[61] It must not be forgotten that Saint-Simon was presented at Court in 1692. Louis XIV. was then fifty-four, and had reigned forty-nine years. Saint-Simon only knew the end of the reign.

[62] Brother of the Superintendent of Finances.

[63] In the summer of 1657.

[64] Vers d'Atys, opera played in 1676, and d'Astrate, tragedy of 1663.

[65] The phrase is M. Jules Lemâitre's.

[66] See The Youth of La Grande Mademoiselle. For this chapter cf. La misère au temps de la Fronde et Saint-Vincent de Paul, by Feillet; La cabale des dévots, by by Raoul Allier; Saint-Vincent de Paul, by Emanuel Broglie; Saint-Vincent de Paul et les Goudi, by Chantelauze; Port-Royal, by Sainte-Beuve.

[67] Village of the arrondissement of Provins.

[68] Feillet, La misère au temps de la Fronde.

[69] See the volume of Raoul Allier, La cabale des dévots.

[70] Marie de Gonzague.

[71] En Picardie.

[72] M. Emanuel de Broglie.

[73] Saul in the Journal des guerres civiles de Dubuisson-Aubenay. He mentions the date of December 2, 1650, upon which "large donations" were sent into Champagne, by Mmes. de Lamoignon and de Herse, Messieurs de Bernières, Lenain, etc.

[74] The Parliament of Dijon had a bad reputation with the ministers, who accused it of refusing all reform. This does not excuse such a lack of good faith.

[75] Dombes was a small independent principality which had only been definitely united to France on March 28, 1782; its capital was Trévoux.

[76] Histoire de France. Tr. by Jacques Porchat and Miot. Paris, 1886.

[77] Mémoires de Montglat; Mémoires de Mme. de Motteville.

[78] The ball took place on the 3rd. Several days elapsed before the news of the death reached Aix.

[79] Mémoires of Mademoiselle.

[80] Mémoires of Mademoiselle.

[81] Anne de Gonzague.

[82] This appeared in 1691.

[83] Isle des Faisans was also called Isle de la Conférence, since Mazarin had there discussed the treaty of the Pyrénées with Luis de Haro.

[84] Mémoires de Montglat.

[85] Mémoires de Mme. de Motteville.

[86] Ibid.

[87] There exists in the Archives d'Affaires étrangères a fragment of the instructions of Mazarin to Louis XIV., written under the dictation of the King. M. Chantelauze, who discovered it, published it in the Correspondant of August 10, 1881.

[88] Motteville.

[89] Guy Patin. Letter of January 28, 1661.

[90] Motteville.

[91] He was even twenty-four when he asked Péréfixe again to give him Latin lessons.

[92] Letter of June 27th to the Queen of Poland (Archives de Chantilly). The King dined at one o'clock.

[93] Letter of July 15, 1661.

[94] "Portrait de Mademoiselle fait par elle-même" (Nov., 1657) in La Galerie des Portraits de Mademoiselle de Montpensier, edited by Éduard de Barthélemy (Paris, 1860).

[95] Mme. de Rambouillet died very aged in 1665. Her influence ended in 1650.

[96] Le Grand Cyrus. The greater part of the friends of Mlle. de Scudéry are given assumed names. Mlle. Bocquet is called Agélaste.

[97] Cf. La Société française au XVII^e. siècle, vol., ch. xv.

[98] This is the friend of Mme. de Sévigné.

[99] Sister-in-law of the preceding. She married, in 1662, Bernard, Duke of Saxe-Jena.

[100] Mademoiselle says in her Mémoires that they "had" them written. This is an error.

[101] La Galerie des Portraits.

[102] M. de Barthélemy, editor of the Galerie des Portraits, called Honorat de Bueil, marquis de Racan; born in 1589, died in 1670.

[103] Or forty-six, depending upon the date of the Portrait, 1658 or 1659.

[104] L'École des Femmes was issued in 1662.

[105] The expression is from the beautiful Marquise de Mauny, who formed part of the little Court of Saint-Fargeau.

[106] From Mme. de Sainctôt, wife of the master of ceremonies and introducer of ambassadors under Louis XIV. She was a friend of Voiture.

[107] The others are, Vie de Madame de Fouquerolles, supposed autobiography of a lady mixed up with Fronde intrigues (MS. exists in the library of the Arsenal), and La Relation de l'Isle imaginaire (1658), badinage upon an episode in Don Quixote.

[108] Mémoires. François-Timoléon de Choisy was born in 1644. There is some question as to who was his mother.

[109] Marguerite Louise d'Orléans was born July 28, 1645; Elisabeth, called Mlle. d'Alençon, December 26, 1646; Françoise-Madeleine, called Mlle. de Valois, October 13, 1648.

