Herbert, of Cherbury, Lord, his profession of the doctrine of
innate ideas, i. 123
Hercules, meaning of, according to the Stoics, i. 163
Hereford, Nicholas of, his opposition to indiscriminate alms, ii.
96
Heresy, punishment of death for, i. 98; ii.
40
Heroism, the Utilitarian theory unfavourable to, i. 66.
War, the school of heroism, 173
Hilarius, St., legend of him and St. Epiphanius, ii.
159
Hildebrand, his destruction of priestly marriage, ii.
322
Hippopotamus, legend of the, ii.
161
Historical literature, scantiness of, after the fall of the Roman
empire, ii.
235
Hobbes, Thomas, his opinions concerning the essence and origin of
virtue, i. 7, 8, note.
His view of the origin of human actions, quoted, 8, note.
His remarks on the goodness which we apprehend in God, quoted, 9,
note.
And on reverence, 9, note.
On charity, 9, 10, note.
On pity, 10, note.
Review of the system of morals of his school, 11.
Gives the first great impulse to moral philosophy in England, 19,
note.
His denial of the reality of pure benevolence, 20, 21.
His definition of conscience, 29, note.
His theory of compassion, 72, note
Holidays, importance of, to the servile classes, ii.
244
Homer, his views of human nature and man's will, i. 196
Horace, his ridicule of idols, i. 166.
His description of the just man, 197
Hospitality enjoined by the Romans, ii.
79
Hospitals, foundation of the first, ii.
80,
81
Human life, its sanctity recognised by Christianity, ii.
18.
Gradual acquirement of this sense,
18
[pg 388]
Human nature, false estimate of, by the Stoics, i. 192
Hume, David, his theory of virtue, i. 4.
Misrepresented by many writers, 4.
His recognition of the reality of benevolence in our nature, 20,
and note.
His comment on French licentiousness in the eighteenth century,
50, note.
His analysis of the moral judgments, 76.
Lays the foundation for a union of the schools of Clarke and
Shaftesbury, 77
Humility, new value placed upon it by monachism, ii.
185,
187
Hutcheson, Francis, his doctrine of a “moral sense,” i. 4.
Establishes the reality of the existence of benevolence in our
nature, 20.
His analysis of moral judgments, 76
Hypatia, murder of, ii.
196
Iamblichus, his philosophy, i. 330
Ideas, confused association of. Question whether our, are derived
exclusively from sensation or whether they spring in part from
the mind itself, 122.
The latter theory represented by the Platonic doctrine of
pre-existence, 122.
Doctrine of innate ideas, 122
Idols and idolatry, views of the Roman philosophers of, i. 166.
Discussion between Apollonius of Tyana and an Egyptian priest
respecting, 166, note.
Idols forbidden by Numa, 166, note.
Plutarch on the vanity of, 166, note
Ignatius, St., his martyrdom, i. 438
Ignis fatuus, legend of the, ii.
224,
note
Imagination, sins of, i. 44.
Relation of the benevolent feelings to it, 132, 133.
Deficiency of imagination the cause of the great majority of
uncharitable judgments, 134-136.
Feebleness of the imagination a source of legends and myths, 347.
Beneficial effects of Christianity in supplying pure images to
the imagination, 299
Imperial system of the Romans, its effect on their morals, i.
257.
Apotheosis of the emperors, 257
India, ancient, admiration for the schools of, i. 229
Inductive, ambiguity of the term, as applied to morals, i. 73
Industrial truth, characteristics of, i. 137.
Influence of the promotion of industrial life upon morals,
139-140
Infanticide, history of the practice of, ii.
24.
Efforts of the Church to suppress it,
29.
Roman laws relating to,
31.
Causes of, in England,
285
Infants, Augustinian doctrine of the damnation of unbaptised, i.
96.
The Sacrament given to, in the early Church, ii.
6
Insanity, alleged increase of, ii.
60.
Theological notions concerning,
86.
The first lunatic asylums,
88
Insurance societies among the poor of Greece and Rome, ii.
78
Intellectual progress, its relations to moral progress, i.
149-151
Interest, self-, human actions governed exclusively by, according
to the Utilitarians, i. 7, 8, note.
Summary of the relations of virtue and public and private, 117
Intuition, rival claims of, and utility to be regarded as the
supreme regulator of moral distinctions, i. 1, 2.
Various names by which the theory of intuition is known, 2, 3.
Views of the moralists of the school of, 3.
Summary of their objections to the Utilitarian theory, i. 69.
The intuitive school, 74, 75.
Doctrines of Butler, Adam
[pg 389] Smith, and others,
76-77.
Analogies of beauty and virtue, 77.
Distinction between the higher and lower parts of our nature, 83.
Moral judgments, and their alleged diversities, 91.
General moral principles alone revealed by intuition, 99.
Intuitive morals not unprogressive, 102, 103.
Difficulty of both the intuitive and utilitarian schools in
finding a fixed frontier line between the lawful and the illicit,
116, 117.
The intuitive and utilitarian schools each related to the general
condition of society, 122.
Their relations to metaphysical schools, 123, 124.
