Mackintosh, Sir James, theory of morals advocated by, i. 4.
Fascination
[pg
391] of Hartley's doctrine of
association over his mind, 29
Macrianus, persuades the Emperor Valerian to persecute the
Christians, i. 455
Macrina Cælia, her benevolence to children, ii.
77
Magdalen asylums, adversaries of, ii.
98, and
note
Mallonia, virtue of, ii.
309
Malthus, on charity, ii.
92,
note
Mandeville, his “Enquiry into the Origin of Moral
Virtue.” His thesis that “private vices are public benefits,” i.
7.
His opposition to charity schools, ii.
98
Manicheans, their tenets, ii.
102.
Their prohibition of animal food,
167
Manilius, his conception of the Deity, i. 163
Manufactures, influence upon morals, i. 139
Marcellinus, Tullius, his self-destruction, i. 222
Marcia, mistress of Commodus, her influence in behalf of
toleration to the Christians, i. 443
Marcian, St., legend of the visit of St. Avitus to him, ii.
159
Marcus, St., story of, and his mother, ii.
128
Marriage, how regarded by the Jews, Greeks, Romans, and
Catholics, i. 103, 104.
Statius' picture of the first night of marriage, 107,
note.
Reason why the ancient Jews attached a certain stigma to
virginity, 109.
Conflict of views of the Catholic priest and the political
economist on the subject of early marriages, 114.
Results in some countries of the difficulties with which
legislators surround marriage, 144.
Early marriages the most conspicuous proofs of Irish
improvidence, 144.
Influence of asceticism on, ii.
320.
Notions of its impurity,
324.
Marseilles, law of, respecting suicide, i. 218, note.
Epidemic of suicide among the women of, ii.
55
Martial, sycophancy of his epigrams, i. 194
Martin of Tours, St., establishes monachism in Gaul, ii.
106
Martyrdom, glories of, i. 390.
Festivals of the Martyrs, 390, note.
Passion for, 391.
Dissipation of the people at the festivals, ii.
150
Mary, St., of Egypt, ii.
110
Mary, the Virgin, veneration of, ii.
367,
368,
390
Massilians, wine forbidden to women by the, i. 96, note
Maternal affection, strength of, ii.
25,
note
Maurice, on the social penalties of conscience, i. 60,
note
Mauricus, Junius, his refusal to allow gladiatorial shows at
Vienna, i. 286
Maxentius, instance of his tyranny, ii.
46
Maximilianus, his martyrdom, ii.
248
Maximinus, Emperor, his persecution of the Christians, i. 446
Maximus of Tyre, account of him and his discourses, i. 312.
His defence of the ancient creeds, 323.
Practical form of his philosophy, 329
Medicine, possible progress of, i. 158, 159
Melania, St., her bereavement, ii.
10.
Her pilgrimage through the Syrian and Egyptian hermitages, 120
Milesians, wine forbidden by the, to women, i. 94, note
Military honour pre-eminent among the Romans, i. 172, 173.
History of the decadence of Roman military virtue, 268
Mill, J., on association, 25, note, et
seq.
[pg 392]
Mill, J. S., quoted, i. 29, 47, 90, 102
Minerva, meaning of, according to the Stoics, i. 163
Miracles, general incredulity on the subject of, at the present
time, i. 346, 348.
Miracles not impossible, 347.
Established by much evidence, 347.
The histories of them always decline with education, 348.
Illustration of this in the belief in fairies, 348.
Conceptions of savages, 349.
Legends, formation and decay of, 350-352.
Common errors in reasoning about miracles, 356.
Predisposition to the miraculous in some states of society, 362.
Belief of the Romans in miracles, 363-367.
Incapacity of the Christians of the third century for judging
historic miracles, 375.
Contemporary miracles believed in by the early Christians, 378.
Exorcism, 378.
Neither past nor contemporary Christian miracles had much weight
upon the pagans, 378
Missionary labours, ii.
246
Mithra, worship of, in Rome, i. 386
Mohammedans, their condemnation of suicide, ii.
53.
Their lunatic asylums,
89.
Effects of their military triumphs on Christianity,
252
Molinos, his opinion on the love we should bear to God,
condemned, i. 18, note
Monastic system, results of the Catholic monastic system, i. 107.
Suicide of monks, ii. 52.
Exertions of the monks in the cause of charity, 84.
Causes of the monastic movement, 102.
History of the rapid propagation of it in the West, 183.
New value placed by it on obedience and humility, 185, 269.
Relation of it to the intellectual virtues, 188.
The monasteries regarded as the receptacles of learning, 199.
Fallacy of attributing to the monasteries the genius that was
displayed in theology, 208.
Other fallacies concerning the services of the monks, 208-212.
Value attached by monks to pecuniary compensations for crime,
213.
Causes of their corruption, 217.
Benefits conferred by the monasteries, 243
Monogamy, establishment of, ii.
372
Monophysites, the cause, to some extent, of the Mohammedan
conquest of Egypt, ii.
143
Montanists, their tenets, ii.
102
Moral distinctions, rival claims of intuition and utility to be
regarded as the supreme regulators of, i. 1
Moral judgments, alleged diversities of, i. 91.
Are frequently due to intellectual causes, 92.
Instances of this in usury and abortion, 92.
Distinction between natural duties and others resting on positive
law, 93.
Ancient customs canonised by time, 93.
Anomalies explained by a confused association of ideas, 94, 95.
Moral perceptions overridden by positive religions, 95.