[110] Born at Tours in 1644. Her father, Laurent de La Baume Le Blanc, Seigneur de La Vallière, dying in 1654, her mother remarried Jacques de Courtavel, marquis de Saint-Remi, maître d'hôtel de Gaston d'Orléans.

[111] Cf. Madame, Memoirs of Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, by Julia Cartwright (London, 1894).

[112] Lady Derby was a La Trémouille. The sister-in-law to whom the letters are addressed was the sister of Turenne.

[113] Or Charles IV.; there are two methods of counting the Dukes of Lorraine.

[114] See the very curious volume by M. Rodocanachi, Les Infortunes d'une petite-fille d'Henri IV. The marriage of the Princess Marguerite with the Duke of Tuscany took place April 19, 1661.

[115] Mémoires of Mademoiselle.

[116] Par Fortin de la Hoguete (1645).

[117] L'Image du Souverain (1649).

[118] Mémoires pour 1667. Ed. by Charles Dreyss.

[119] Portugal had again become independent in 1640.

[120] Mémoires for the year 1661.

[121] Mignet, Négociations relatives à la succession d'Espagne.

[122] Élisabeth de France, daughter of Henry IV., born in 1602. She married Philip IV., in 1615, gave birth to Marie-Thérèse in 1638, and died in 1644.

[123] This was the Marshal de Gramont, father of the Comte de Guiche. The "magnificence" and the "galanterie" of his journey to Madrid to demand the Infanta have left lively memories.

[124] Souvenirs de Madame de Caylus, Mémoires de Mme. de Motteville, Souvenirs sur Madame de Maintenon, published by the Comte de Haussonville and M. G. Hanotaux.

[125] Married on April 1, 1661, at seventeen. Monsieur (Philippe de France, duc d'Orléans) was then twenty-one.

[126] Histoire de Madame Henriette d'Angleterre, by Mme. de La Fayette.

[127] Histoire de Madame de Henriette, etc.

[128] Mémoires de Mme. de Motteville.

[129] War between relations in regard to property.

[130] Letter of July 9, 1749, and passim, in his correspondence.

[131] Cf. La Cabale des Dévots, by M. Raoul Allier.

[132] Journal d'Olivier Lefèvre d'Ormesson.

[133] Mémoires de Bussy-Rabutin.

[134] À nos Seigneurs de Parlement.—Archives of the Château of Eu. Mgr. le Duc d'Orléans has thrown open to me the Archives of Eu with a liberality for which I here heartily express my gratitude.

[135] Déclaration par le Menu du Comté d'Eu (May 8, 1660), and Inventoire général du Comté d'Eu (July 1, 1663).

[136] The Norman acre contains 81 acres and 71 centiares.

[137] Her request to the King was dated February 9, 1661 (Archives of Eu).

[138] The debts amounted exactly to 2,700,718 frs. 18 sols. (Liste des Créanciers in Archives of the Château of Eu). It will be remembered that Mademoiselle paid for Eu 2,550,000 frs.

[139] The account of the entry of Mademoiselle is in the Archives of the Château of Eu.

[140] Motteville.

[141] Histoire de France, by Leopold Ranke.

[142] Numéro of September 14, 1663.

[143] The marriage took place on January 28th.

[144] Philippe IV. died September 17, 1665.

[145] Cf. La Relation des Divertissements que le Roi a donnés aux Reines, etc., by Marigny (June, 1664).

[146] Number of July, 21, 1663, and passim.

[147] Louis XIV. had bought Dunkerque from the King of England. The city was delivered November 27, 1662. For account of the entrance of the King, see the Gazette.

[148] Louis XIV. was installed at Versailles, as a residence, May 6, 1682.

[149] Letter to the Queen of Poland, Marie de Gonzague (Archives of Chantilly). The Duc d'Enghien had married, December 11, 1663, Anne de Barière, daughter of the Princess Palatine and niece of Marie de Gonzague.

[150] Journal d'Olivier d'Ormesson.

[151] Letter of October 31st to the Queen of Poland (Archives of Chantilly).

[152] Cf. De La Vallière à Montespan, by Jean Lemoine and André Lichtenberger.

[153] Letter dated December 28, 1663, to the Queen of Poland (Archives of Chantilly).

[154] See the Molière of the Grands Écrivains, v., iv.

[155] See the contemporary engravings. Some reproductions will be found in the beautiful work of M. de Nolhac, La Création de Versailles.

[156] See the Youth of La Grande Mademoiselle.

[157] From the 7th to the 11th of May, the first two days and the last two not counted.

[158] Number of February 3, 1663, apropos of a ball given at the Louvre by the King on January 31st.

[159] For this portion, see the Gazette of May 17th, the letters from Loret of the 10th and 17th, various Relations du temps, the Molière of the Grands Écrivains, etc.

[160] Louise de La Vallière, by J. Lair.