And to the Baconian philosophy, 125.
Contrasts between ancient and modern civilisations, 126, 127.
Practical consequences of the opposition between the two schools,
127
Inventions, the causes which accelerate the progress of society
in modern times, i. 126
Ireland, why handed over by the Pope to England, ii.
217
Irenæus, his belief that all Christians had the power of working
miracles, i. 378
Irish, characteristics of the, i. 138.
Their early marriages and national improvidences, 146.
Absence of moral scandals among the priesthood, 146.
Their legend of the islands of life and death, 203.
Their missionary labours, ii.
246.
Their perpendicular burials,
253
Isidore, St., legend of, ii.
205
Isis, worship of, at Rome, i. 387.
Suppression of the worship, 402
Italians, characteristics of the, i. 138, 144
Italy, gigantic development of mendicancy in, ii.
98.
Introduction of monachism into,
106
James, the Apostle, Eusebius' account of him, ii.
105
James, St., of Venice, his kindness to animals, ii.
172
Jenyns, Soame, his adherence to the opinion of Ockham, i. 17,
note
Jerome, St., on exorcism, i. 382.
On the clean and unclean animals in the ark, ii.
104.
Encouraged inhumanity of ascetics to their relations,
134.
His legend of SS. Paul and Antony,
158
Jews, their law regulating marriage and permitting polygamy, i.
103.
Their treatment of suicides, 218, note.
Influence of their manners and creed at Rome, 235, 337.
Became the principal exorcists, 380, 381, note.
Spread of their creed in Rome, 386.
Reasons why they were persecuted less than the Christians, 402,
407.
How regarded by the pagans, and how the Christians were regarded
by the Jews, 415.
Charges of immorality brought against the Christians by the Jews,
417.
Domitian's taxation of them, 432.
Their views of the position of women, ii.
337
Joffre, Juan Gilaberto, his foundation of a lunatic asylum in
Valencia, ii.
89
John, St., at Patmos, i. 433
John, St., of Calama, story of, ii.
128
John XXIII., Pope, his crimes, ii.
331
Johnson, Dr., his adherence to the opinion of Ockham, i. 17,
note
Julian, the Emperor, his tranquil death, i. 207, and note.
Refuses the language of adulation, 259.
His attempt to resuscitate paganism, 331.
Attitude of the Church towards him, ii.
261.
[pg 390]
Julien l'Hospitalier, St., legend of, ii.
84,
note
Jupiter Ammon, fountain of, deemed miraculous, i. 366, and
note
Justinian, his laws respecting slavery, ii.
65
Justin Martyr, his recognition of the excellence of many parts of
the pagan writings, i. 344.
On the “seminal
logos,” 344.
On the Sibylline books, 376.
Cause of his conversion to Christianity, 415.
His martyrdom, 441
Juvenal, on the natural virtue of man, i. 197
Kames, Lord, on our moral judgments, i. 77.
Notices the analogies between our moral and æsthetical judgments,
77
King's evil, ceremony of touching for the, i. 363, note
Labienus, his works destroyed, i. 448, note
Lactantius, character of his treatise, i. 463
Lætorius, story of, i. 259
Laughing condemned by the monks of the desert, ii.
115,
note
Law, Roman, its relation to Stoicism, i. 294, 295.
Its golden age not Christian, but pagan, ii.
42
Lawyers, their position in literature, i. 131, note
Legacies forbidden to the clergy, ii.
151.
Power of making bequests to the clergy enlarged by Constantine,
215
Leibnitz, on the natural or innate powers of man, i. 121,
note
Leo the Isaurian, Pope, his compact with Pepin, ii.
266
Leonardo da Vinci, his kindness to animals, ii.
172,
note
Licentiousness, French, Hume's comments on, i. 50, note.
Locke, John, his view of moral good and moral evil, i. 8,
note.
His theological utilitarianism, 16, note.
His view of the sanctions of morality, 19.
His invention of the phrase “association of ideas,” 23.
His definition of conscience, 29, note.
Cousin's objections against him, 75, note.
His refutation of the doctrine of a natural moral sense, 123,
124.
Rise of the sensual school out of his philosophy, 123,
note.
Famous formulary of his school, 124
Lombard, Peter, character of his
“Sentences,” ii.
226.
His visions of heaven and hell,
228
Longinus, his suicide, i. 219
Love terms Greek, in vogue with the Romans, i. 231, note
Lucan, failure of his courage under torture, i. 194.
His sycophancy, 194.
His cosmopolitanism, 240
Lucius, the bishop, martyrdom of, i. 454
Lucretius, his scepticism, i. 162.
His disbelief in the immortality of the soul, i. 182,
note.
His praise of Epicurus, 197.
His suicide, 215.
On a bereaved cow, ii. 165
Lunatic asylums, the first, ii.
89
Luther's wife, her remark on the sensuous creed she had left, i.
52
Lyons, persecution of the Christians at, i. 441
Macarius, St., miracle attributed to, ii.
40,
note.
Legend of his visit to an enchanted garden,
158.
Macedonia, effect of the conquest of, on the decadence of Rome,
i. 169