Instances of this in transubstantiation and the Augustinian and
Calvinistic doctrines of damnation, 96, 97.
General moral principles alone revealed by intuition, 99.
The moral unity of different ages a unity not of standard but of
tendency, 100.
Application of this theory to the history of benevolence, 100.
Reasons why acts regarded in one age as criminal are innocent in
another, 101.
Views of Mill and Buckle on the comparative influence of
intellectual and moral agencies in civilisation, 102, 103,
note.
Intuitive morals not unprogressive, 102, 103.
Answers to miscellaneous
[pg 393] objections against
the theory of natural moral perceptions, 109.
Effect of the condition of society on the standard, but not the
essence, of virtue, 110.
Occasional duty of sacrificing higher duties to lower ones, 110,
et seq.
Summary of the relations of virtue and public and private
interest, 117.
Two senses of the word natural, 119
Moral law, foundation of the, according to Ockham and his
adherents, i. 17, note.
Various views of the sanctions of morality, 19.
Utilitarian theological sanctions, 53.
The reality of the moral nature the one great question of natural
theology, 56.
Utilitarian secular sanctions, 57.
The Utilitarian theory subversive of morality, 66.
Plausibility and danger of theories of unification in morals, 72.
Our knowledge of the laws of moral progress nothing more than
approximate or general, 136
“Moral
sense,” Hutcheson's doctrine of a, i. 4
Moral system, what it should be, to govern society, i. 194
Morals, each of the two schools of, related to the general
condition of society, i. 122.
Their relations to metaphysical schools, 123, 124.
And to the Baconian philosophy, 125.
Contrast between ancient and modern civilisations, 125-127.
Causes that lead societies to elevate their moral standard, and
determine their preference of some particular kind of virtues,
130.
The order in which moral feelings are developed, 130.
Danger in proposing too absolutely a single character as a model
to which all men must conform, 155.
Remarks on moral types, 156.
Results to be expected from the study of the relations between
our physical and moral nature, 158.
Little influence of Pagan religions on morals, 161
More, Henry, on the motive of virtue, i. 76
Musonius, his suicide, i. 220
Mutius, history of him and his son, ii.
125
Mysticism of the Romans, causes producing, i. 318
Myths, formation of, i. 351
Naples, mania for suicide at, ii.
55
Napoleon, the Emperor, his order of the day respecting suicide,
i. 219, note
Nations, causes of the difficulties of effecting cordial
international friendships, i. 156
Natural moral perceptions, objections to the theory of, i. 116.
Two senses of the word natural, 118.
Reid, Sedgwick, and Leibnitz on the natural or innate powers of
man, 121, note.
Locke's refutation of the doctrine of a natural moral sense, 124
Neoplatonism, account of, i. 325.
Its destruction of the active duties and critical spirit, 329
Neptune, views of the Stoics of the meaning of the legends of, i.
163.
His statue solemnly degraded by Augustus, 169
Nero, his singing and acting, i. 259.
His law about slaves, 307.
His persecution of the Christians, 429
Newman, Dr., on venial sin, i. 111, and
note on pride, ii.
188
Nicodemus, apocryphal gospel of, ii.
221
Nilus, St., deserts his family, ii.
322
Nitria, number of anchorites in the desert of, ii.
105
Nolasco, Peter, his works of mercy,
[pg 394] ii.
73.
His participation in the Albigensian massacres,
95
Novatians, their tenets, ii.
102
Numa, legend of his prohibition of idols, i. 166, note
Oath, sanctity of an, among the Romans, i. 168
Obedience, new value placed on it by monachism, ii.
185,
186,
269
Obligation, nature of, i. 64, 65
Ockham, his opinion of the foundation of the moral law, i. 17,
and note
Odin, his suicide, ii.
53
O'Neale, Shane, his charity, ii.
96
Opinion, influence of character on, i. 171, 172
Oracles, refuted and ridiculed by Cicero, i. 165.
Plutarch's defence of their bad poetry, 165, note.
Refusal of Cato and the Stoics to consult them, 165.
Ridiculed by the Roman wits, 166.
Answer of the oracle of Delphi as to the best religion, 167.
Theory of the oracles in the 'De Divinatione' of Cicero, 368, and
note.
Van Dale's denial of their supernatural character, 374.
Books of oracles burnt under the republic and empire, 447, and
note
Origen, his desire for martyrdom, i. 391
Orphanotrophia, in the early Church, ii.
32
Otho, the Emperor, his suicide, i. 219.
Opinion of his contemporaries of his act, 219, note
Ovid, object of his “Metamorphoses,” i. 166.
His condemnation of suicide, 213, and note.
His humanity to animals, ii. 165
Oxen, laws for the protection of, ii.
162
Oxyrinchus, ascetic life in the city of, ii.
105
Pachomius, St., number of his monks, ii.
105
Pætus and Arria, history of, ii.
310
Pagan religions, their feeble influence on morals, i. 161
Pagan virtues, the, compared with Christian, i. 190
Paiderastia, the, of the Greeks, ii.
294
Pain, equivalent to evil, according to the Utilitarians, i. 8,
note
Palestine, foundation of monachism in, ii.
106.
Becomes a hot-bed of debauchery,
152
Paley, on the obligation of virtue, i. 14, note.
On the difference between an act of prudence and an act of duty,
16, note.
On the love we ought to bear to God, 18, note.
On the religious sanctions of morality, 19.
On the doctrine of association, 25, note.
On flesh diet, 49, note.
On the influence of health on happiness, 88, note.
On the difference in pleasures, 90, note