[161] See La Cabale des Dévots, by M. Raoul Allier.

[162] A doubtful phrase.

[163] The Mlles. de Nemours were daughters of Elisabeth de Vendôme, sister of the Duc de Beaufort, and of Henri de Savoie, Duc de Nemours, who was killed in a duel by his brother-in-law (July 30, 1652). The younger sister married Alphonse VI. June 28, 1666.

[164] Claude Le Pelletier, then President of Inquests. After, he was Minister of State and Controller-General of Finances.

[165] Mlle. d'Alençon, the second of the half-sisters of Mademoiselle.

[166] Archives de Chantilly.

[167] Œuvres de Louis XIV. Lettres particulières, Paris, 1806.

[168] L'ambassadeur de la Fuente au roi d'Espagne; Paris, January 27, 1664. (Archives de la Bastile.) The Princesse de Savoie refused by Louis XIV; had decided to marry the Duc de Parma.

[169] Mémoires de Mme. de Motteville.

[170] The Archbishop of Embrun to Father Brienne; Turin Aug. 1, 1659.

[171] La Fontaine: La Fille, fable, published for the first time in the edition 1679.

[172] Marie-Jeanne-Baptiste de Nemours married Charles Emmanuel II., May 11, 1665.

[173] And not Madame Henriette, as has been said in error.

[174] Bethléem was a suburb of Clamecy.

[175] Mme. de La Fayette, Histoire de Madame Henriette.

[176] Mémoires de Mme. de Motteville.

[177] See Raoul Allier, La Cabale des Dévots.

[178] Lenten sermons for the year 1662.

[179] Letter of March 29, 1680.

[180] Archives de la Bastille, by François Ravaisson, vols. iv., v., and vi., passim.

[181] See the review of the play in Molière of the Grands Écrivains de la France (Hachette).

[182] Allusion to certain talismans.

[183] Archives de la Bastille: Rapport de la Reynie, lieutenant-general of police, à Louvois (1680, no other date).

[184] La Magie dans l'Inde antique, by Victor Henry.

[185] Interrogatory of June 30, 1668. Mme. de Bougy was the widow of the Marquis of this name, lieutenant-general. La Duverger was occupied with magic. The Marquis de Ravetot had married Catherine de Grammont, daughter of the Marshal.

[186] Another name for Lesage.

[187] Histoire de l'Opéra en Europe, by M. Romain Rolland. Cf. Histoire de la Musique dramatique en France, by Chouquet, Les Origines de l'Opéra français, by Nuitter and Thoinan.

[188] The first opera worthy of the name was Pomone, by Cambert. It will be learned in special works how French opera differed from Italian and through what a chain of circumstances it occurred that a Florentine, Baptiste Lulli, was the true founder.

[189] See above.

[190] A selection of the operas of Lulli, for piano and voice, has appeared in the Collection Michaelis.

[191] Letter dated December 1, 1673.

[192] Introduction par M. le Comte d' Haussonville, aux Souvenirs sur Mme. de Maintenon.

[193] Kant als Mensch, by Erich Adickes.

[194] Romain Rolland.

[195] Mémoires of Mademoiselle.

[196] Œuvres galantes en vers et en prose, by M. Cotin.

[197] For this see Les Ennemis de Racine, by F. Deltour; Les Époques du Théâtre français, and Les Études critiques sur l'Histoire de la Littérature française by M. F. Brunetière; the memoirs and correspondence of the times; the collection of Mercure galant; les préfaces de Racine, etc.

[198] Criticism by Boursault.

[199] Deltour, Les Ennemies de Racine.

[200] Gazette de Loret, January 13, 1663.

[201] Mémoires sur la vie et les ouvrages de Jean Racine, by Louis Racine.

[202] See the volume by MM. Jean Lemoine and André Lichtenberger, De La Vallière à Montespan.

[203] Souvenirs sur Mme. de Maintenon.—Les Cahiers de Mlle. d'Aumale, with an Introduction by M. G. Hanotaux.

[204] May 27, to M. de Montchevreuil.

[205] "Frappez" would have been misunderstood.

[206] Remerciement au Roi (1663).

[207] The Convent of Saint-Joseph, rue Saint Dominique; Mme. de Montespan had constructed in it an apartment for herself.

[208] The Comte de Vexin, who died young.—Mme. de Sévigné, letter dated June 14, 1675.

[209] The Grande Equerry, Louis de Lorraine, Comte d' Armagnac.

[210] The Marquis de Puyguilhem (written Péguilin) had taken the name of Comte de Lauzun the following January. The latter title will be used in this volume.

[211] See the portrait of Straton in the chapter entitled "De la Cour."

[212] Saint-Simon, Écrits inédits.

[213] Lauzun became Captain of the Body Guard in July, 1669.