 24.
- in the Lepadidæ, 57.
Oviducts (supposed), 59.
Owen, Professor, on certain Entozoic Worms, 201.
- on the Conchoderma Hunteri, 154.
Oxynaspis, Genus, 133.
- celata, 134.

Pamina, 137.
- trilineata, 146.
Peach, Mr., obligations to, 240.
- on the movements of pedunculated Cirripedes, 33.
Peduncle, general description of, 31.
- origin and homologies of, 21.
Penis, general description of, 56.
- of Ibla quadrivalvis, 206.
Pentalasmis, vel Pentalepas, 67.
- anseriferus, 81.
- dentatus, 73.
- dilatata, 81.
- Donovani, 92.
- fascicularis, 92.
- Hillii, 77.
- inversus, 86.
- lævis, 73, 77.
- radula, 86.
- spirulæ, 86.
- spirulicola, 92.
- sulcata, 86.
Pentalepas vitrea, 92.
Pœcilasma, Genus, 99.
- aurantia, 105.
- crassa, 107.
- eburnea, 112.
- fissa, 109.
- Kæmpferi, 102.
Pollicipes, 293.
- cornucopia, 298.
- elegans, 304.
- mitella, 316.
- Mortoni, 307.
- obliqua, 264.
- polymerus, 307.
- ruber, 304.
- scalpellum, 222.
- sertus, 327.
- sinensis, 375.
- Smythii, 298.
- spinosus, 324.
- tomentosus, 274.
- villosus, 274.
Polylepas, 215, 293.
- mitella, 316.
- sinensis, 375.
- vulgare, 222.
Primordial valves, 22.
Prosoma, shape of, 39.
Proteolepas, 3, 26.
Pupa, locomotive or last larval state, in Cirripedes, 18.

Ramphidiona, 293.
Range, geographical, 65.
Rate of growth, 63.
Reinhardt on the burrowing of Lithotrya, 346.
Reproduction, organs of, in the Lepadidæ, 55.
Rotifera, sexes of, 292.
Rules of nomenclature, 293.

Sack, description of, 31.
- origin of, 15, 23.
Scalpellum, genus, 215.
- lævis, 376.
- læve, 222.
- Sicilice, 222.
- ornatum, (female,) 244.
  - (male,) 248.
- papillosum, 375.
- Peronii, 264.
  - (male,) 270.
- rostratum, 259.
  - (male,) 262.
- rutilum, 253.
  - (male,) 258.
- villosum, 274.
  - (male,) 278.
- vulgare, 222.
  - larva of, 9.
  - (complemental male,) 231.
- general summary on sexual relations, 281.
Schmidt, Dr., on chitine, 30.
- on the muscles in young crustacea, 172.
Senoclita, 137.
- fasciata, 146.
Sexes, discussion on, in Ibla and Scalpellum, 281.
Siebold, Dr. C. Von, 201.
Smilium, 215.
- Peronii, 264.
Spermatozoa in Scalpellum vulgare, 236.
Sprengel, Ch. K., on compositous flowers, 203.
Steenstrup, Prof., on the homology of the peduncle, 26.
- on the non-hermaphroditism of Cirripedes, 55.
Stomach of larva, 19.
- general description of, 44.
Stroem on a seven-valved Lepas, 374.
Syngamus trachealis, 201.

Testes in the Lepadidæ, 55.
Tetralasmis, 180.
- hirsutus, 203.
Thaliella, 215.
- ornata, 244.
Thompson, Mr. W., on Lepas anatifera, (var.) 74.
- on the exuviations of sessile Cirripedes, 63.
- obligations to, 240.
- Mr. Vaughan, on the metamorphoses of Cirripedes, 9, 10.
Trilasmis, genus, 99.
- eburnea, 112.
Triton, genus, 156.
- fasciculatus, 163.

Upopi, or young acari, 18.

Vesiculæ seminales, 56.
Valves, general description of, 28.
Valves, chemical nature of, 30.
- horny, colour changed by pressure, 184.
- primordial, 22.

Wagner, R., on the male organs of generation, 55.

Xiphidium, 215.

INDEX.